First Quarter 2024 Highlights:

Net income of $6.8 million, or $0.50 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $9.0 million, or $0.66 per diluted common share for the three months ended December 31, 2023
- Return on average assets ("ROA") of 0.73% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 0.97% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.
- Return on average equity ("ROE") of 9.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 12.35% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.
Net interest margin of 6.78% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to 6.61% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
Continued investment in technology to build and enhance the BaaS infrastructure, increase automation, enhance operational efficiency and productivity requires significant upfront expense, but is necessary for long-term success.
Decrease in net income driven by $2.3 million in unanticipated expenses, net of income tax, (more information is provided on these expenses later in this earnings release).
Total assets increased $111.9 million, or 3.0%, to $3.87 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $3.75 billion at December 31, 2023.
Total loans, net of deferred fees increased $173.5 million, or 5.7%, to $3.20 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
- Community bank loans increased $53.1 million, or 2.9%, to $1.88 billion.
- CCBX loans increased $120.3 million, or 10.1%, to $1.32 billion.
  - Enhanced credit standards on new CCBX loan originations.
  - Effective April 1, 2024, exposure was reduced from 10% to 5% on the CCBX portfolio that the Company is responsible for losses on.
Total of $100.5 million CCBX loans sold during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 as management continued to sell loans as part of our strategy to reduce risk, optimize the CCBX loan portfolio and strengthen our balance sheet through enhanced credit standards.
Deposits increased $102.6 million, or 3.1%, to $3.46 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.
- CCBX deposit growth of $166.2 million, or 8.9%, to $2.03 billion.
  - CCBX deposit growth excludes the $92.2 million in CCBX deposits that were transferred off balance sheet for increased Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage purposes, compared to $69.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. Amounts in excess of FDIC insurance coverage are transferred, using a third party facilitator/vendor sweep product, to participating financial institutions.
- Community bank deposits decreased $63.6 million, or 4.2%, to $1.43 billion.
  - We focus on growing and retaining less costly core deposits by not globally matching increases in rates on interest bearing deposits by our competitors and letting higher rate deposits run-off; additional exception pricing tactics were added as a strategy at the end of the first quarter of 2024 to retain and more effectively compete in the market.
  - Includes noninterest bearing deposits of $515.4 million or 35.9% of total community bank deposits.
  - Community bank cost of deposits was 1.66% compared to 1.57% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
- Uninsured deposits of $495.6 million, or 14.3% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024, compared to $558.6 million, or 16.6% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023.
Liquidity/Borrowings as of March 31, 2024:
- Capacity to borrow up to $659.5 million from Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank discount window with only minimal borrowings, taken once to test the lines, under these facilities since the first quarter of 2022 and no borrowings on these lines at March 31, 2024.
Investment Portfolio as of March 31, 2024:
- Available for sale ("AFS") investments of $41,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $99.5 million as of December 31, 2023, $100.0 million in AFS U.S. Treasury securities matured during the quarter ended March 31, 2024.
- Held to maturity ("HTM") investments of $50.0 million, of which 100% are U.S. Agency mortgage backed securities held for CRA purposes. The market value of the HTM investments is $299,000 less than the carrying value, the weighted average remaining life is 14.6 years as of March 31, 2024 and the weighted average yield is 5.46% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

EVERETT, Wash., April 29, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Coastal Financial Corporation (NASDAQ:CCB) (the "Company", "Coastal", "we", "our", or "us"), the holding company for Coastal Community Bank (the "Bank"), today reported unaudited financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Quarterly net income for the first quarter of 2024 was $6.8 million, or $0.50 per diluted common share, compared with net income of $9.0 million, or $0.66 per diluted common share, for the fourth quarter of 2023, and $12.4 million, or $0.91 per diluted common share, for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was largely due to a number of unanticipated expenses incurred during the quarter. The following non-GAAP measure is presented to illustrate the impact of certain unanticipated expenses on net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

	Three Months Ended
Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Unanticipated Expenses	March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Actual			Unanticipated Expenses			Adjusted
Net interest income	$	60,936		$	—		$	60,936
Provision for credit losses		(83,158	)		(1,096	)		(82,062	)
Noninterest income		86,955			—			86,955
Noninterest expense⁽¹⁾		(56,018	)		(1,915	)		(54,103	)
Income before provision for income tax		8,715			(3,010	)		11,725
Provision for income tax		(1,915	)		662			(2,577	)
Net income	$	6,800		$	(2,348	)	$	9,148

⁽¹⁾Detail of unanticipated noninterest expenses shown in table above:

Unanticipated noninterest expense:
Audit and accounting services	$	849
Contract termination fee		600
Operational loss		122
Employment realignment costs		343
Total unanticipated noninterest expense items	$	1,915

Total assets increased $111.9 million, or 3.0%, during the first quarter of 2024 to $3.87 billion, from $3.75 billion at December 31, 2023. Total loans, net of deferred fees increased $173.5 million, or 5.7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $3.20 billion, compared to $3.03 billion at December 31, 2023. Community bank loans increased $53.1 million, or 2.9%, and CCBX loans increased $120.3 million, or 10.1%. CCBX loan growth is net of $100.5 million in CCBX loans sold during the quarter ended March 31, 2024. We continue to monitor and actively manage the CCBX loan portfolio, and will continue to sell CCBX loans in the coming months as we work to strengthen the balance sheet by optimizing our CCBX portfolio through higher quality originations, loan sales, new products and building on our existing relationships. Deposits increased $102.6 million, or 3.1%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024. CCBX deposits grew $166.2 million, or 8.9%. Community bank deposits decreased $63.6 million, or 4.2%, as a result of managing our deposit rates during the quarter and letting some of our higher rate deposits run-off. Our cost of deposits for the community bank still increased as a result of higher rates and competitors offering and maintaining higher deposit rate offers during the quarter, increasing to 1.66% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 1.57% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

We saw solid deposit growth in the first quarter, with deposits increasing $102.6 million, or 3.1%, compared to December 31, 2023. Fully insured IntraFi network reciprocal deposits decreased $3.4 million to $336.8 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to $340.1 million as of December 31, 2023. These fully insured reciprocal deposits allow our larger deposit customers to fully insure their deposits through a reciprocal agreement with other banks. We continue to monitor our liquidity position through diligent management of our liquid assets and liabilities as well as maintaining access to alternative sources of funds. As of March 31, 2024, we had $515.1 million in cash on the balance sheet and the capacity to borrow up to $659.5 million from Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank discount window, and an additional $50.0 million from a correspondent bank, with no borrowings, except minimal amounts to test the lines, under these facilities since the first quarter of 2022. Cash on the balance sheet and total borrowing capacity totaled $1.17 billion, which represented 33.9% of total deposits and exceeded our $495.6 million in uninsured deposits as of March 31, 2024.

"In the current economic climate, banks and Banking-as-a-Service ("BaaS") providers are facing significant challenges. However, I am pleased to share that our Company is weathering these difficulties and continuing to grow and build for a strong future. Despite the uncertain times, we have managed to sustain our growth trajectory, improve our credit quality and position ourselves to be a premier BaaS service provider in the future.

We have been proactive in adapting to these challenging circumstances. We have implemented and are enhancing our robust risk management practices, closely monitoring our loan portfolios and enhancing our credit standards for CCBX loans while building and enhancing our existing compliance AML/BSA, risk and internal control processes. These steps are designed to mitigate potential compliance and credit risks, safeguard the quality of our assets and continue to grow.

Additionally, a primary initiative for us is to invest in technology designed to increase automation and enhance operational efficiency, productivity and cost structure, however, this requires significant upfront expense. This includes the costs associated with acquiring and implementing advanced technologies, addressing risks timely when they appear, training employees, and integrating new systems into existing infrastructure. We believe investing in automation for the future is crucial for us to stay ahead in an increasingly competitive landscape. By streamlining processes, reducing labor costs, and improving overall efficiency, we expect automation to make our business more scalable and better able to manage expenses in the future.

This investment in technology and the challenges from the economic environment impacted net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and we expect that this strategy will continue to impact earnings in the short term, but we believe we are positioning ourselves for long term success," stated Eric Sprink, the CEO of the Company and the Bank.

Results of Operations Overview

The Company has one main subsidiary, the Bank which consists of three segments: CCBX, the community bank and treasury & administration. The CCBX segment includes our BaaS activities, the community bank segment includes all community banking activities, and the treasury & administration segment includes treasury management, overall administration and all other aspects of the Company. Net interest income was $60.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $1.3 million, or 2.1%, from $59.7 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and an increase of $6.4 million, or 11.8%, from $54.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Yield on loans receivable was 10.85% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 10.71% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 9.95% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cost of deposits was 3.49% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 3.36% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2.13% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in net interest income compared to December 31, 2023, was a result of increased interest income due to an increase in average loans receivable partially offset by an increase in cost of deposits as a result of higher interest rates and competitive pressures. The increase in net interest income compared to March 31, 2023 was largely related to increased yield on loans resulting from higher interest rates and growth in higher yielding loans. Total average loans receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.14 billion, compared to $3.01 billion for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and $2.71 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Interest and fees on loans totaled $84.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $81.2 million and $66.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Total loans, net of deferred fees increased $173.5 million, or 5.7%, during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, which included a $120.3 million increase in CCBX loans and an increase of $53.2 million in community bank loans. The increase in CCBX loans includes an increase of $52.3 million, or 6.4%, in consumer and other loans and an increase of $48.2 million, or 55.1%, in capital call lines as a result of normal balance fluctuations and business activities. We continue to monitor and manage the CCBX loan portfolio, and sold $100.5 million in CCBX loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 to reduce credit exposure in certain loan categories and manage credit risk. We continue to reposition ourselves by managing CCBX credit and concentration levels in an effort to optimize our loan portfolio and we will continue growing the CCBX portfolio in future quarters with loans that have lower potential risk of credit deterioration and are more aligned with our long term objectives. The increase in interest and fees on loans compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023 was largely due to loan growth. The increase compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was largely due to growth in higher yielding loans and increased interest rates. The FOMC has increased rates 1.00% since December 31, 2022 and last raised the target Federal Funds rate 0.25% on July 26, 2023.

Interest income from interest earning deposits with other banks was $4.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 a decrease of $907,000 compared to December 31, 2023 due to a decrease in average balance and an increase of $1.7 million compared to March 31, 2023 due to an increase in average balance and higher interest rates. The average balance of interest earning deposits with other banks for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $350.9 million, compared to $413.1 million and $271.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The average yield on these interest earning deposits with other banks increased to 5.48% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to 5.46% and 4.62% for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

Total interest expense was $29.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, a $1.0 million increase from the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and a $13.9 million increase from the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Interest expense on deposits was $28.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $27.9 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and $15.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Interest expense on interest bearing deposits increased $1.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and $13.9 million compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as a result of an increase in CCBX deposits that are tied to, and reprice when the FOMC raises rates. Similarly, most of our CCBX loans also reprice when the FOMC raises interest rates. Interest expense on borrowed funds was $669,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $670,000 and $662,000 for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The $7,000 increase in interest expense on borrowed funds from the quarter ended March 31, 2023 is the result of an increase in interest rates.

Total cost of deposits was 3.49% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 3.36% for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and 2.13%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Community bank and CCBX cost of deposits were 1.66% and 4.93% respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 1.57% and 4.90%, for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and 0.66% and 3.89% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in cost of deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior periods for both segments is a result of the continued higher interest rate environment. While we continue working to hold down deposit costs, the higher interest rate environment has impacted our cost of deposits and resulted in higher interest expense on interest bearing deposits as we work to retain and grow our community bank deposits and CCBX deposits continue to grow as a percent of total deposits.

Net Interest Margin

Net interest margin was 6.78% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 6.61% and 7.15% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The increase in net interest margin compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to higher loan yields and the decrease compared to March 31, 2023 was largely due to an increase in cost of deposits. Increases in rates on interest bearing deposits by our competitors and the growth in higher cost CCBX deposits contributed to an overall increase in interest expense on interest bearing deposits. Additionally, the actions we took in an effort to strengthen our balance sheet by selling higher risk and higher yielding loans or letting such loans mature during the quarters ended September 30, 2023, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 will continue to impact net interest margin in future quarters. Interest and fees on loans receivable increased $3.5 million, or 4.3%, to $84.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $81.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and increased $18.2 million, or 27.4%, compared to $66.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to an increase in outstanding balances and higher interest rates. Compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, there was a $1.7 million increase in interest on interest earning deposits held at other financial institutions. These interest earning deposits earned an average rate of 5.48% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to 5.46% and 4.62% for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Average investment securities decreased $34.3 million to $115.4 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023 and increased $13.1 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of $100.0 million in AFS U.S. Treasury securities that matured during the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Interest on investment securities decreased $191,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the maturing Treasury securities. Interest on total investment securities increased $481,000 compared to March 31, 2023, as a result of increased yield and outstanding balance. These increases in interest income were partially offset by increases in interest expense on interest bearing deposits, as previously discussed.

Cost of funds was 3.52% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, an increase of 13 basis points from the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and an increase of 133 basis points from the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Cost of deposits for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was 3.49%, compared to 3.36% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and 2.13% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The increased cost of funds and deposits compared to December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 was due to the increase in interest rates compared to the previous periods and growth in higher rate CCBX deposits.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, total loans receivable increased by $173.5 million, or 5.7%, to $3.20 billion, compared to $3.03 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. This increase consists of a $120.3 million increase in CCBX loans and $53.1 million in community bank loan growth. Total loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 increased $362.4 million compared to March 31, 2023. This increase includes community bank loan growth of $212.3 million and an increase in CCBX loans of $150.1 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, $100.5 million in CCBX loans were sold and $797,000 in loans were held for sale as of March 31, 2024, and no loans were held for sale at December 31, 2023 or March 31, 2023.

Total yield on loans receivable for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was 10.85%, compared to 10.71% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and 9.95% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, community bank loans increased 2.9%, or $53.1 million, compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, with an average yield of 6.46% and CCBX loans outstanding increased 10.1%, or $120.3 million, compared to December 31, 2023, with an average CCBX yield of 17.34%. The yield on CCBX loans does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans.

The following table summarizes the average yield on loans receivable and cost of deposits for our community bank and CCBX segments for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
	Yield on Loans (2)	Cost of Deposits (2)	Yield on Loans (2)	Cost of Deposits (2)	Yield on Loans (2)	Cost of Deposits (2)
Community Bank	6.46%	1.66%	6.32%	1.57%	5.97%	0.66%
CCBX ⁽¹⁾	17.34%	4.93%	17.36%	4.90%	16.09%	3.89%
Consolidated	10.85%	3.49%	10.71%	3.36%	9.95%	2.13%

⁽¹⁾CCBX yield on loans does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit and fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. To determine Net BaaS loan income earned from CCBX loan relationships, the Company takes BaaS loan interest income and deducts BaaS loan expense to arrive at Net BaaS loan income which can be compared to interest income on the Company's community bank loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.

⁽²⁾Annualized calculations for periods shown.

The following tables illustrates how BaaS loan interest income is affected by BaaS loan expense resulting in net BaaS loan income and the associated yield:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023				March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans ⁽²⁾		Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans⁽²⁾		Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans ⁽²⁾
BaaS loan interest income	$	54,569	17.34	%	$	52,327	17.36	%	$	42,220	16.09	%
Less: BaaS loan expense		24,837	7.89	%		24,310	8.06	%		17,554	6.69	%
Net BaaS loan income⁽¹⁾	$	29,732	9.45	%	$	28,017	9.30	%	$	24,666	9.40	%
Average BaaS Loans⁽³⁾	$	1,265,857			$	1,196,137			$	1,064,192

⁽¹⁾A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth at the end of this earnings release.

⁽²⁾ Annualized calculations shown for quarterly periods presented.

⁽³⁾Includes loans held for sale.

Key Performance Ratios

ROA was 0.73% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to 0.97% and 1.58% for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. ROA for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, was down 0.24% and 0.84%, respectively, as a result of lower margin compared to December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023. Noninterest expenses were higher for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 due to increased salaries and employee benefits, investments in technology, and higher legal and professional expenses. There were a number of unanticipated expenses incurred in the quarter ended March 31, 2024 which impacted earnings. These expenses are detailed at the beginning of this earnings release.

The following table shows the Company's key performance ratios for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended
(unaudited)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023

Return on average assets ⁽¹⁾	0.73	%	0.97	%	1.13	%	1.52	%	1.58	%
Return on average equity ⁽¹⁾	9.21	%	12.35	%	14.60	%	19.53	%	19.89	%
Yield on earnings assets ⁽¹⁾	10.07	%	9.77	%	10.08	%	10.18	%	9.19	%
Yield on loans receivable⁽¹⁾	10.85	%	10.71	%	10.84	%	10.85	%	9.95	%
Cost of funds⁽¹⁾	3.52	%	3.39	%	3.18	%	2.77	%	2.19	%
Cost of deposits ⁽¹⁾	3.49	%	3.36	%	3.14	%	2.72	%	2.13	%
Net interest margin ⁽¹⁾	6.78	%	6.61	%	7.10	%	7.58	%	7.15	%
Noninterest expense to average assets ⁽¹⁾	6.04	%	5.56	%	6.23	%	6.11	%	5.69	%
Noninterest income to average assets⁽¹⁾	9.38	%	6.95	%	3.81	%	6.90	%	6.28	%
Efficiency ratio	37.88	%	41.58	%	58.36	%	42.92	%	43.03	%
Loans receivable to deposits ⁽²⁾	92.42	%	90.05	%	90.19	%	96.23	%	92.55	%

⁽¹⁾Annualized calculations shown for quarterly periods presented.

⁽²⁾Includes loans held for sale.

Noninterest Income

The following table details noninterest income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		2024		2023		2023
Deposit service charges and fees	$	908	$	957	$	910
Loan referral fees		168		—		—
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, net		15		80		39
Gain on sales of loans, net		—		—		123
Other		308		60		299
Noninterest income, excluding BaaS program income and BaaS indemnification income		1,399		1,097		1,371
Servicing and other BaaS fees		1,131		1,015		948
Transaction fees		1,122		1,006		917
Interchange fees		1,539		1,272		789
Reimbursement of expenses		1,033		1,076		921
BaaS program income		4,825		4,369		3,575
BaaS credit enhancements		79,808		58,449		42,362
Baas fraud enhancements		923		779		1,999
BaaS indemnification income		80,731		59,228		44,361
Total BaaS income		85,556		63,597		47,936
Total noninterest income	$	86,955	$	64,694	$	49,307

Noninterest income was $87.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $22.3 million from $64.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and an increase of $37.6 million from $49.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in noninterest income over the quarter ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to an increase of $22.0 million in total BaaS income. The $22.0 million increase in total BaaS income included a $21.4 million increase in BaaS credit enhancements related to the provision for credit losses, a $144,000 increase in BaaS fraud enhancements, and an increase of $456,000 in BaaS program income. The increase in BaaS program income is largely due to higher servicing and other BaaS fees, transaction fees and interchange fees (see "Appendix B" for more information on the accounting for BaaS allowance for credit losses and credit and fraud enhancements). Additionally, loan referral fees increased $168,000 and other income increased $248,000 primarily due to an increase in bank owned life insurance earnings in comparison to lower earnings that resulted from a policy change in the quarter ended December 31, 2023 which depressed earnings. The $37.6 million increase in noninterest income over the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to a $36.4 million increase in BaaS credit and fraud enhancements, an increase of $1.3 million in BaaS program income, an increase of $168,000 in loan referral fees, partially offset by a decrease of $123,000 in gain on sale of loans.

Our CCBX segment continues to evolve, and we have 21 relationships, at varying stages, as of March 31, 2024. We continue to refine the criteria for CCBX partnerships and are exiting relationships where it makes sense and are focusing on larger more established partners, with experienced management teams, existing customer bases and strong financial positions. The sale of CCBX loans during the quarters ended September 30, 2023, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 are part of our strategy to strengthen the balance sheet, reduce credit exposure in certain loan categories and lower the overall potential credit risk in our loan portfolio. These sales resulted in a tighter interest margin in the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as higher quality loans yield less than higher risk loans. The size of our CCBX loan portfolio increased during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and we expect it to continue increasing as we work to grow the portfolio with loans that are subject to increased underwriting standards.

Coastal worked with One and Robinhood to launch two new lending products in Q1 that can reach wide, established customer bases. One launched its offering of point-of-sale installment loans through Walmart. These loans, which can be offered with customer friendly pricing and payment features similar to so-called "Buy Now Pay Later" products, are fully disclosed and offered as standard credit products, avoiding concerns raised with respect to more typical Buy Now Pay Later offerings. Likewise, Robinhood Credit launched a new credit card that will be marketed to Robinhood's customers.

The following table illustrates the activity and evolution in CCBX relationships for the periods presented.

	As of
(unaudited)	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023	March 31, 2023
Active	19	19	18
Friends and family / testing	1	1	1
Implementation / onboarding	1	1	1
Signed letters of intent	0	0	4
Wind down - active but preparing to exit relationship	0	0	1
Total CCBX relationships	21	21	25

The following table details noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

Noninterest Expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		2024		2023		2023
Salaries and employee benefits	$	17,984	$	16,490	$	15,575
Legal and professional expenses		3,672		2,649		3,062
Data processing and software licenses		2,892		2,417		1,840
Occupancy		1,518		1,340		1,219
Point of sale expense		869		899		753
Director and staff expenses		400		478		626
FDIC assessments		683		665		595
Excise taxes		320		449		455
Marketing		53		138		95
Other		1,867		1,089		890
Noninterest expense, excluding BaaS loan and BaaS fraud expense		30,258		26,614		25,110
BaaS loan expense		24,837		24,310		17,554
BaaS fraud expense		923		779		1,999
BaaS loan and fraud expense		25,760		25,089		19,553
Total noninterest expense	$	56,018	$	51,703	$	44,663

Total noninterest expense increased $4.3 million to $56.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $51.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and increased $11.4 million from $44.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to a $671,000 increase in BaaS expense (including a $144,000 increase in BaaS fraud expense an a $527,000 increase in BaaS loan expense), a $1.5 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, a $1.0 million increase in legal and professional expenses, which includes $849,000 in audit and accounting service expenses that were unanticipated, and a $778,000 increase in other expenses largely due to exit costs associated with terminating our relationship with a fraud/compliance vendor of $600,000 and an operational loss of $122,000, which are detailed at the beginning of this earnings release. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements, and originating & servicing CCBX loans. BaaS fraud expense represents non-credit fraud losses on partner's customer loan and deposit accounts. A portion of this expense is realized during the quarter during which the loss occurs, and a portion is estimated based on historical or other information from our partners. Legal and professional fees were higher in the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to increased fees related to data and risk management, building out our infrastructure and increased consulting expenses for projects and enhanced monitoring. The $1.5 million increase in salaries and employee benefits included $343,000 in one time expenses related to additional expense related to retirements and our initiative to manage costs going forward which increased expenses in this period.

The increase in noninterest expenses for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023 were largely due to an increase of $6.2 million in BaaS partner expense (including a $7.3 million increase in BaaS loan expense offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in BaaS fraud expense), $2.4 million increase in salary and employee benefits related to hiring staff for CCBX and additional staff for our ongoing growth initiatives. Additionally, there was a $977,000 increase in other expenses primarily due to unanticipated expenses from exit costs associated with a fraud/compliance vendor of $600,000 and an operational loss of $122,000 which are detailed at the beginning of this earnings release, and a $1.1 million increase in data processing and software licenses due to enhancements in technology and a $116,000 increase in point of sale expenses which is attributed to increased CCBX activity.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, $2.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and $3.0 million for the first quarter of 2023. The income tax provision was lower for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 primarily due to lower net income. The Company is subject to various state taxes that are assessed as CCBX activities and employees expand into other states, which has increased the overall tax rate used in calculating the provision for income taxes in the current and future periods. The Company uses a federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% as a basis for calculating provision for federal income taxes and 2.62% for calculating the provision for state taxes.

Financial Condition Overview

Total assets increased $111.9 million, or 3.0%, to $3.87 billion at March 31, 2024 compared to $3.75 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to a $173.5 million increase in loans receivable combined with a $88,000 increase in other assets and $30.6 million increase in interest earning deposits held at other banks, partially offset by a $99.5 million decrease in AFS securities as such securities matured, $22.3 million increase in the allowance for credit losses and a $29.4 million increase in the credit enhancement asset. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, we sold $100.5 million in CCBX loans as part of our strategy to optimize our CCBX portfolio, reduce credit exposure in certain loan categories and strengthen the balance sheet by replacing loans sold with higher credit quality originated loans with enhanced credit standards, compared to $125.1 million sold during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. There were $797,000 loans held for sale at March 31, 2024 and no loans held for sale as of December 31, 2023.

Total assets increased $414.2 million, or 12.0%, to $3.87 billion at March 31, 2024, compared to $3.45 billion at March 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to loans receivable increasing $362.4 million, a $126.1 million increase in interest earning deposits with other banks, partially offset by an increase of $29.4 million in the credit enhancement asset and a decrease of $51.6 million in investment securities compared to March 31, 2023.

Loans Receivable

Total loans receivable increased $173.5 million to $3.20 billion at March 31, 2024, from $3.03 billion at December 31, 2023, and increased $362.4 million from $2.84 billion at March 31, 2023. The increase in loans receivable over the quarter ended December 31, 2023 was the result of an increase of $120.3 million in CCBX loans as we work to build back this portfolio with new loans, subject to enhanced credit standards, following several periods of shrinking this portfolio to optimize our balance sheet, and a $53.1 million increase in community bank loans. We continue to monitor and manage the CCBX loan portfolio, and sold $100.5 million in CCBX loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 as part of our plan to optimize and strengthen the balance sheet and reduce and manage credit risk. The change in loans receivable over the quarter ended March 31, 2023 includes CCBX loan growth of $150.1 million and community bank loan growth of $212.3 million as of March 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the loan portfolio at the period indicated:

Consolidated	As of March 31, 2024					As of December 31, 2023					As of March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines	$	135,671		4.2	%	$	87,494		2.9	%	$	118,796		4.2	%
All other commercial & industrial loans		201,555		6.3			203,800		6.7			207,542		7.3
Total commercial and industrial loans:		337,226		10.5			291,294		9.6			326,338		11.5
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development		160,862		5.0			157,100		5.2			206,635		7.3
Residential real estate		496,305		15.5			463,426		15.3			455,507		16.0
Commercial real estate		1,342,489		41.9			1,303,533		43.0			1,102,771		38.8
Consumer and other loans		870,134		27.1			818,039		26.9			752,528		26.4
Gross loans receivable		3,207,016		100.0	%		3,033,392		100.0	%		2,843,779		100.0	%
Net deferred origination fees		(7,462	)				(7,300	)				(6,575	)
Loans receivable	$	3,199,554				$	3,026,092				$	2,837,204
Loan Yield ⁽¹⁾		10.85	%				10.71	%				9.95	%

⁽¹⁾Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

Please see Appendix A for additional loan portfolio detail regarding industry concentrations.

The following tables detail the community bank and CCBX loans which are included in the total loan portfolio table above.

Community Bank	As of
	March 31, 2024					December 31, 2023					March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	154,395		8.2	%	$	149,502		8.2	%	$	158,873		9.5	%
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development loans		160,862		8.5			157,100		8.5			206,635		12.3
Residential real estate loans		231,157		12.2			225,391		12.3			206,140		12.3
Commercial real estate loans		1,342,489		71.0			1,303,533		70.9			1,102,771		65.7
Consumer and other loans:
Other consumer and other loans		1,447		0.1			1,628		0.1			2,860		0.2
Gross Community Bank loans receivable		1,890,350		100.0	%		1,837,154		100.0	%		1,677,279		100.0	%
Net deferred origination fees		(7,068	)				(7,000	)				(6,265	)
Loans receivable	$	1,883,282				$	1,830,154				$	1,671,014
Loan Yield⁽¹⁾		6.46	%				6.32	%				5.97	%

⁽¹⁾Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

CCBX	As of
	March 31, 2024					December 31, 2023					March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines	$	135,671		10.3	%	$	87,494		7.3	%	$	118,796		10.2	%
All other commercial & industrial loans		47,160		3.6			54,298		4.5			48,669		4.1
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		265,148		20.1			238,035		19.9			249,367		21.4
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		505,706		38.4			505,837		42.3			318,187		27.3
Other consumer and other loans		362,981		27.6			310,574		26.0			431,481		37.0
Gross CCBX loans receivable		1,316,666		100.0	%		1,196,238		100.0	%		1,166,500		100.0	%
Net deferred origination (fees) costs		(394	)				(300	)				(310	)
Loans receivable	$	1,316,272				$	1,195,938				$	1,166,190
Loan Yield - CCBX ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		17.34	%				17.36	%				16.09	%

⁽¹⁾CCBX yield does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.

⁽²⁾Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

Deposits

Total deposits increased $102.6 million, or 3.1%, to $3.46 billion at March 31, 2024 from $3.36 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase was due to a $105.9 million increase in core deposits, partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in time deposits. Deposits in our CCBX segment increased $166.2 million, from $1.86 billion at December 31, 2023, to $2.03 billion at March 31, 2024 and community bank deposits decreased $63.6 million from $1.50 billion at December 31, 2023, to $1.43 billion at March 31, 2024. The decrease in community bank deposits is a result of managing our deposit rates during the quarter and letting some of our higher rate deposits run-off. We are comfortable with our pricing discipline and letting some of the higher rate community bank deposits run-off because we believe that we have adequate funding access through our CCBX deposits, and despite the generally higher cost of deposits, these CCBX deposits are typically less costly than raising our rates to meet competitors' rates, brokered funds or borrowing rates. We are working to retain and grow our community bank deposits and will continue to do so in future quarters when interest rates are lower and customers are less rate sensitive. CCBX deposits continue to grow as a percent of total deposits. The deposits from our CCBX segment are predominately classified as interest bearing demand and money market accounts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, noninterest bearing deposits decreased $51.1 million, or 8.2%, to $574.1 million from $625.2 million at December 31, 2023. Community bank noninterest bearing deposits totaled $515.4 million or 35.9% of total community bank deposits and CCBX noninterest bearing deposits totaled $58.7 million, or 2.9% of total CCBX deposits. In the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, interest bearing demand and money market accounts increased $159.4 million, savings deposits decreased $2.5 million, and time deposits decreased $3.2 million. Included in total deposits is $336.8 million in IntraFi network reciprocal interest bearing demand and money market accounts as of March 31, 2024, which provides our larger deposit customers with fully insured deposits through a reciprocal agreement with other banks. Uninsured deposits decreased to $495.6 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to $558.6 million as of December 31, 2023.

Total deposits increased $367.8 million, or 11.9%, to $3.46 billion at March 31, 2024 compared to $3.10 billion at March 31, 2023. The increase is largely the result of growth in CCBX deposits. Noninterest bearing deposits decreased $187.7 million, or 24.6%, to $574.1 million at March 31, 2024 from $761.8 million at March 31, 2023 as a result of customer movement from noninterest to interest bearing accounts. Interest bearing demand and money market accounts increased $592.5 million, or 26.8%, to $2.80 billion at March 31, 2024, and savings deposits decreased $25.2 million, or 25.3%, and time deposits decreased $11.9 million, or 44.1%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023. Deposits in our CCBX segment increased $465.1 million, from $1.56 billion at March 31, 2023, to $2.03 billion at March 31, 2024 and community bank deposits decreased $97.4 million, from $1.53 billion at March 31, 2023, to $1.43 billion at March 31, 2024. The deposits from our CCBX segment are predominately classified as interest bearing demand and money market accounts. Uninsured deposits decreased to $495.6 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to $768.3 million as of March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of increased usage of our cash sweep and exchange services to other banks for increased FDIC insurance coverage as described below.

Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, $92.2 million in CCBX customer deposits were transferred off the Bank's balance sheet to other financial institutions on a daily basis for additional FDIC insurance coverage. Efforts to retain and grow core deposits are evidenced by the high ratios in these categories when compared to total deposits.

The following table summarizes the deposit portfolio for the periods indicated.

Consolidated	As of March 31, 2024					As of December 31, 2023					As of March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Amount			Percent of Total Deposits		Balance			Percent of Total Deposits		Balance			Percent of Total Deposits
Demand, noninterest bearing	$	574,112		16.6	%	$	625,202		18.6	%	$	761,800		24.6	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		2,799,667		80.9			2,640,240		78.6			2,207,121		71.3
Savings		74,085		2.1			76,562		2.3			99,241		3.2
Total core deposits		3,447,864		99.6			3,342,004		99.5			3,068,162		99.1
Brokered deposits		1		0.0			1		0.0			1		—
Time deposits less than $100,000		7,199		0.2			8,109		0.2			11,343		0.4
Time deposits $100,000 and over		7,915		0.2			10,249		0.3			15,717		0.5
Total	$	3,462,979		100.0	%	$	3,360,363		100.0	%	$	3,095,223		100.0	%
Cost of deposits ⁽¹⁾		3.49	%				3.36	%				2.13	%

⁽¹⁾Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.

The following tables detail the community bank and CCBX deposits which are included in the total deposit portfolio table above.

Community Bank	As of
	March 31, 2024					December 31, 2023					March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing	$	515,443		35.9	%	$	561,572		37.5	%	$	664,452		43.4	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		834,725		58.2			846,072		56.5			743,548		48.6
Savings		68,747		4.8			71,598		4.8			96,330		6.3
Total core deposits		1,418,915		98.9			1,479,242		98.8			1,504,330		98.3
Brokered deposits		1		0.0			1		0.0			1		0.0
Time deposits less than $100,000		7,199		0.5			8,109		0.5			11,343		0.7
Time deposits $100,000 and over		7,915		0.6			10,249		0.7			15,717		1.0
Total Community Bank deposits	$	1,434,030		100.0	%	$	1,497,601		100.0	%	$	1,531,391		100.0	%
Cost of deposits⁽¹⁾		1.66	%				1.57	%				0.66	%

⁽¹⁾Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.

CCBX	As of
	March 31, 2024					December 31, 2023					March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total		Balance			% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing	$	58,669		2.9	%	$	63,630		3.4	%	$	97,348		6.2	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		1,964,942		96.8			1,794,168		96.3			1,463,573		93.6
Savings		5,338		0.3			4,964		0.3			2,911		0.2
Total core deposits		2,028,949		100.0			1,862,762		100.0			1,563,832		100.0
BaaS-brokered deposits		—		0.0			—		0.0			—		—
Total CCBX deposits	$	2,028,949		100.0	%	$	1,862,762		100.0	%	$	1,563,832		100.0	%
Cost of deposits ⁽¹⁾		4.93	%				4.90	%				3.89	%

⁽¹⁾Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.

Borrowings

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had the capacity to borrow up to a total of $659.5 million from the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and Federal Home Loan Bank, and an additional $50.0 million from a correspondent bank, with no borrowings outstanding on these lines as of March 31, 2024.

Shareholders' Equity

The Company had a cash balance of $5.3 million as of March 31, 2024, which is retained for general operating purposes, including debt repayment, and for funding $643,000 in commitments to bank technology funds.

Total shareholders' equity increased $8.7 million since December 31, 2023. The increase in shareholders' equity was primarily due to $6.8 million in net earnings, combined with a decrease in the unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities of $467,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Capital Ratios

The Company and the Bank remained well capitalized at March 31, 2024, as summarized in the following table.

(unaudited)	Coastal Community Bank		Coastal Financial Corporation		Minimum Well Capitalized Ratios under Prompt Corrective Action ⁽¹⁾
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)	9.19	%	8.24	%	5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	10.14	%	8.98	%	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	10.14	%	9.08	%	8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.43	%	11.70	%	10.00	%

⁽¹⁾Presents the minimum capital ratios for an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, to be considered well capitalized under the Prompt Corrective Action framework. The minimum requirements for the Company to be considered well capitalized under Regulation Y include to maintain, on a consolidated basis, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0 percent or greater and a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0 percent or greater.

Asset Quality

The total allowance for credit losses was $139.3 million and 4.35% of loans receivable at March 31, 2024 compared to $117.0 million and 3.86% at December 31, 2023 and $89.1 million and 3.14% at March 31, 2023. The allowance for credit loss allocated to the CCBX portfolio was $117.9 million and 8.96% of CCBX loans receivable at March 31, 2024, with $21.4 million of allowance for credit loss allocated to the community bank or 1.14% of total community bank loans receivable.

The following table details the allocation of the allowance for credit loss as of the period indicated:

	As of March 31, 2024									As of December 31, 2023									As of March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total
Loans receivable	$	1,883,282		$	1,316,272		$	3,199,554		$	1,830,154		$	1,195,938		$	3,026,092		$	1,671,014		$	1,166,190		$	2,837,204
Allowance for credit losses		(21,384	)		(117,874	)		(139,258	)		(21,595	)		(95,363	)		(116,958	)		(20,708	)		(68,415	)		(89,123	)
Allowance for credit losses to total loans receivable		1.14	%		8.96	%		4.35	%		1.18	%		7.97	%		3.86	%		1.24	%		5.87	%		3.14	%

Provision for credit losses - loans totaled $79.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, $60.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and $43.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net charge-offs totaled $57.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to $44.9 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 and $32.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Provisions for credit losses – loans and net charge-offs increased due to an increase in CCBX loans receivable which have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, as reflected in the factors for allowance for credit losses . CCBX partner agreements provide for a credit enhancement that covers the net-charge-offs on CCBX loans and negative deposit accounts by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses, except in accordance with the program agreement for one partner where the Company was responsible for credit losses on approximately 10% of a $317.8 million loan portfolio. Effective April 1, 2024, the agreement changed and the Company is responsible for 5% of the credit losses on this loan portfolio. At March 31, 2024, our portion of this portfolio represented $32.0 million in loans. The provision on the Company's portion of the portfolio was $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and $770,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. While this portfolio of partner loans for which we are fully responsible remains profitable, the provision for credit losses has increased compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023 both from growth in the portfolio and a higher loss rate. In response, and working with the partner, we have strengthened our underwriting standards. Our allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2024 was based on 5% of the balance outstanding that the Company is now responsible for, in accordance with the updated and signed agreement.

Net charge-offs for this $32.0 million in loans were $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and $590,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table details net charge-offs for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024									December 31, 2023									March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total
Gross charge-offs	$	15		$	58,979		$	58,994		$	2		$	47,650		$	47,652		$	50		$	34,117		$	34,167
Gross recoveries		(4	)		(1,772	)		(1,776	)		(4	)		(2,777	)		(2,781	)		(5	)		(1,860	)		(1,865	)
Net charge-offs	$	11		$	57,207		$	57,218		$	(2	)	$	44,873		$	44,871		$	45		$	32,257		$	32,302
Net charge-offs to average loans ⁽¹⁾		0.00	%		18.18	%		7.34	%		0.00	%		14.88	%		5.92	%		0.01	%		12.29	%		4.84	%

⁽¹⁾Annualized calculations shown for periods presented.

The increase in the Company's provision for credit losses - loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, is a result of an increase in loans receivable. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, a $79.7 million provision for credit losses - loans was recorded for CCBX partner loans based on management's analysis, compared to the $60.5 million provision for credit losses - loans that was recorded for CCBX for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, as a result of an increase in CCBX loans receivable. CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses.

In the quarter ended March 31, 2024, management re-evaluated and updated its assumptions to more accurately reflect the risk of unfunded commitments and to better reflect the loss rate of the community bank portfolio overall. As a result, management increased the unfunded commitment provision for the community bank by $2.2 million. The allowance for the community bank loan portfolio was reduced as a result of the continued strong performance of the community bank portfolio, which primarily offset the increase in the unfunded commitment provision.

In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans and reclassified negative deposit accounts. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments is recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is relieved when credit enhancement recoveries are received from the CCBX partner. If our partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to additional credit losses. Management regularly evaluates and manages this counterparty risk.

The factors used in management's analysis for community bank credit losses indicated that a provision recapture of $199,000 and was needed for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and a provision of $277,000 and $428,000 was needed for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table details the provision expense/(recapture) for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Community bank	$	(199	)	$	277	$	428
CCBX		79,717			60,467		43,116
Total provision expense	$	79,518		$	60,744	$	43,544

At March 31, 2024, our nonperforming assets were $54.9 million, or 1.42% of total assets, compared to $53.8 million, or 1.43%, of total assets, at December 31, 2023, and $31.5 million, or 0.91% of total assets, at March 31, 2023. These ratios are impacted by CCBX loans over 90 days delinquent that are covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements. As of March 31, 2024, $44.3 million of the $46.9 million in nonperforming CCBX loans were covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements described above. Nonperforming assets increased $1.0 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, due to a $399,000 increase in CCBX loans that are past due 90 days or more and still accruing combined with a $628,000 increase in community bank nonaccrual loans. As a result of the type of loans (primarily consumer loans) originated through our CCBX partners we anticipate that balances 90 days past due or more and still accruing will increase as those loan portfolios grow. Installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners will continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and are reported as substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. Community bank nonaccrual loans increased with the addition of two nonaccrual loans, partially offset by two payoffs. There were no repossessed assets or other real estate owned at March 31, 2024. Our nonperforming loans to loans receivable ratio was 1.71% at March 31, 2024, compared to 1.78% at December 31, 2023, and 1.11% at March 31, 2023.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were $11,000 community bank net recoveries and $7.9 million nonperforming community bank loans, including a multifamily loan for $6.9 million with a $1.1 million reserve to align with purchase sale agreement (see the unanticipated expenses table at the beginning of this earnings release). For the quarter ended March 31, 2024 $57.2 million in net charge-offs were recorded on CCBX loans. These CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses.

The following table details the Company's nonperforming assets for the periods indicated.

Consolidated
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	As of March 31, 2024			As of December 31, 2023			As of March 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	—		$	—		$	15
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development		—			—			66
Residential real estate		212			170			—
Commercial real estate		7,731			7,145			6,901
Total nonaccrual loans		7,943			7,315			6,982
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans		1,793			2,086			187
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		1,796			1,115			946
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		37,603			34,835			17,772
Other consumer and other loans		5,731			8,488			5,657
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		46,923			46,524			24,562
Total nonperforming loans		54,866			53,839			31,544
Real estate owned		—			—			—
Repossessed assets		—			—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	54,866		$	53,839		$	31,544
Total nonaccrual loans to loans receivable		0.25	%		0.24	%		0.25	%
Total nonperforming loans to loans receivable		1.71	%		1.78	%		1.11	%
Total nonperforming assets to total assets		1.42	%		1.43	%		0.91	%

The following tables detail the community bank and CCBX nonperforming assets which are included in the total nonperforming assets table above.

Community Bank	As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	—	$	—	$	15
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development		—		—		66
Residential real estate		212		170		—
Commercial real estate		7,731		7,145		6,901
Total nonaccrual loans		7,943		7,315		6,982
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—		—		—
Total nonperforming loans		7,943		7,315		6,982
Other real estate owned		—		—		—
Repossessed assets		—		—		—
Total nonperforming assets	$	7,943	$	7,315	$	6,982

CCBX	As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans	$	—	$	—	$	—
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans		1,793		2,086		187
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		1,796		1,115		946
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		37,603		34,835		17,772
Other consumer and other loans		5,731		8,488		5,657
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		46,923		46,524		24,562
Total nonperforming loans		46,923		46,524		24,562
Other real estate owned		—		—		—
Repossessed assets		—		—		—
Total nonperforming assets	$	46,923	$	46,524	$	24,562

About Coastal Financial

Coastal Financial Corporation (NASDAQ:CCB) (the "Company"), is an Everett, Washington based bank holding company whose wholly owned subsidiaries are Coastal Community Bank ("Bank") and Arlington Olympic LLC. The $3.87 billion Bank provides service through 14 branches in Snohomish, Island, and King Counties, the Internet and its mobile banking application. The Bank provides banking as a service to broker-dealers, digital financial service providers, companies and brands that want to provide financial services to their customers through the Bank's CCBX segment. To learn more about the Company visit www.coastalbank.com.

CCB-ER

Contact

Eric Sprink, Chief Executive Officer, (425) 357-3659

Joel Edwards, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, (425) 357-3687

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. Any statements about our management's expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as "anticipate," "believes," "can," "could," "may," "predicts," "potential," "should," "will," "estimate," "plans," "projects," "continuing," "ongoing," "expects," "intends" and similar words or phrases. Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this earnings release may turn out to be inaccurate. The inclusion of or reference to forward-looking information in this earnings release should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent period filed and in any of our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.


COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

ASSETS
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2023
Cash and due from banks	$	32,790		$	31,345		$	37,676
Interest earning deposits with other banks		482,338			451,783			356,240
Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value		41			99,504			97,999
Investment securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost		50,049			50,860			3,705
Other investments		10,583			10,227			11,346
Loans held for sale		797			—			27,292
Loans receivable		3,199,554			3,026,092			2,837,204
Allowance for credit losses		(139,258	)		(116,958	)		(89,123	)
Total loans receivable, net		3,060,296			2,909,134			2,748,081
CCBX credit enhancement asset		137,276			107,921			76,395
CCBX receivable		10,369			9,088			13,681
Premises and equipment, net		22,995			22,090			18,030
Operating lease right-of-use assets		5,756			5,932			4,812
Accrued interest receivable		24,681			26,819			19,321
Bank-owned life insurance, net		12,991			12,870			12,761
Deferred tax asset, net		2,221			3,806			20,527
Other assets		12,075			11,987			3,167
Total assets	$	3,865,258		$	3,753,366		$	3,451,033

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	3,462,979		$	3,360,363		$	3,095,223
Subordinated debt, net		44,181			44,144			44,031
Junior subordinated debentures, net		3,590			3,590			3,588
Deferred compensation		442			479			582
Accrued interest payable		1,061			892			874
Operating lease liabilities		5,946			6,124			5,022
CCBX payable		33,095			33,651			30,794
Other liabilities		10,255			9,145			12,156
Total liabilities		3,561,549			3,458,388			3,192,270

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock		131,601			130,136			127,447
Retained earnings		172,110			165,311			133,123
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(2	)		(469	)		(1,807	)
Total shareholders' equity		303,709			294,978			258,763
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	3,865,258		$	3,753,366		$	3,451,033


COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2023
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Interest and fees on loans	$	84,621		$	81,159		$	66,431
Interest on interest earning deposits with other banks		4,780			5,687			3,097
Interest on investment securities		1,034			1,225			553
Dividends on other investments		37			172			30
Total interest income		90,472			88,243			70,111
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits		28,867			27,916			14,958
Interest on borrowed funds		669			670			662
Total interest expense		29,536			28,586			15,620
Net interest income		60,936			59,657			54,491
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES		83,158			60,789			43,697
Net interest income/(expense) after provision for credit losses		(22,222	)		(1,132	)		10,794
NONINTEREST INCOME
Deposit service charges and fees		908			957			910
Loan referral fees		168			—			—
Gain on sales of loans, net		—			—			123
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, net		15			80			39
Other income		308			60			299
Noninterest income, excluding BaaS program income and BaaS indemnification income		1,399			1,097			1,371
Servicing and other BaaS fees		1,131			1,015			948
Transaction fees		1,122			1,006			917
Interchange fees		1,539			1,272			789
Reimbursement of expenses		1,033			1,076			921
BaaS program income		4,825			4,369			3,575
BaaS credit enhancements		79,808			58,449			42,362
BaaS fraud enhancements		923			779			1,999
BaaS indemnification income		80,731			59,228			44,361
Total noninterest income		86,955			64,694			49,307
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits		17,984			16,490			15,575
Occupancy		1,518			1,340			1,219
Data processing and software licenses		2,892			2,417			1,840
Legal and professional expenses		3,672			2,649			3,062
Point of sale expense		869			899			753
Excise taxes		320			449			455
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") assessments		683			665			595
Director and staff expenses		400			478			626
Marketing		53			138			95
Other expense		1,867			1,089			890
Noninterest expense, excluding BaaS loan and BaaS fraud expense		30,258			26,614			25,110
BaaS loan expense		24,837			24,310			17,554
BaaS fraud expense		923			779			1,999
BaaS loan and fraud expense		25,760			25,089			19,553
Total noninterest expense		56,018			51,703			44,663
Income before provision for income taxes		8,715			11,859			15,438
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		1,915			2,847			3,047
NET INCOME	$	6,800		$	9,012		$	12,391
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.51		$	0.68		$	0.94
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.50		$	0.66		$	0.91
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		13,340,997			13,286,828			13,196,960
Diluted		13,676,917			13,676,513			13,609,491


COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – QUARTERLY (Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024							December 31, 2023							March 31, 2023
	Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits with other banks	$	350,868		$	4,780	5.48	%	$	413,127		$	5,687	5.46	%	$	271,700		$	3,097	4.62	%
Investment securities, available for sale ⁽²⁾		64,878			349	2.16			100,204			546	2.16			100,273			535	2.16
Investment securities, held to maturity ⁽²⁾		50,490			685	5.46			49,469			679	5.45			1,955			18	3.73
Other investments		10,262			37	1.45			11,683			172	5.84			10,633			30	1.14
Loans receivable⁽³⁾		3,137,271			84,621	10.85			3,007,289			81,159	10.71			2,708,177			66,431	9.95
Total interest earning assets		3,613,769			90,472	10.07			3,581,772			88,243	9.77			3,092,738			70,111	9.19
Noninterest earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses		(114,985	)						(95,391	)						(81,086	)
Other noninterest earning assets		229,437							204,052							172,161
Total assets	$	3,728,221						$	3,690,433						$	3,183,813

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	$	2,728,884		$	28,867	4.25	%	$	2,660,235		$	27,916	4.16	%	$	2,070,217		$	14,958	2.93	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		5			—	—			1			—	—			—			—	—
Subordinated debt		44,159			598	5.45			44,121			598	5.38			44,010			599	5.52
Junior subordinated debentures		3,590			71	7.95			3,590			72	7.96			3,588			63	7.12
Total interest bearing liabilities		2,776,638			29,536	4.28			2,707,947			28,586	4.19			2,117,815			15,620	2.99
Noninterest bearing deposits		595,693							640,424							775,940
Other liabilities		58,829							52,450							37,448
Total shareholders' equity		297,061							289,612							252,610
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	3,728,221						$	3,690,433						$	3,183,813
Net interest income				$	60,936						$	59,657						$	54,491
Interest rate spread						5.79	%						5.59	%						6.20	%
Net interest margin⁽⁴⁾						6.78	%						6.61	%						7.15	%

⁽¹⁾Yields and costs are annualized.

⁽²⁾For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

⁽³⁾Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

⁽⁴⁾Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by the average total interest earning assets.


COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION SELECTED AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – BY SEGMENT - QUARTERLY (Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023						March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾
Community Bank
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable ⁽²⁾	$	1,871,414	$	30,052	6.46	%	$	1,811,152	$	28,832	6.32	%	$	1,643,985	$	24,211	5.97	%
Total interest earning assets		1,871,414		30,052	6.46			1,811,152		28,832	6.32			1,643,985		24,211	5.97
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits		922,340		6,013	2.62	%		951,148		6,090	2.54	%		853,152		2,534	1.20	%
Intrabank liability		410,993		5,599	5.48			275,995		3,799	5.46			94,668		1,079	4.62
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,333,333		11,612	3.50			1,227,143		9,889	3.20			947,820		3,613	1.55
Noninterest bearing deposits		538,081						584,009						696,166
Net interest income			$	18,440					$	18,943					$	20,598
Net interest margin⁽³⁾					3.96	%					4.15	%					5.08	%

CCBX
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	$	1,265,857	$	54,569	17.34	%	$	1,196,137	$	52,327	17.36	%	$	1,064,192	$	42,220	16.09	%
Intrabank asset		598,299		8,151	5.48

Coastal Financial Corporation Announces First Quarter 2024 Results