For the quarter ended June 30, 2023:
- Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums of $1.6 billion, a 3% decrease YoY
- Premiums earned of $1.5 billion, a 48% increase YoY
- Medical Loss Ratio of 79.9%, a 230 bps improvement YoY
- Net loss of ($15.4) million, an improvement of $96.7 million YoY
- Adjusted EBITDA of $35.6 million, an improvement of $111.4 million YoY
- InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio of 16.7%, a 280 bps improvement YoY
- InsuranceCo Combined Ratio of 96.7%, a 500 bps improvement YoY
- Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio of 19.5%, a 420 bps improvement YoY

Health tech company Oscar Health, Inc. (NYSE:OSCR) today announced its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023.

"Our strong second quarter results demonstrate that our pricing discipline, renewed operational focus, and solid execution are driving meaningful impact across our business," said Mark Bertolini, CEO of Oscar. "Based on strong year-to-date performance, we now expect to be towards the low-end of our MLR guidance and high-end of our full year Adjusted EBITDA guidance. We remain on track to deliver on our profitability targets and I am pleased with our progress to date."

Total Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums were $1.6 billion in the quarter, down 3% year-over-year ("YoY"), driven primarily by lower membership, partially offset by rate increases. Premiums earned in the quarter were up 48% YoY, driven primarily by lower risk transfer per member as a percent of premiums, and the impact of deposit accounting for quota share reinsurance agreements.

Oscar's InsuranceCo Combined Ratio, which is the sum of its Medical Loss Ratio ("MLR") and the InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio, improved 500 bps YoY to 96.7%, reflecting a consolidated profit across the insurance companies, driven by both an improved MLR and administrative cost efficiencies. Specifically, the MLR improved 230 bps YoY to 79.9%, due to a disciplined pricing strategy and total cost of care initiatives. The InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio improved 280 bps YoY to 16.7%, driven primarily by lower distribution expenses.

The Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio improved 420 bps YoY to 19.5%, driven primarily by lower distribution expenses, variable expense efficiencies, and higher investment income. Adjusted EBITDA of $35.6 million significantly improved by $111.4 million YoY, and also improved as a percentage of premiums before ceded reinsurance by 8 points as compared to the prior period. Net loss of ($15.4) million improved by $96.7 million YoY, and decreased as a percentage of premiums before ceded reinsurance by 7 points YoY.

Oscar is reaffirming its full year 2023 outlook across all metrics as provided in its financial results press release dated February 9, 2023, with MLR now projected to be towards the low-end of the 82% - 84% range and Adjusted EBITDA¹ projected to be towards the high-end of the ($175) million - ($75) million range, towards a ($75) million loss.

Effective August 14, 2023, Oscar's current Chief Transformation Officer, R. Scott Blackley, will transition to the role of Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Blackley will oversee treasury, actuarial, financial reporting, capital management and investor relations functions. Oscar's current Chief Financial Officer and Board Member, Sid Sankaran, will step down effective August 13, 2023, and will maintain his position on the Board.

______________________________
¹		See "Non-GAAP Financial Information" below.

Financial Results Summary

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Premiums before ceded reinsurance	$	1,484,538		$	1,368,477		$	2,910,800		$	2,683,541
Reinsurance premiums ceded		(9,572	)		(373,882	)		(7,208	)		(733,545	)
Premiums earned	$	1,474,966		$	994,595		$	2,903,592		$	1,949,996
Total revenue	$	1,521,535		$	1,017,319		$	2,991,220		$	1,990,084
Total operating expenses	$	1,528,064		$	1,123,806		$	3,023,114		$	2,165,100
Net loss	$	(15,425	)	$	(112,125	)	$	(55,053	)	$	(189,445	)

Key Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums (in thousands)	$	1,645,169		$	1,694,927		$	3,364,578		$	3,376,138
Medical Loss Ratio		79.9	%		82.2	%		78.2	%		79.9	%
InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio		16.7	%		19.5	%		17.7	%		19.7	%
InsuranceCo Combined Ratio		96.7	%		101.7	%		95.8	%		99.6	%
Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio		19.5	%		23.7	%		20.6	%		23.7	%
Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ (in thousands)	$	35,572		$	(75,805	)	$	86,640		$	(112,845	)

(1)

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. See "Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics - Adjusted EBITDA" in this release for a reconciliation to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, and for information regarding Oscar's use of Adjusted EBITDA.


	As of June 30,
*Membership by Offering*	2023	2022
Individual and Small Group	900,228	986,017
Medicare Advantage	1,843	4,658
Cigna + Oscar⁽¹⁾	68,472	46,045
Total Members	970,543	1,036,720

(1)

Represents total membership for Oscar's co-branded partnership with Cigna.

Quarterly Conference Call Details

Oscar will host a conference call to discuss the financial results today, August 8, 2023, at 5:00 p.m. (ET). A live audio webcast and a supplemental presentation will be available via the Investor Relations page of Oscar's website at ir.hioscar.com. A replay of the webcast will be available for on-demand listening shortly after the completion of the call, at the same web link, and will remain available for approximately 90 days.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

This release presents Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial metric, which is provided as a complement to the results provided in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial information to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is provided in the accompanying tables found at the end of this release. Oscar has not provided a quantitative reconciliation of forecasted Adjusted EBITDA to forecasted GAAP net loss within this press release because Oscar is unable, without making unreasonable efforts, to calculate certain reconciling items with confidence. These items include, but are not limited to, stock-based compensation expense. These items, which could materially affect the computation of forecasted GAAP net loss, are inherently uncertain and depend on various factors, some of which are outside of Oscar's control. As such, any associated estimate and its impact on GAAP net loss could vary materially. For more information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, please see "Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics" below.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained herein are forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial outlook and estimates, including direct and assumed policy premiums, medical loss ratio, administrative expense ratio, Adjusted EBITDA and other financial performance metrics, and the related underlying assumptions, our business and financial prospects, and our management's plans and objectives for future operations, expectations and business strategy. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "targets," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following: our ability to execute our strategy and manage our growth effectively; our ability to retain and expand our member base; heightened competition in the markets in which we participate; our ability to accurately estimate our incurred medical expenses or effectively manage our medical costs or related administrative costs; our ability to achieve or maintain profitability in the future; changes in federal or state laws or regulations, including changes with respect to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, as amended (collectively, the "ACA") and any regulations enacted thereunder; our ability to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, including capital reserve and surplus requirements and applicable performance standards; changes or developments in the health insurance markets in the United States, including passage and implementation of a law to create a single-payer or government-run health insurance program; our ability to comply with applicable privacy, security, and data laws, regulations, and standards, including as a result of our participation in government-sponsored programs, such as Medicare; our ability to arrange for the delivery of quality care and maintain good relations with the physicians, hospitals, and other providers within and outside our provider networks; unanticipated results of risk adjustment programs; our ability to utilize quota share reinsurance to reduce our capital and surplus requirements and protect against downside risk on medical claims; unfavorable or otherwise costly outcomes of lawsuits and claims that arise from the extensive laws and regulations to which we are subject; our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; incurrence of cyber-security breaches of our and our partners' information and technology systems; our ability to remediate a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting and the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future or other failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls; adverse publicity or other adverse consequences related to our dual class structure or "controlled company" status; and the other factors set forth under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), and our other filings with the SEC, including our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, to be filed with the SEC.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made in this press release. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date as of which it is made, and, except as otherwise required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise.

About Oscar Health

Oscar Health, Inc. ("Oscar") is the first health insurance company built around a full stack technology platform and a relentless focus on serving its members. At Oscar, our mission is to make a healthier life accessible and affordable for all. Headquartered in New York City, Oscar has been challenging the health care system's status quo since our founding in 2012. The company's member-first philosophy and innovative approach to care has earned us the trust of nearly one million members, as of June 30, 2023. We offer Individual & Family, Small Group and Medicare Advantage plans, and +Oscar, our full stack technology platform, to others within the provider and payor space. Our vision is to refactor health care to make good care cost less. Refactor is a term used in software engineering that means to improve the design, structure, and implementation of the software, while preserving its functionality. At Oscar, we take this definition a step further. We improve our members' experience by building trust through deep engagement, personalized guidance, and rapid iteration.


Oscar Health, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
Premiums before ceded reinsurance	$	1,484,538		$	1,368,477		$	2,910,800		$	2,683,541
Reinsurance premiums ceded		(9,572	)		(373,882	)		(7,208	)		(733,545	)
Premiums earned		1,474,966			994,595			2,903,592			1,949,996
Administrative services revenue		3,856			20,452			7,741			38,945
Investment income and other revenue		42,713			2,272			79,887			1,143
Total revenue		1,521,535			1,017,319			2,991,220			1,990,084

Operating Expenses
Claims incurred, net		1,181,999			808,639			2,273,591			1,543,205
Other insurance costs		197,784			170,200			425,215			335,602
General and administrative expenses		76,453			80,754			178,603			155,418
Federal and state assessments		72,647			68,749			146,538			138,616
Premium deficiency reserve release		(819	)		(4,536	)		(833	)		(7,741	)
Total operating expenses		1,528,064			1,123,806			3,023,114			2,165,100
Loss from operations		(6,529	)		(106,487	)		(31,894	)		(175,016	)
Interest expense		6,120			6,141			12,256			10,362
Other expenses (income)		1,612			(793	)		7,718			2,260
Loss before income taxes		(14,261	)		(111,835	)		(51,868	)		(187,638	)
Income tax expense		1,164			290			3,185			1,807
Net loss		(15,425	)		(112,125	)		(55,053	)		(189,445	)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		103			39			247			(2,129	)
Net loss attributable to Oscar Health, Inc.	$	(15,528	)	$	(112,164	)	$	(55,300	)	$	(187,316	)

Earnings (Loss) per Share
Net loss per share attributable to Oscar Health, Inc., basic and diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.89	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		219,400,458			211,311,494			218,163,533			210,930,686


Oscar Health, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,322,069		$	1,558,595
Short-term investments		1,255,705			1,397,287
Premiums and accounts receivable		193,079			216,475
Risk adjustment transfer receivable		60,335			49,861
Reinsurance recoverable		353,883			892,887
Other current assets		7,561			6,450
Total current assets		4,192,632			4,121,555
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net		63,053			59,888
Long-term investments		189,638			222,919
Restricted deposits		27,292			27,483
Other assets		92,330			94,756
Total Assets	$	4,564,945		$	4,526,601

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Benefits payable	$	855,711		$	937,727
Risk adjustment transfer payable		1,982,999			1,517,493
Premium deficiency reserve		3,381			4,214
Unearned premiums		73,072			78,998
Accounts payable and other liabilities		261,519			297,841
Reinsurance payable		67,635			427,649
Total current liabilities		3,244,317			3,263,922
Long-term debt		298,388			297,999
Other liabilities		70,275			72,280
Total liabilities		3,612,980			3,634,201
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 82,500,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value; 825,000,000 shares authorized, 186,789,874 and 181,176,239 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		2			2
Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value; 82,500,000 shares authorized, 35,115,807 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Treasury stock (314,600 shares as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)		(2,923	)		(2,923	)
Additional paid-in capital		3,620,766			3,509,007
Accumulated deficit		(2,661,287	)		(2,605,987	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(6,856	)		(9,715	)
Total Oscar Health, Inc. stockholders' equity		949,702			890,384
Noncontrolling interests		2,263			2,016
Total stockholders' equity		951,965			892,400
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	4,564,945		$	4,526,601


Oscar Health, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands) (unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(55,053	)	$	(189,445	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred taxes		26			4
Net realized loss on sale of financial instruments		9			508
Depreciation and amortization expense		13,761			7,490
Amortization of debt issuance costs		389			324
Stock-based compensation expense		104,773			54,681
Investment amortization, net of accretion		(15,275	)		3,141
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) / decrease in:
Premiums and accounts receivable		23,396			(35,835	)
Risk adjustment transfer receivable		(10,474	)		(13,859	)
Reinsurance recoverable		539,004			(308,214	)
Other assets		1,294			(16,826	)
Increase / (decrease) in:
Benefits payable		(82,016	)		366,945
Unearned premiums		(5,925	)		(2,353	)
Premium deficiency reserve		(832	)		(7,741	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(38,330	)		(11,125	)
Reinsurance payable		(360,015	)		225,687
Risk adjustment transfer payable		465,507			703,934
Net cash provided by operating activities		580,239			777,316
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of investments		(537,688	)		(312,104	)
Sale of investments		19,160			243,400
Maturity of investments		711,453			261,334
Purchase of property, equipment and capitalized software		(12,996	)		(12,265	)
Change in restricted deposits		(522	)		1,023
Net cash provided by investing activities		179,407			181,388
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt		—			305,000
Payments of debt issuance costs		—			(7,035	)
Proceeds from joint venture contribution		471			1,271
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		2,586			924
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,057			300,160
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents		762,703			1,258,864
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period		1,580,497			1,125,557
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents—end of period		2,343,200			2,384,421
Cash and cash equivalents		2,322,069			2,362,632
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in restricted deposits		21,131			21,789
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	2,343,200		$	2,384,421

	Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023		2022
Supplemental Disclosures:
Interest payments	$	22,636	$	9,550
Income tax payments	$	400	$	1,105

Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key operating and non-GAAP financial metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe these operational and financial measures are useful in evaluating our performance, in addition to our financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Members

Members are defined as any individual covered by a health plan that we offer directly or through a co-branded arrangement. We view the number of members enrolled in our health plans as an important metric to help evaluate and estimate revenue and market share. Additionally, the more members we enroll, the more data we have, which allows us to improve the functionality of our platform.

Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums

Direct Policy Premiums are defined as the premiums collected from our members or from the federal government during the period indicated, before risk adjustment and reinsurance. These premiums include APTC, or premium subsidies, which are available to individuals and families with certain annual incomes.

Assumed Policy Premiums are premiums we receive primarily as part of our reinsurance arrangement under our Cigna+Oscar small group plan offering, and are presented here net of Risk Adjustment for these assumed policies.

We believe Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums is an important metric to assess the growth of our individual and small group plan offerings going forward. Management also views Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums as a key operating metric because each of our MLR, InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio, InsuranceCo Combined Ratio and Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio are calculated on the basis of Direct and Assumed Policy Premiums.

Medical Loss Ratio

Medical Loss Ratio is calculated as set forth in the table below. Medical claims are total medical expenses incurred by members in order to utilize health care services less any member cost sharing. These services include inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy, and physician costs. Medical claims also include risk sharing arrangements with certain of our providers. The impact of the federal risk adjustment program is included in the denominator of our MLR. We believe MLR is an important metric to demonstrate the ratio of our costs to pay for health care of our members to the premiums before ceded reinsurance. MLRs in our existing products are subject to various federal and state minimum requirements. Below is a calculation of our MLR for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Direct claims incurred before ceded reinsurance ⁽¹⁾	$	1,136,687		$	1,092,416		$	2,184,745		$	2,102,451
Assumed reinsurance claims		60,255			32,555			107,413			56,797
Excess of loss ceded claims⁽²⁾		(1,474	)		1,509			(5,620	)		(9,924	)
State reinsurance ⁽³⁾		(10,683	)		(6,946	)		(16,596	)		(18,275	)
Net claims before ceded quota share reinsurance ^(A)	$	1,184,785		$	1,119,534		$	2,269,942		$	2,131,049

Premiums before ceded reinsurance	$	1,484,538		$	1,368,477		$	2,910,800		$	2,683,541
Excess of loss reinsurance premiums ⁽⁴⁾		(2,233	)		(6,638	)		(6,524	)		(14,766	)
Net premiums before ceded quota share reinsurance ^(B)	$	1,482,305		$	1,361,839		$	2,904,276		$	2,668,775
Medical Loss Ratio ^{(A divided by B)}		79.9	%		82.2	%		78.2	%		79.9	%

(1)		See the Appendix to this release for a reconciliation of direct claims incurred to claims incurred, net appearing on the face of our statement of operations.
(2)		Represents claims ceded to reinsurers pursuant to an excess of loss treaty, for which such reinsurers are financially liable. We use excess of loss reinsurance to limit the losses on individual claims of our members.
(3)		Represents payments made by certain state-run reinsurance programs established subject to CMS approval under Section 1332 of the ACA.
(4)		Represents excess of loss insurance premiums paid.

InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio

InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio is calculated as set forth in the table below. The ratio reflects the costs associated with running our combined insurance companies. We believe InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio is useful to evaluate our ability to manage our expenses as a percentage of premiums before the impact of quota share reinsurance. Expenses necessary to run the insurance company are included in other insurance costs and federal and state assessments. These expenses include variable expenses paid to vendors and distribution partners, premium taxes and healthcare exchange fees, employee-related compensation, benefits, marketing costs, and other administrative expenses. The numerator and denominator in the calculation below reflect an adjustment to remove the impact of the Company's quota share arrangements. Below is a calculation of our InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Other insurance costs	$	197,784		$	170,200		$	425,215		$	335,602
Impact of quota share reinsurance ⁽¹⁾		(6,967	)		39,189			(16,262	)		75,668
Stock-based compensation expense		(14,637	)		(12,411	)		(41,791	)		(25,489	)
Federal and state assessment of health insurance subsidiaries		71,913			68,561			145,480			138,772
Health insurance subsidiary adjusted administrative expenses^(A)	$	248,093		$	265,539		$	512,642		$	524,553

Premiums before ceded reinsurance	$	1,484,538		$	1,368,477		$	2,910,800		$	2,683,541
Excess of loss reinsurance premiums		(2,233	)		(6,638	)		(6,524	)		(14,766	)
Net premiums before ceded quota share reinsurance^(B)	$	1,482,305		$	1,361,839		$	2,904,276		$	2,668,775
InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio^{(A divided by B)}		16.7	%		19.5	%		17.7	%		19.7	%

(1)

Includes ceding commissions received from reinsurers, net of the impact of deposit accounting of $(7,557) and $(1,827) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(15,316) and $(3,659) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

InsuranceCo Combined Ratio

InsuranceCo Combined Ratio is defined as the sum of MLR and InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio. We believe this ratio best represents the core performance of the insurance business, prior to the impact of quota share and net investment income.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Medical Loss Ratio	79.9	%	82.2	%	78.2	%	79.9	%
InsuranceCo Administrative Expense Ratio	16.7	%	19.5	%	17.7	%	19.7	%
InsuranceCo Combined Ratio	96.7	%	101.7	%	95.8	%	99.6	%

Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio

The Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio is an operating ratio that reflects the Company's total administrative expenses ("Total Administrative Expenses"), net of non-cash and non-recurring items (as adjusted, "Adjusted Administrative Expenses"), as a percentage of total revenue, including quota share reinsurance premiums ceded and excluding excess of loss reinsurance premiums ceded and non-recurring items ("Adjusted Total Revenue"). Total Administrative Expenses are calculated as Total Operating Expenses, excluding non-administrative insurance-based expenses and the impact of quota share reinsurance. Adjusted Administrative Expenses are Total Administrative Expenses, net of non-cash and non-recurring expense items. Adjusted Administrative Expenses exclude insurance-based expenses, non-cash expenses and non-recurring expenses. The Company believes Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio is useful to evaluate the Company's ability to manage its overall administrative expense base. This ratio also provides further clarity into the Company's overall path to profitability. Below is a calculation of our Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Total Operating Expenses	$	1,528,064		$	1,123,806		$	3,023,114		$	2,165,100
Claims incurred, net		(1,181,999	)		(808,639	)		(2,273,591	)		(1,543,205	)
Premium deficiency reserve release		819			4,536			833			7,741
Impact of quota share reinsurance ⁽¹⁾		(6,967	)		39,189			(16,262	)		75,668
Total Administrative Expenses	$	339,917		$	358,892		$	734,094		$	705,304
Stock-based compensation expense		(33,279	)		(26,991	)		(104,773	)		(54,681	)
Depreciation and amortization		(8,822	)		(3,691	)		(13,761	)		(7,490	)
Adjusted Administrative Expenses ^(A)	$	297,816		$	328,210		$	615,560		$	643,133
Total Revenue	$	1,521,535		$	1,017,319		$	2,991,220		$	1,990,084
Reinsurance premiums ceded		9,572			373,882			7,208			733,545
Excess of loss reinsurance premiums		(2,233	)		(6,638	)		(6,524	)		(14,766	)
Adjusted Total Revenue ^(B)	$	1,528,874		$	1,384,563		$	2,991,904		$	2,708,863
Adjusted Administrative Expense Ratio ^{(A divided by B)}		19.5	%		23.7	%		20.6	%		23.7	%

(1)

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss for the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization as further adjusted for stock-based compensation, and other non-recurring items as described below. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. Management believes that investors' understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-GAAP financial measure as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations.

We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors, because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

as a measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing the operating performance of our business on a consistent basis, as it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;
for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections;
to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies; and
to evaluate our capacity to expand our business.

By providing this non-GAAP financial measure, together with a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure, we believe we are enhancing investors' understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for net loss or other financial statement data presented in our consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(15,425	)	$	(112,125	)	$	(55,053	)	$	(189,445	)
Interest expense		6,120			6,141			12,256			10,362
Other expenses (income)		1,612			(793	)		7,718			2,260
Income tax expense		1,164			290			3,185			1,807
Depreciation and amortization		8,822			3,691			13,761			7,490
Stock-based compensation ⁽¹⁾		33,279			26,991			104,773			54,681
Adjusted EBITDA	$	35,572		$	(75,805	)	$	86,640		$	(112,845	)

(1)

Represents non-cash expenses related to equity-based compensation programs, which vary from period to period depending on various factors including the timing, number, and the valuation of awards. Includes a non-recurring charge of $46.3 million related to accelerated stock-based compensation expense recognized as a result of the cancellation of the Founders Awards previously granted to Mario Schlosser and Joshua Kushner.

Appendix

Reinsurance Impact

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Quota share ceded premiums	$	(5,537	)	$	(383,337	)	$	6,823		$	(743,265	)
Quota share ceded claims		2,787			310,897			(3,648	)		587,845
Ceding commission, net of deposit accounting impact ⁽¹⁾		(6,967	)		39,189			(16,262	)		75,668
Experience refund		(1,801	)		16,093			(7,506	)		24,486
Net quota share impact	$	(11,518	)	$	(17,158	)	$	(20,593	)	$	(55,266	)

(1)

The composition of total reinsurance premiums ceded and reinsurance premiums assumed, which are included as components of total earned premiums in the consolidated statement of operations, is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Reinsurance premiums ceded, gross	$	(7,210	)	$	(393,857	)	$	2,868		$	(760,968	)
Experience refunds		(2,362	)		19,975			(10,076	)		27,423
Reinsurance premiums ceded		(9,572	)		(373,882	)		(7,208	)		(733,545	)
Reinsurance premiums assumed		60,395			34,095			116,330			58,885
Total reinsurance premiums (ceded) and assumed	$	50,823		$	(339,787	)	$	109,122		$	(674,660	)

The Company records claims expense net of reinsurance recoveries. The following table reconciles the total claims expense to the net claims expense as presented in the consolidated statement of operations:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Direct claims incurred	$	1,136,687		$	1,092,416		$	2,184,745		$	2,102,451
Ceded reinsurance claims		(14,943	)		(316,332	)		(18,567	)		(616,043	)
Assumed reinsurance claims		60,255			32,555			107,413			56,797
Total claims incurred, net	$	1,181,999		$	808,639		$	2,273,591		$	1,543,205

The Company records general and administrative expenses net of ceding commissions. The following table reconciles total other insurance costs to the amount presented in the consolidated statement of operations:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022			2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Other insurance costs, gross	$	198,373		$	211,216		$	424,269	$	414,929
Reinsurance ceding commissions		(589	)		(41,016	)		946		(79,327	)
Other insurance costs, net	$	197,784		$	170,200		$	425,215	$	335,602

The Company records reinsurance recoverables within current assets on its consolidated balance sheets. The composition of the reinsurance recoverable balance is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in thousands)
Ceded reinsurance claim recoverables	$	344,810	$	776,266
Reinsurance ceding commissions		2,319		42,805
Experience refunds on reinsurance agreements		6,754		73,816
Reinsurance recoverable	$	353,883	$	892,887

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Oscar Health Announces Strong Financial Results for Second Quarter 2023