cyan20250331

cyan20250331_10k.htm

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period From to

Commission File Number 0-14602

CYANOTECH CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	91-1206026
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)
73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Highway, Suite 102, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii	96740
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (808) 326-1353

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of common shares held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, September 30, 2024, was approximately $2,977,140.40.

Number of shares outstanding of Registrant’s Common Stock at June 13, 2025 was 7,232,217.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, expected to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to July 10, 2025 and to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders expected to be held on August 21, 2025, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item


	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3

	PART I
1.	Business	4
1A.	Risk Factors	9
1C.	Cybersecurity	17
2.	Properties	17
3.	Legal Proceedings	17

	PART II
5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	26
9A	Controls and Procedures	50
9B	Other Information	50

	PART III
10.	Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance	51
11.	Executive Compensation	51
12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	51
13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	51
14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	51

	PART IV
15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	52
16.	Signatures	55

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report and other presentations made by Cyanotech Corporation (“CYAN”) and its subsidiary contain “forward-looking statements,” which include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and usually include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plan,” “believes,” “predicts”, “estimates” or similar expressions. In addition, any statement concerning future financial performance, ongoing business strategies or prospects and possible future actions are also forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and the accuracy of assumptions concerning CYAN and its subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”), the performance of the industry in which CYAN does business, and economic and market factors, among other things. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the Report, presentation or filing in which they are made. Except to the extent required by the Federal Securities Laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our forward-looking statements in this Report include, but are not limited to:

	●	Statements relating to our business strategy;
	●	Statements relating to our business objectives; and
	●	Expectations concerning future operations, profitability, liquidity and financial resources.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risk, uncertainties and assumptions about us and our operations that are subject to change based on various important factors, some of which are beyond our control. The following factors, among others, could cause our financial performance to differ significantly from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements:

	●	Environmental restrictions, soil and water conditions, levels of sunlight and seasonal weather patterns, particularly heavy rain, wind and other hazards;
	●	Consumer perception of our products due to adverse scientific research or findings, publicity regarding dietary supplements, litigation, regulatory investigations or other events, conditions and circumstances involving the Company which receive national media coverage;
	●	Effects of competition, including tactics and locations of competitors and operating and market competition;
	●	Demand for our products, the quantities and qualities thereof available for sale and levels of customer satisfaction, including significant unforeseen fluctuations in global demand for products similar to our products;
	●	Changes in purchasing practices among our customers, particularly our largest customers;
	●	Our dependence on the experience, continuity and competence of our executive officers and other key employees;
	●	The added risks associated with or attributed to the current local, national and world economic conditions, including but not limited to, the volatility of crude oil prices, inflation and currency fluctuations;
	●	Labor shortages could restrict our ability to operate or grow our business or result in increased labor costs that could adversely affect our results of operations;
	●	The effects of global outbreaks of pandemics or contagious diseases or fear of such outbreaks, including on our supply chain, the demand for our products, our ability to expand and produce in new geographic markets or the timing of such expansion efforts, and on overall economic conditions and consumer confidence and spending levels;
	●	Changes in domestic and/or foreign laws, regulations or standards, affecting nutraceutical products or our methods of operation;
	●	Access to available and reasonable financing on a timely basis;
	●	The availability of financing on acceptable terms to provide operating capital in the event of an unexpected cash shortfall;
	●	The Company’s inability to generate enough revenues to meet its obligations or repay maturing indebtedness;
	●	Failure of capital projects to operate as expected or meet expected results;
	●	Changes in laws, corporate governance requirements and tax rates, regulations, accounting standards and the application to us or the dietary supplement products industry of new decisions by courts, regulators or other government authorities;
	●	Legal costs associated with any legal proceedings, and the potential direct and indirect cost and other effects on our business or financial condition resulting from any legal proceedings
	●	Risk associated with the geographic concentration of our business;
	●	Acts of war, terrorist incidents or natural disasters; and
	●	Other risks or uncertainties described elsewhere in this Report and in other periodic reports previously and subsequently filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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PART I

Item 1.

Business

Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this report to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, and “Cyanotech” refer to Cyanotech Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Nutrex Hawaii, Inc. (“Nutrex Hawaii” or “Nutrex”), a Hawaii corporation.

General

We are a global leader in premium quality, sustainable microalgae cultivation, producing high-value natural ingredients and dietary supplement products for health and wellness. Incorporated in 1983, we are guided by the principle of providing beneficial, quality microalgal products for health and human nutrition in a technology enabled, reliable and environmentally sensitive operation. We are Good Manufacturing Practices ("GMP") certified by Merieux NutriSciences, reinforcing our commitment to quality in our products, quality in our relationships (with our customers, suppliers, employees and the communities we live in), and quality of the environment in which we work. Our products include:

	●	BioAstin® Hawaiian Astaxanthin® - a powerful, natural antioxidant clinically studied to support and maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response, to enhance skin, and to support eye, joint, brain and immune health†. It has expanding applications as a human dietary supplement and dietary ingredient; and
	●	Hawaiian Spirulina Pacifica® - a nutrient-rich superfood dietary supplement clinically supported for natural energy, immune system support, cardiovascular health and as a concentrated source of protein, antioxidant carotenoids, and essential nutrients†

†These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Microalgae are a diverse group of microscopic plants that have a wide range of physiological and biochemical characteristics and contain, among other things, high levels of natural protein, amino acids, vitamins, pigments and enzymes. Microalgae have the following properties that make commercial production attractive: (1) microalgae grow much faster than land grown plants, often up to 100 times faster; (2) microalgae have uniform cell structures with no bark, stems, branches or leaves, permitting easier extraction of products and higher utilization of the microalgae cells; and (3) the cellular uniformity of microalgae makes it practical to control the growing environment in order to optimize a particular cell characteristic. Efficient and effective cultivation of microalgae requires consistent light, warm temperatures, low rainfall and proper chemical balance in a very nutrient-rich environment, free of environmental contaminants and unwanted organisms. This is a challenge that has motivated us to design, develop and implement proprietary production and harvesting technologies, systems and processes in order to commercially produce human dietary supplement products derived from microalgae.

Our production of these products at our 96-acre facility on the Kona Coast of the island of Hawaii provides several benefits. We selected the Keahole Point location in order to take advantage of relatively consistent warm temperatures, sunshine and low levels of rainfall needed for optimal cultivation of microalgae. This location also offers us access to cold deep ocean water, drawn from an offshore depth of 2,000 feet, which we use in our Ocean-Chill Drying system to eliminate the oxidative damage caused by standard drying techniques and as a source of trace nutrients for microalgal cultures. The area is also designated a Biosecure Zone, with tight control of organisms allowed into the area and free of genetically modified organisms ("GMO"). We believe that our technology, systems, processes and favorable growing location generally permit year-round harvest of our microalgal products in a cost-effective manner.

Our Business

We operate entirely in one operating segment, the cultivation and production of microalgae into high-value, high-quality natural health and nutrition products. We cultivate, on a large-scale basis, two microalgal species from which our two major product lines, natural astaxanthin products and spirulina products, are derived. We record revenue and cost of sales information by product category, but do not record operating expenses by such product category.

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The following table sets forth, for the two fiscal years ended March 31, the net sales contributed by each of our major product lines and extraction and research and development (“R&D”) services:

	Net Sales
	2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Natural astaxanthin products:
BioAstin®	$	15,738	$	15,104
Spirulina products:

SEC Form 10-K filed by Cyanotech Corporation