UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Mark one

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________________ to ___________________

Commission File Number 001-09974

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York		13-2866202
(State or Other Jurisdiction of		(IRS. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)		Identification No.)

81 Executive Blvd. Suite 3 Farmingdale, New York		11735
(Address of Principal Executive office)		(Zip Code)

(631) 755-5500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock $0.01 par value		ENZ		The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant has required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 45 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of that chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ☐ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of March 11, 2024, the Registrant had 51,225,734 shares of common stock outstanding.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

FORM 10-Q

January 31, 2024

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Consolidated Balance Sheets – January 31, 2024 (unaudited) and July 31, 2023	1

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	2

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6

	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

Item 3.	Not applicable	32

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32

Part II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34

Item 6.	Exhibits	34

Signatures		35

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	January 31, 2024 (unaudited)			July 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	60,241		$	82,373
Accounts receivable, net		5,116			4,808
Inventories, net		7,800			7,939
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, including $5,000 escrow at January 31, 2024 and $1,000 restricted cash at July 31, 2023		7,763			3,336
Total current assets		80,920			98,456

Property, plant, and equipment, net		12,837			13,086
Right-of-use assets		3,187			3,626
Other assets, including $5,000 escrow at July 31, 2023		645			5,745
Non-current assets of discontinued operations, net		1,488			967
Total assets	$	99,077		$	121,880

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable – trade	$	1,318		$	3,575
Accrued liabilities		7,526			11,743
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		862			980
Other current liabilities		75			75
Convertible debentures		3,225			2,514
Current liabilities of discontinued operations, net		12,277			21,102
Total current liabilities		25,283			39,989

Operating lease liabilities, non-current		2,785			3,160
Long term debt, net		234			269
Total liabilities	$	28,302		$	43,418

Contingencies – see Note 13

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 25,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding		—			—
Common Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 75,000,000 shares; shares issued and outstanding: 50,489,771 at January 31, 2024 and 49,997,631 at July 31, 2023		504			499
Additional paid-in capital		346,252			344,435
Accumulated deficit		(278,027	)		(268,350	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		2,046			1,878
Total stockholders’ equity		70,775			78,462

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	99,077		$	121,880

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues	$	8,553		$	7,514		$	16,359		$	14,617

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		4,329			4,616			8,680			9,205
Research and development		580			1,125			1,429			1,824
Selling, general and administrative		5,068			5,430			12,070			10,866
Legal and related expense, net		761			888			1,835			1,895
Total operating costs and expenses		10,738			12,059			24,014			23,790

Operating loss		(2,185	)		(4,545	)		(7,655	)		(9,173	)

Other income (expense):
Interest, net		893			63			1,870			135
Change in fair value of convertible debentures		(383	)		-			(711	)		-
Other		119			118			276			118
Foreign exchange gain (loss)		693			1,472			(318	)		675
Total other income (expense)		1,322			1,653			1,117			928

Loss before income taxes		(863	)		(2,892	)		(6,538	)		(8,245	)
Income taxes		—			—			—			—
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(863	)	$	(2,892	)	$	(6,538	)	$	(8,245	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(2,198	)		(8,428	)		(3,139	)		(13,710	)
Net loss		(3,061	)		(11,320	)		(9,677	)		(21,955	)

Net loss per common share – basic and diluted:
Continuing operations	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.17	)
Discontinued operations		(0.04	)		(0.17	)		(0.06	)		(0.28	)
Total net loss per basic and diluted common share	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.45	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		50,490			48,729			50,337			48,725

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Six Months Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss	$	(3,061	)	$	(11,320	)	$	(9,677	)	$	(21,955	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(700	)		(1,355	)		168			(622	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,761	)	$	(12,675	)	$	(9,509	)	$	(22,577	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

	Common Stock Shares Issued		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at October 31, 2023		50,489,771	$	504	$	345,991	$	(274,966	)	$	2,746		$	74,275
Net loss for the period ended January 31, 2024		—		—		—		(3,061	)		—			(3,061	)
Share-based compensation charges		—		—		261		—			—			261
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			(700	)		(700	)
Balance at January 31, 2024		50,489,771	$	504	$	346,252	$	(278,027	)	$	2,046		$	70,775

	Common Stock Shares Issued		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at October 31, 2022		48,720,454	$	487	$	339,892	$	(299,273	)	$	3,884		$	44,990
Net loss for the period ended January 31, 2023		—		—		—		(11,320	)		—			(11,320	)
Share-based compensation charges		—		—		515		—			—			515
Vesting of performance stock units		12,600		—		—		—			—			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			(1,355	)		(1,355	)
Balance at January 31, 2023		48,733,054	$	487	$	340,407	$	(310,593	)	$	2,529		$	32,830

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Six Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

	Common Stock Shares Issued		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at July 31, 2023		49,997,631	$	499	$	344,435	$	(268,350	)	$	1,878	$	78,462
Net loss for the period ended January 31, 2024		—		—		—		(9,677	)		—		(9,677	)
Vested restricted stock unit issuances		144,530		1		—		—			—		1
Common stock issued for Asset Purchase Agreement bonus payment		347,610		4		481		—			—		485
Share-based compensation charges		—		—		1,336		—			—		1,336
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			168		168
Balance at January 31, 2024		50,489,771	$	504	$	346,252	$	(278,027	)	$	2,046	$	70,775

	Common Stock Shares Issued		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at July 31, 2022		48,720,454	$	487	$	339,462	$	(288,638	)	$	3,151		$	54,462
Net loss for the period ended January 31, 2023		—		—		—		(21,955	)		—			(21,955	)
Share-based compensation charges		—		—		945		—			—			945
Vesting of performance stock units		12,600		—		—		—			—			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			(622	)		(622	)
Balance at January 31, 2023		48,733,054	$	487	$	340,407	$	(310,593	)	$	2,529		$	32,830

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(9,677	)	$	(21,955	)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Change in fair value of convertible debentures		711			—
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment		537			1,428
Share-based compensation charges		1,336			945
Share-based 401(k) employer match expense		362			396
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)		240			(707	)
(Gain) on operating lease terminations		(554	)		—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,252			653
Inventories		192			(310	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(272	)		1,080
Accounts payable – trade		(7,097	)		4,678
Accrued liabilities, other current liabilities and other liabilities		(9,342	)		(1,099	)
Total adjustments		(12,635	)		7,064

Net cash used in operating activities		(22,312	)		(14,891	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(279	)		(1,521	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(279	)		(1,521	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments under mortgage agreement and capital leases		(73	)		(157	)
Cash payments for taxes related to net share settlements of equity awards		(467	)		—
Net cash used in financing activities		(540	)		(157	)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(1	)		20

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(23,132	)		(16,549	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period		83,373			22,603
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period	$	60,241		$	6,054

Composition of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:
Cash and cash equivalents		60,241			5,054
Restricted cash		—			1,000
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	60,241		$	6,054

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of January 31, 2024

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands except share data)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Enzo Biochem, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “Enzo”), is a manufacturer and supplier of a comprehensive portfolio of thousands of high-quality products, including antibodies, genomic probes, assays, biochemicals, and proteins. The Company’s proprietary products and technologies play central roles in translational research and drug development areas, including cell biology, genomics, assays, immunohistochemistry, and small molecule chemistry. Enzo Biochem, Inc.’s Life Science division supports the work of research centers and industry partners. Enzo Biochem, Inc. has a broad and deep intellectual property portfolio, with patent coverage across many vital enabling technologies.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enzo Biochem, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (“Enzo Life Sciences”), Enzo Therapeutics, Inc. (“Enzo Therapeutics”), Enzo Realty LLC (“Enzo Realty”), and Enzo Realty II LLC (“Enzo Realty II”), collectively or with one or more of its subsidiaries referred to as the “Company” or “Companies.” The financial statements also include as discontinued operations the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary Enzo Clinical Labs, Inc. (“Enzo Clinical Labs”). Effective July 24, 2023 we completed the sale of certain assets used in its clinical services operations to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, a Delaware corporation (“Labcorp”), and exited the clinical services business. See Note 2.

The Company has one reportable segment, Products. The consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2024, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss and stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (the “interim statements”) are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted. The interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The results of operations for the six months ended January 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences (and its wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries), Enzo Therapeutics, Enzo Realty, Enzo Realty II, and Enzo Clinical Labs (a corporate entity with discontinued operations). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Contingencies

Contingencies are evaluated and a liability is recorded when the matter is both probable and reasonably estimable. Gain contingencies are evaluated and not recognized until the gain is realizable or realized.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines fair value measurements used in its consolidated financial statements based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below with Level 1 having the highest priority and Level 3 having the lowest.

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3 Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits with banks and highly liquid money market funds. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents in foreign bank accounts of $498 and $419, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company believes the fair value of the aforementioned financial instruments approximates the cost due to the immediate or short-term nature of these items. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company had cash deposited in certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured levels. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to the Company’s Products segment is mitigated by the diversity of the Company’s customers and their dispersion across many different geographic regions. To reduce risk, the Company routinely assesses the financial strength of these customers and, consequently, believes that its accounts receivable credit exposure with respect to these customers is limited.

Income Taxes

Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements - Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard changes the impairment model for most financial instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss method to a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. We adopted this standard for our interim period beginning August 1, 2023 using a modified retrospective transition approach. The impact of the adoption of this standard on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows was not material.

We reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and have concluded they are not applicable or not expected to be significant to the accounting for our operations.

Note 2 - Discontinued operations

Prior to July 24, 2023, we operated a clinical laboratory, doing business as Enzo Clinical Labs, which provided reference, molecular and esoteric diagnostic medical testing services in the New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut medical communities. Effective July 24, 2023, we completed the sale of certain assets used in the operation of Enzo Clinical Labs and the assignment of certain clinical lab liabilities to Labcorp for an aggregate purchase price of $113.25 million in cash, subject to customary closing adjustments. In connection with the sale, $5 million of escrowed proceeds were included in prepaid and other assets as of January 31, 2024 and in other assets as of July 31, 2023. Excluded from the sale of the clinical services assets were its cash and accounts receivable. In accordance with the sale, we ceased our clinical services operations but continue winding down activities. As a consequence of the sale, for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 we have classified as discontinued operations all income and expenses attributable to the clinical services business.

The following table sets forth the condensed operating results of the discontinued operations for the three and six months ended January 31:

	Three Months Ended January 31						Six Months Ended January 31
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net revenues		—		$	8,824			—		$	19,997
Cost of revenues	$	175			10,463			—			20,545
Selling, general and administrative		813			6,382		$	2,250			12,397
Research and development		—			306			—			603
Legal and related expenses		(41	)		107			—			171
Other expense (income)		1,251			(6	)		889			(9	)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(2,198	)	$	(8,428	)	$	(3,139	)	$	(13,710	)

Other expense for the three months ended January 31, 2024 is primarily the cost for a third party to maintain and destroy health records according to statute related to the discontinued operations.

The following table sets forth the condensed carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations as of the dates indicated:

	January 31, 2024		July 31, 2023
Carrying amounts of major current assets included as part of discontinued operations:
Trade receivables	$	182	$	1,675
Prepaid and other current		5		54
Total current assets		187		1,729

Carrying amounts of major current liabilities included as part of discontinued operations:
Trade payables and accrued liabilities		10,513		20,616
Operating lease liabilities and other		1,951		2,215
Total current liabilities		12,464		22,831

Current liabilities of discontinued operations, net		12,277		21,102

Carrying amount of major non-current assets included as part of discontinued operations:
Right of use assets	$	6,104	$	7,001
Other		80		62
Total non-current assets		6,184		7,063

Carrying amount of major non-current liabilities included as part of discontinued operations:
Operating lease liabilities and other		4,696		6,096

Non-current assets of discontinued operations, net	$	1,488	$	967

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, the cash used in operating and investing activities of the discontinued operations was $11,304 and $0, respectively, primarily for reductions of trade payables and accrued liabilities, partially offset by collections of accounts receivable, and the period loss. During the six months ended January 31, 2023, the cash used in operating activities and investing activities of the discontinued operations was $8,043 and $441, respectively.

Note 3 - Net income (loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of potential common shares, consisting of outstanding stock options, and unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units, is determined using the treasury stock method. As a result of the net loss for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding, and do not include the potential common shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, assumed conversion of debentures, or unearned performance stock units because to do so would be antidilutive.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the effect of approximately 2,474,000 and 2,897,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares and the effect of approximately 280,000 and 129,000, respectively, of outstanding restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the effect of approximately 754,000 and 647,000, respectively, of shares related to warrants and the effect of approximately 1,535,000 and 1,372,000, respectively of shares related to the assumed conversion of debentures were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, the effect of approximately 4,189,000 and 3,392,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, approximately 60,000 and 83,000, respectively, of potential common shares from “in the money options” and unvested restricted stock and performance stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) per share because their effect would be antidilutive.

Note 4 – Revenue Recognition

Products Revenue

The Company generates revenue from the sale of our single-use products used in the identification of genomic information. Revenue is recorded net of sales tax. The Company considers revenue to be earned when all of the following criteria are met: the Company has a contract with a customer that creates enforceable rights and obligations; promised products are identified; the transaction price is determinable; and the Company has transferred control of the promised items to the customer. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in the contract. The transaction price for the contract is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the goods expected to be transferred. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the distinct good or service is transferred. Transfer of control for the Company’s products is generally at shipment or delivery, depending on contractual terms, but occurs when title and risk of loss transfers to the customer which represents the point in time when the customer obtains the use of and substantially all of the remaining benefit of the product. As such, the Company’s performance obligation related to product sales is satisfied at a point in time. The Company recognizes a receivable when it has an unconditional right to payment, which represents the amount the Company expects to collect in a transaction and is most often equal to the transaction price in the contract. Payment terms for shipments to end-user and distributor customers may range from 30 to 90 days. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue, while the related shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of revenues.

Products revenue by geography is as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31				Six Months Ended January 31
	2024		2023		2024		2023
United States	$	5,166	$	4,144	$	9,801	$	8,239
Europe		2,286		2,277		4,424		4,181
Asia Pacific		1,101		1,093		2,134		2,197
Products revenue	$	8,553	$	7,514	$	16,359	$	14,617

As of August 1, 2023 and 2022, accounts receivable from continuing operations was $4,808 and $4,762, respectively.

Note 5 - Supplemental disclosure for statement of cash flows

During the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, interest paid by the Company was $184 and $106, respectively.

For the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the net reductions in the measurement of right of use assets and liabilities included in cash flows from operating activities was $254 and $2, respectively. The changes are included in changes in accrued liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities in the statement of cash flows.

In connection with the completed sale of certain assets used in the operation of Enzo Clinical Labs, $5,000 of escrowed proceeds were included in prepaid and other assets as of January 31, 2024 and in other assets as of July 31, 2023. In connection with the full payment of a mortgage in July 2023, the restricted cash collateral deposit of $1,000 was released during the six months ended January 31, 2024.

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, state taxes paid on the gain on the completed sale of certain assets used in the operation of Enzo Clinical Labs were $729. For the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, tax on capital paid by the Company was $23 and $9, respectively.

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company disbursed $467 for taxes related to net share settlement of bonuses paid in stock to a current senior executive and a former senior executive.

Note 6 - Inventories

Inventories, net consisted of the following as at:

	January 31, 2024		July 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	2,010	$	2,206
Work in process		2,809		2,599
Finished products		2,981		3,134
	$	7,800	$	7,939

Note 7 – Convertible debentures and other current debt

On May 19, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with each of the purchasers that are parties thereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”) and JGB Collateral, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as collateral agent for the Purchasers (the “Agent”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to sell to the Purchasers (i) 10% Original Issue Discount Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”) with an aggregate principal amount of $7,608 and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), for an exercise price of $2.31 per share, the average of the three (3) daily volume weighted average prices of the Common Stock as defined in the Purchase Agreement (“VWAP”) prior to the closing date (the “Warrants”), subject to adjustments as set forth in the Warrants, for a total purchase price of $7,000. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants. The transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement were consummated on May 19, 2023. Pursuant to ASC 825, Fair Value Option, the Company made an irrevocable election at the time of issuance to report the Debentures at fair value with changes in fair value recorded through the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as other income (expense) in each reporting period.

Debentures

The Debentures bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum (which interest rate is increased to 18% per annum five days after the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Debentures)), have a maturity date of May 20, 2024 and are convertible, at any time after their issuance date at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of Common Stock at a conversion price equal to $3.01 per share (the “Conversion Price”), subject to adjustment as set forth in the Debentures. Following the July 24, 2023 consummation of the Company’s sale of certain assets and assignment of certain liabilities of Enzo Clinical Labs to Labcorp pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 16, 2023, the Company prepaid $4,000 of the outstanding principal amount prior to July 31, 2023.

The Company’s obligations under the Debentures may be accelerated, at the Purchasers’ election, upon the occurrence of certain customary events of default. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no events of default. The Debentures contain customary representations, warranties and covenants including among other things and subject to certain exceptions, covenants that restrict the Company from incurring additional indebtedness, creating or permitting liens on assets, amending its charter documents and bylaws, repurchasing or otherwise acquiring more than a de minimis number of its Common Stock or equivalents thereof, repaying outstanding indebtedness, paying dividends or distributions, assigning or selling certain assets, making or holding any investments, and entering into transactions with affiliates.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the convertible debentures measured at fair value on a recurring basis that use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) and the related change in fair value expense recorded in the consolidated statement of operations during the six months ended January 31, 2024:

Fair value, July 31, 2023	$	2,514
Change in fair value of convertible debentures		711
Fair value, January 31, 2024	$	3,225

During the three months ended January 31, 2024, the change in fair value expense recorded was $383. As of January 31, 2024, the outstanding principal of the convertible debentures was $3,608. Accrued interest as of January 31, 2024 was $29.

Security Agreement and Subsidiary Guarantees

In connection with the Purchase Agreement, on May 19, 2023, the Company, certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries (“Guarantors”), the Purchasers and the Agent entered into a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and the Guarantors granted, for the benefit of the Purchasers, to secure the Company’s obligations under the Purchase Agreement and the Debentures.

Warrants

The Warrants are exercisable for five years from May 19, 2023, at an exercise price of $2.31 per share, which is the average of three (3) daily VWAPs prior to the closing date, subject, with certain exceptions, to adjustments in the event of stock splits, dividends, subsequent dilutive offerings and certain fundamental transactions, as more fully described in the Warrant.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Purchase Agreement, on May 19, 2023, the Company and the Purchasers entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which the Company is obligated to register the shares of Company Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Debentures and the Warrants. The Company has registered the shares.

Note 8 – Long term debt

In April 2020, the Company’s subsidiary in Switzerland received a loan of CHF 400 (or $400, based on the foreign exchange rate as of July 31, 2020) from the Swiss government under the “Corona Krise” emergency loan program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This loan is uncollateralized and bears 0% interest. In January 2022, the bank agent of the Swiss government informed our subsidiary that the loan had to be fully amortized within a maximum of eight years and that the first of semiannual amortization payments of CHF 33 would begin in March 2022. In March 2022, the subsidiary made its first semi-annual principal repayment of CHF 33 (or $35 based on exchange rates). Based on this amortization schedule, the loan will be repaid by September 2027. The current portion of this loan is included in other current liabilities and the long term portion in long term debt – net as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023.

Minimum future annual principal payments under this agreement as of January 31, 2024 are as follows:

July 31,	Total
2024	$	39
2025		77
2026		77
2027		77
2028		39
Total principal payments		309
Less: current portion, included in other current liabilities		(75	)
Long term debt – net	$	234

Note 9 - Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Company leases buildings, office space, and equipment through operating leases. Generally, a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the payment obligation arising from the lease, are recognized on the balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of the payment obligation. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company primarily uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments as the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate.

The Company has lease agreements with (i) right-of-use asset payments and (ii) non-lease components (e.g. payments related to maintenance fees, utilities, etc.) which have generally been combined and accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than 1 year to 4 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 3 years. The Company’s lease terms may include renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised and termination options that are reasonably certain not to be exercised.

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation or a market rate which are included in the lease liabilities.

Leases	Balance Sheet Classification	January 31, 2024		July 31, 2023
Assets
Operating	Right-of-use assets	$	3,187	$	3,626
Total lease assets		$	3,187	$	3,626

Liabilities
Current:
Operating	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	862	$	980

Non-current:
Operating	Operating lease liabilities, non-current		2,785		3,160
Total lease liabilities		$	3,647	$	4,140

Components of lease cost were as follows:

	Three months ended January 31,				Six months ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost – net (a)	$	141	$	114	$	281	$	376

(a)

Net of $126 and $252 of sublease income for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, respectively, and $114 for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023.

The maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities as of January 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of lease liabilities, years ending July 31,	Operating leases
2024	$	571
2025		896
2026		886
2027		881
2028		808
Total lease payments		4,042
Less: Interest (a)		(395	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	3,647

(a)	Primarily calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

Lease term and discount rate for the for the six months ended January 31 were as follows:

Lease term and discount rate	2024			2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - operating leases		4.3 years			5.3 years

Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		5.1	%		5.1	%

See Note 5 for cash flow information on cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023.

Note 10 - Accrued Liabilities and other current liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of:

	January 31, 2024		July 31, 2023
Payroll, benefits and commissions	$	4,515	$	7,421
Professional fees		688		610
Legal		1,237		2,248
Other		1,086		1,464
	$	7,526	$	11,743

Self-Insured Medical Plan

The Company self-funds medical insurance coverage for certain of its U.S. based employees. The risk to the Company is believed to be limited through the use of individual and aggregate stop loss insurance. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company had established reserves of $174 and $631, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities for payroll, benefits and commissions, for claims that have been reported but not paid and for claims that have been incurred but not reported. The reserve is based upon the Company’s historical payment trends, claim history and current estimates.

At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023 other current liabilities consist of the current portion of the Swiss government loan.

Note 11 - Stockholders’ equity

Controlled Equity Offering

In May 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. as sales agent (“Riley”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Riley, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Shares”) having an aggregate offering price of up to $30 million. The Company pays Riley a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received under the Sale Agreement. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of Shares under the Sales Agreement. The offering of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of all of the Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (b) the termination of the Sales Agreement by Riley or the Company, as permitted therein. In May 2023, the Company filed with the SEC a “shelf” registration and sales agreement prospectus covering the Sales Agreement. A total of $150 million of securities, including those covered by the Sales Agreement, may be sold under the shelf registration which was declared effective in July 2023. During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, the Company sold 276,479 shares for net proceeds of $386. There was no activity during the six months ended January 31, 2024.

Incentive stock plans

In January 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2011 Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) for the issuance of equity awards, including, among others, options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units for up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock. In January 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2011 Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock available for grant under the 2011 Plan by 2,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 5,000,000 shares of common stock. On October 7, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, with an effective date of October 7, 2020 and subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders of the Company. The amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan was for purposes of, among other things, (i) increasing the shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan by an additional 4,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 9,000,000 shares of common stock and (ii) extending the term of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan until October 7, 2030. In January 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan.

The exercise price of options granted under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, is equal to or greater than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will terminate at the earliest of (a) such time as no shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the plan, (b) termination of the plan by the Company’s Board of Directors, or (c) October 7, 2030. Awards outstanding upon expiration of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired. As of January 31, 2024, there were approximately 5,214,000 shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated.

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option award on the measurement date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model or the fair value of our stock at the date of grant. The fair value of awards is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company expenses restricted stock awards based on vesting requirements, primarily time elapsed. Performance stock awards are not recognized until it is probable they will be earned. At such time, their expense is then recognized over the requisite service period, including that portion of the service period already elapsed. Options granted pursuant to the plans may be either incentive stock options or non-statutory options. The 2011 Plan provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards which generally vest over a two or three year period.

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company recognized $519 of share based compensation with respect to stock options and $367 of share based compensation with respect to restricted stock units as a result of the termination of the former CEO during the quarter then ended. See Note 14.

The amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in the periods presented are as follows:

	Three months ended January 31,				Six months ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options and performance stock units	$	98	$	233	$	743	$	412
Restricted stock units		163		202		593		388
	$	261	$	435	$	1,336	$	800

The following table sets forth the amount of expense related to share-based payment arrangements included in specific line items in the accompanying statements of operations:

	Three months ended January 31,				Six months ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Selling, general and administrative	$	249	$	429	$	1,319	$	789
Cost of revenues		12		6		17		11
	$	261	$	435	$	1,336	$	800

No excess tax benefits were recognized during the six month periods ended January 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six month period ended January 31, 2024:

	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000s)
Outstanding at July 31, 2023		3,829,500		$	2.61			—
Granted		—			—
Exercised		—			—		$
Cancelled or expired		(1,355,130	)	$	1.72
Outstanding at end of period		2,474,370		$	2.69	2.6 years	$	—
Exercisable at end of period		2,313,784		$	2.83	1.7 years	$	—

As of January 31, 2024, the total future compensation cost related to non-vested options, not yet recognized in the statements of operations, was $519 and the weighted average period over which the remaining expense of these awards is expected to be recognized is approximately one and one half years. The intrinsic value of stock option awards represents the value of the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period in excess of the exercise price multiplied by the number of options that are outstanding.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the six months ended January 31, 2024:

	Number of RSUs outstanding			Weighted Average Fair Value per Unit at Date of Grant		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000s)
Outstanding at beginning of fiscal year		557,490		$	2.21	1.1 years		825
Granted		255,825		$	1.27			—
Vested		(191,063	)	$	3.21
Cancelled		(100,000	)	$	1.97
Outstanding at end of period		522,252		$	1.44	0.5 years	$	658
Expected to vest at end of period		522,252		$	1.44	0.5 years	$	658

Certain directors had not received their vested RSU shares, totaling 144,530, as of July 31, 2023. These shares were issued during the six months ended January 31, 2024.

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, 173,333 RSUs vested and 100,000 were cancelled as a result of the termination of the former CEO. The vested shares had not been issued as of January 31, 2024.

During the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company recognized shared based compensation expense for RSU’s of $163 and $593, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, the total future compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs, not yet recognized in the statements of operations, was $300 and the weighted average period over which the remaining expense of these awards is expected to be recognized is approximately one half years.

Performance Stock Units

During the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company recognized no share based compensation for Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”). During the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company recognized $3 and $(45) of share based compensation (reversal of compensation) for PSUs. During the six months ended January 31, 2024, one senior executive vested in 10,640 shares of stock which were issued subsequent to January 31, 2024. As of January 31, 2024 there were no PSUs outstanding.

Note 12 - Segment reporting

The Company has one reportable segment, Products, which develops, manufactures, and markets products to research and pharmaceutical customers. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment income (loss) before taxes. Costs excluded from segment income (loss) before taxes and reported as “Corporate & Other” consist of corporate general and administrative costs which are not allocable to the Products segment.

Legal and related expenses incurred to defend the Company’s intellectual property, which may result in settlements recognized in another segment and other general corporate matters are considered a component of the Corporate & Other segment. Legal and related expenses specific to the Products’ segment’s activities are allocated to that segment.

Management of the Company assesses assets on a consolidated basis only and therefore, assets by reportable segment have not been included in the reportable segments below. The accounting policies of the reportable segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

Three months ended January 31, 2024

	Products		Corporate & Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	8,553		—		$	8,553

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		4,329		—			4,329
Research and development		578	$	2			580
Selling, general and administrative		3,284		1,784			5,068
Legal and related expenses		22		739			761
Total operating costs and expenses		8,213		2,525			10,738

Operating income (loss)		340		(2,525	)		(2,185	)

Other income (expense)
Interest		34		859			893
Change in fair value of convertible debentures		—		(383	)		(383	)
Other		2		117			119
Foreign exchange gain		693		—			693
Income (loss) before taxes	$	1,069	$	(1,932	)	$	(863	)

Depreciation and amortization included above	$	172	$	95		$	267

Share-based compensation included above:
Selling, general and administrative		42		207			249
Cost of sales		12		—			12
Total	$	54	$	207		$	261

Capital expenditures	$	—	$	27		$	27

Three months ended January 31, 2023

	Products			Corporate & Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	7,514			—		$	7,514

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		4,616			—			4,616
Research and development		1,113		$	12			1,125
Selling, general and administrative		3,036			2,394			5,430
Legal and related expenses		11			877			888
Total operating costs and expenses		8,776			3,283			12,059

Operating loss		(1,262	)		(3,283	)		(4,545	)

Other income (expense)
Interest		29			34			63
Other		2			116			118
Foreign exchange gain		1,472			—			1,472
Income (loss) before taxes	$	241		$	(3,133	)	$	(2,892	)

Depreciation and amortization included above	$	171		$	91		$	262

Share-based compensation included above:
Selling, general and administrative		20			409			429
Cost of sales		6			—			6
Total	$	26		$	409		$	435

Capital expenditures	$	632		$	41		$	673

Six months ended January 31, 2024

	Products			Corporate & Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	16,359			—		$	16,359

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		8,680			—			8,680
Research and development		1,416		$	13			1,429
Selling, general and administrative		6,383			5,687			12,070
Legal and related expenses		51			1,784			1,835
Total operating costs and expenses		16,530			7,484			24,014

Operating loss		(171	)		(7,484	)		(7,655	)

Other income (expense)
Interest		68			1,802			1,870
Change in fair value of convertible debentures		—			(711	)		(711	)
Other		3			273			276
Foreign exchange loss		(318	)		—			(318	)
Loss before taxes	$	(418	)	$	(6,120	)	$	(6,538	)

Depreciation and amortization included above	$	338		$	199		$	537

Share-based compensation included above:
Selling, general and administrative		65			1,254			1,319
Cost of sales		17			—			17
Total	$	82		$	1,254		$	1,336

Capital expenditures	$	246		$	33		$	279

Six months ended January 31, 2023

	Products			Corporate & Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	14,617			—		$	14,617

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		9,205			—			9,205
Research and development		1,803		$	21			1,824
Selling, general and administrative		5,920			4,946			10,866
Legal and related expenses		36			1,859			1,895
Total operating costs and expenses		16,964			6,826			23,790

Operating loss		(2,347	)		(6,826	)		(9,173	)

Other income (expense)
Interest		54			81			135
Other		4			114			118
Foreign exchange gain		675			—			675
Income (loss) before taxes	$	(1,614	)	$	(6,631	)	$	(8,245	)

Depreciation and amortization included above	$	336		$	174		$	510

Share-based compensation included above:
Selling, general and administrative		40			749			789
Cost of sales		11			—			11
Total	$	51		$	749		$	800

Capital expenditures	$	938		$	224		$	1,162

Note 13 – Contingencies

Ransomware Attack

In April 2023, the Company experienced a ransomware attack (the “ransomware attack”) that impacted certain critical information technology systems. In response, we promptly deployed containment measures, including disconnecting our systems from the internet, launching an investigation with assistance from third-party cybersecurity experts, and notifying law enforcement. We adhered to our disaster recovery plan, which enabled us to maintain operations throughout the incident response process. We are in the process of evaluating the full scope of the costs and related impacts of this incident. The Company’s facilities remained open, and we continued to provide services to patients and partners. We later became aware that certain data, including names, test information, and Social Security numbers, was accessed, and in some instances, exfiltrated from the Company’s information technology systems as part of this incident. The investigation identified unauthorized access to or acquisition of clinical test information of approximately 2,470,000 individuals. The Social Security numbers of approximately 600,000 of these individuals may also have been involved. Additionally, the Company has determined that some employees’ information may have been involved. The Company has provided notice to the individuals whose information may have been involved, as well as to regulatory authorities, in accordance with applicable law.

Enzo Biochem is currently subject to regulatory inquiry from the New York Attorney General, a joint inquiry from the Connecticut and New Jersey Attorneys General and an inquiry from the Utah Attorney General. All inquiries ask questions about the ransomware attack, as well as the corrective actions taken in response. It is not known at this time whether the Attorneys General will seek any penalty against the Company. We are unable to evaluate the likelihood of an outcome, favorable or unfavorable, to the Company or to estimate the amount or range of any potential liability, if any, at this time.

Enzo Biochem is also subject to regulatory inquiries from the Office for Civil Rights regarding the ransomware attack. It is not known at this time whether the Office for Civil Rights will seek a penalty against the Company. We are unable to evaluate the likelihood of an outcome, favorable or unfavorable, to the Company or to estimate the amount or range of any potential liability, if any, at this time.

There is also pending Class Action litigation:

In re Enzo Biochem Data Breach Litigation, No. 2:23-cv-04282 (EDNY)

In the Eastern District of New York twenty putative class actions have been consolidated alleging various harms stemming from the April 2023 data incident. Interim lead counsel has been appointed and filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint on November 13, 2023. The complaint seeks to certify a federal class as well as several state subclasses. The Consolidated Amended Complaint brings various statutory and common law claims including negligence, negligence per se, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of implied contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, violation of the New York’s General Business Law § 349, Invasion of Privacy, violations of the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act, violations of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. The Company’s motion to dismiss is due on April 8, 2024.

Maria Sgambati et al., v. Enzo Biochem, Inc., et al., Index No. 619511/2023 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.)

This is a putative class action pending in state court alleging various harms stemming from the April 2023 data incident. The complaint seeks to certify a class of New York residents. The complaint brings claims of negligence; negligence per se; breach of implied covenant and good faith and fair dealing; breach of duty; breach of implied contract; and violations of New York’s Deceptive Acts and Practices § 349. This court granted our motion to stay the case pending the outcome of the federal action.

Louis v. Enzo Biochem, Inc. et al., Index No. 653281/2023 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.)

This is a putative class action pending in state court alleging various harms stemming from the April 2023 data incident. The complaint seeks to certify a class of New York citizens. The complaint brings claims of for negligence; negligence per se; breach of duty, breach of implied contract; breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; and violations of New York’s Deceptive Acts and Practices § 349. We have filed a motion to stay this action pending the resolution of the Federal Action and the motion remains pending.

A provision was made in the financial statements as of July 31, 2023 for the above matters based on a reasonable estimate; however, the actual exposure may differ.

Patent Matters

The Company (as plaintiff) has brought cases in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (“the Court”), alleging patent infringement against various companies.

In 2017, the Court ruled that the asserted claims of the ’180 and ’405 Patents are invalid for nonenablement in cases involving Abbott, Becton Dickinson, Gen-Probe, Hologic, and Roche. That ruling was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Federal Circuit”) in June 2019. Enzo subsequently filed a petition for certiorari regarding the invalidity ruling for the ’180 and ’405 Patents in February 2020; the Supreme Court denied Enzo’s petition on March 30, 2020.

The Company, along with its subsidiary Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., resolved its claims against Roche regarding the ’197 Patent before the Court (civil action No. 12 cv-00106) in July 2022. There is currently one case that was originally brought by the Company that is still pending in the Court. In that case, Enzo alleges patent infringement of the ’197 patent against Becton Dickinson Defendants. The claims in that case are stayed.

In separate inter partes review proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) involving, among others, Becton Dickinson, certain claims of the ’197 Patent were found unpatentable as anticipated or obvious and cancelled by the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (“Board”). Enzo appealed that decision to the Federal Circuit. On August 16, 2019, the Federal Circuit affirmed the Board’s decision, finding that each of the challenged claims is unpatentable. The Company filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc on October 30, 2019, which the Federal Circuit denied on December 4, 2019. The Company filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court on March 3, 2020, which was denied.

In April 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Hologic and Grifols, resolving litigation resulting from four cases originally brought by the Company in the Court. As a result, Enzo dismissed (1) a stayed patent litigation regarding the ’180 and ’197 Patent against Hologic in the Court; (2) the Consolidated Appeals against Gen-Probe and Hologic resulting from two cases filed in the Court, and (3) the Company’s appeal in the litigation involving the ’581 Patent that involved both Hologic and Grifols. As a result of the agreement with Hologic, Hologic withdrew from Enzo’s Federal Circuit appeal of the Board’s adverse rulings in the inter partes review proceedings regarding the ’197 Patent filed by Hologic and joined by Becton Dickinson mentioned above.

On September 2, 2021, the PTO issued a non-final office action in an ex parte reexamination concerning the ’197 Patent. In the office action, the PTO rejected certain claims of the ’197 Patent under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103, and for nonstatutory double-patenting. Enzo responded to the office action on January 3, 2022, and the proceeding remains pending. Becton Dickinson requested another ex parte reexamination concerning the ’197 patent on July 26, 2022. On September 16, 2022, the PTO ordered that ex parte reexamination as to certain claims of the ’197 patent and has not yet issued an office action. Enzo filed a petition to terminate that second reexamination proceeding on November 16, 2022.

Arbitration with former executives

The Company terminated the employment of Elazar Rabbani, Ph.D., the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, effective April 21, 2022. Dr. Rabbani was a board director of the Company until the Annual Meeting on January 31, 2024, when his term expired. Dr. Rabbani was a party to an employment agreement with the Company that entitled him to certain termination benefits, including severance pay, acceleration of vesting of share-based compensation, and continuation of benefits. Based on the terms of his employment agreement, the Company estimated and accrued a charge of $2,600 in fiscal year 2022 which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The charge was partially offset by the reversal of bonus accruals. In May 2022, the Company paid Dr. Rabbani $2,123 in severance (the payment constituted taxable income but the Company did not withhold taxes from the payment). In July 2022, the Company paid Dr. Rabbani’s income and other withholding taxes of $1,024 related to that payment on Dr. Rabbani’s behalf. Dr. Rabbani disputed, among other things, the Company’s decision to not award him a bonus for fiscal year 2021 and the amount of severance that was owed to him under his employment agreement. On July 8, 2022, the Company filed a demand for arbitration with the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”) seeking, among other things, a declaration that the Company has fully satisfied its contractual obligations to Dr. Rabbani and seeking the tax withholding reimbursement referenced above. On August 4, 2022, Dr. Rabbani filed counterclaims in the arbitration seeking, among other things, a bonus for fiscal year 2021 and additional severance that he asserted was owed to him. At the parties’ joint request, the arbitration has been stayed while the parties work towards resolving the matter. A provision was made in the financial statements as of July 31, 2023 based on a reasonable estimate; however, the actual exposure may differ.

On February 25, 2022, Barry Weiner, the Company’s co-founder and President, notified the Company that he was terminating his employment as President of the Company for “Good Reason” as defined in his employment agreement. The Company accepted Mr. Weiner’s termination, effective April 19, 2022, but disagreed with Mr. Weiner’s assertion regarding “Good Reason.” On October 24, 2023, the Company and Mr. Weiner reached an agreement resolving the dispute and a provision was made in the financial statements as of July 31, 2023 based on the settlement agreement. The Company paid Mr. Weiner $3,600, less applicable withholding taxes, related to the agreement in November 2023.

Other Matters

On or about March 2, 2023, a verified complaint was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County captioned Elazar Rabbani (as plaintiff) v. Mary Tagliaferri, et al. (as defendants), Index No. 651120/2023. The verified complaint purports to assert causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty and corporate waste under N.Y.B.C.L. § 720, and seeks an accounting and certain injunctive relief. Plaintiff served a copy of the verified complaint on Enzo’s agent for service in New York on or about March 13, 2023. On August 4, 2023, defendants moved to dismiss all the causes of action asserted in the verified complaint. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on or about October 4, 2023, adding, among other things, an additional cause of action for violation of N.Y.B.C.L. § 626. On October 23, 2023, Defendants filed a reply in further support of their motion to dismiss. On October 24, 2023, Plaintiff sought leave to file an opposition brief. Defendants filed an opposition to that request on October 26, 2023. On October 31, 2023, in response to a question from the Court’s law clerk, Defendants reiterated that they had elected to apply their original motion to dismiss to the amended pleading. On November 6, 2023, Plaintiff filed an opposition to Defendants’ motion to dismiss. On November 17, 2023, Defendants filed a reply brief in further support of their motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. The Company cannot predict the outcome of this matter.

On or about September 26, 2023, James G. Wolf, Individually and as the Trustee of the Wolf Family Charitable Foundation, Barbaranne R. Wolf, Stephen Paul Wolf, and Preston M. Wolf initiated an appraisal action against Enzo Biochem, Inc. in the New York Supreme Court for Suffolk County. Petitioners seek an appraisal of the value of their shares in the Company. The amount of damages sought by the Petitioners is unspecified. The Company will defend itself vigorously in the appraisal action.

In our discontinued Clinical Labs operations, third-party payers, including government programs, may decide to deny payment or recoup payments for testing that they contend was improperly billed or not medically necessary, against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid (including as a result of their own error), and we may be required to refund payments that we received.

Note 14 – Departure and Appointment of Certain Officers

On September 5, 2023, the Company entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release (the “Separation Agreement”) with Hamid Erfanian, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, which provides for Mr. Erfanian’s separation of employment, resignations from his positions as Chief Executive Officer and as a director of the Company and the payment of severance benefits as described below. Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Mr. Erfanian’s resignations as Chief Executive Officer and as a director became effective immediately and his final date of employment with the Company was November 18, 2023 (the “Separation Date”).

Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Mr. Erfanian is entitled to the following severance benefits: (i) a payment equaling twelve (12) months of his annual base salary of $624, subject to standard payroll deductions and withholdings; (ii) a lump-sum payment of $187, representing his annual bonus; (iii) a grant of restricted shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), in an amount equal to $1,502 with 50% of the restricted Common Stock granted as soon as reasonably practicable after September 13, 2023, and the remaining 50% granted on the earlier of July 24, 2024 or a Change in Control of the Company (as defined in Mr. Erfanian’s employment agreement with the Company); and (iv) the immediate vesting on the Separation Date of the remainder of a restricted stock unit award of 260,000 shares of Common Stock and an option to purchase 700,000 shares of Common Stock that were previously granted to Mr. Erfanian upon his employment. The foregoing are subject to continued compliance with existing restrictive covenants under Mr. Erfanian’s employment agreement with the Company and his reaffirmation.

The severance benefits with respect to salary and bonus were accrued during the three months ended October 31, 2023. The share-based charges related to the immediate vesting of the remainder of the restricted stock unit award and options granted upon employment were also recognized during the three months ended October 31, 2023.

On September 5, 2023, the Company’s board of directors appointed Kara Cannon, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer, to serve as Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which became effective immediately upon Mr. Erfanian’s resignation as Chief Executive Officer. On January 31, 2024, the Company’s board of directors appointed Kara Cannon as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Patricia Eckert, CPA as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

Our disclosure and analysis in this report, including but not limited to the information discussed in this Item 2, contain forward-looking information (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations and products in research and development may include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historic or current facts. They typically use words such as “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “will”, and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operations or financial performance. All forward-looking statements are subject to important factors, risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including industry and economic conditions, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements relating to future actions, prospective products or product approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, foreign currency rates, intellectual property matters, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, and future financial results. We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. As a result, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Investors should bear this in mind as they consider forward-looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement that we make, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. We are also affected by other factors that may be identified from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, some of which are set forth in Item 1A - Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2023 fiscal year. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our periodic reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we have attempted to provide a list of important factors which may affect our business, investors are cautioned that other factors may prove to be important in the future and could affect our operating results.

You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors or to assess the impact of each factor or combination of factors on our business. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Overview

The Company’s Enzo Life Sciences Products reporting unit, as described below, operates in our one reportable segment, Products, and is a global company affected by different US and global economic conditions. Our company evolved out of our core competence: the use of nucleic acids as informational molecules and the use of compounds for immune modulation. Costs excluded from this reporting unit and reported as “Corporate and Other” consist of corporate general and administrative costs which are not allocable to the reportable segment. Below is a brief description of this operating segment (see Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Enzo Life Sciences Products operates through the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (“Enzo Life Sciences”). It manufactures, develops and markets products and tools to life sciences, drug development and clinical research customers world-wide and has amassed a large patent and technology portfolio. Enzo Life Sciences is a recognized leader in labeling and detection technologies across research and diagnostic markets. Our strong portfolio of proteins, antibodies, peptides, small molecules, labeling probes, dyes and kits provides life science researchers tools for target identification/validation, high content analysis, gene expression analysis, nucleic acid detection, protein biochemistry and detection, and cellular analysis. It is globally recognized and acknowledged as a leader in manufacturing, in-licensing, and commercialization of over 20,000 products. The strategic focus of this segment is directed to innovative high quality research reagents and kits in the primary key research areas of genomics, immunohistochemistry, immunoassays, cellular analysis, and small molecule chemistry. The segment is an established source for a comprehensive panel of products to scientific experts in the fields of cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, diabetes and obesity, endocrine disorders, infectious and autoimmune disease, hepatotoxicity and renal injury.

Discontinued operations – sale of Clinical Services business to Labcorp

Effective July 24, 2023, pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 16, 2023 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), we completed the sale of certain assets used in the operation of Enzo Clinical Labs and the assignment of certain clinical lab liabilities to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, a Delaware corporation (“Labcorp”) for an aggregate purchase price of $113.25 million in cash, subject to customary closing adjustments (such assets and liabilities, the “clinical services business”). In connection with the sale, $5 million of escrowed proceeds were included in prepaid and other assets as of January 31, 2024 and in other assets as of July 31, 2023 In accordance with the sale, we ceased our clinical services operations. As a consequence of the sale, for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 we have classified as discontinued operations all income and expenses attributable to the clinical services business.

Discontinued Operations Carve Out and Expense Allocations

As a consequence of the sale of the clinical services business, for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, results from operations for that business are classified as discontinued operations, as are its assets and liabilities as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023. The carve out of the discontinued operations was prepared in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s carve out rules under ASC 205-20 Discontinued Operations and is derived from identifying and carving out the specific assets, liabilities, operating expenses and interest expense associated with the clinical services business’s operations. Certain administrative and overhead expenses, including personnel expenses, which were incurred by us (for which the discontinued operation benefited from such resources) are allocated out of the discontinued operations based upon the identification of those allocated expenses and to the continuing operations.

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, we allocated $561 and $1,097, respectively of selling, general and administrative expenses from the discontinued operations to the continuing operations in the accompanying results of operations tables and explanations.

Ransomware attack

In April 2023, the Company experienced a ransomware attack that impacted certain critical information technology systems. In response, we promptly deployed containment measures, including disconnecting our systems from the internet, launching an investigation with assistance from third-party cybersecurity experts, and notifying law enforcement. We adhered to our disaster recovery plan, which enabled us to maintain operations throughout the incident response process. The Company’s facilities remained open, and we continued to provide services to patients and partners. We later became aware that certain data, including names, test information, and Social Security numbers, was accessed, and in some instances, exfiltrated from the Company’s information technology systems as part of this incident. The investigation identified unauthorized access to or acquisition of clinical test information of approximately 2,470,000 individuals. The Social Security numbers of approximately 600,000 of these individuals may also have been involved. Additionally, the Company has determined that some employees’ information may have been involved. The Company has provided notice to the individuals whose information may have been involved, as well as to regulatory authorities, in accordance with applicable law. The Company has incurred, and may continue to incur, related expenses. The Company’s cybersecurity insurance carrier is covering up to $3 million of the remediation costs related to this incident and is paying all service providers directly from the policy.

The Company remains subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the incident, including as a result of the data that was accessed or exfiltrated from the Company’s network as noted above. Additionally, security and privacy incidents have led to, and may continue to lead to, additional regulatory scrutiny and class action litigation exposure. We are in the process of evaluating the full scope of the costs and related impacts of this incident. See Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements for litigation in connection with this incident.

Results of Operations from Continuing Operations

Three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to January 31, 2023
(in $000s)

Comparative Financial Data from Continuing Operations for the three months ended January 31,

	2024			2023			Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change

Revenues	$	8,553		$	7,514		$	1,039			14

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		4,329			4,616			287			6
Research and development		580			1,125			545			48
Selling, general and administrative		5,068			5,430			362			7
Legal and related expenses		761			888			127			14
Total operating costs and expenses		10,738			12,059			1,321			11

Operating loss		(2,185	)		(4,545	)		2,360			52

Other income (expense):
Interest, net		893			63			830			**
Fair value adjustment		(383	)		—			(383	)		**
Other		119			118			1			**
Foreign exchange gain		693			1,472			(779	)		(53	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(863	)	$	(2,892	)	$	2,029			70

**	not meaningful

Consolidated Results:

The “2024 period” and the “2023 period” refer to the three months ended January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, respectively.

Product revenues were $8.5 million in the 2024 period and $7.5 million in the 2023 period, an increase of approximately $1.0 million or 14%. During the 2024 period, we experienced a 25% increase in revenues in the US market, driven by an increase in the marketing effort in drug development and cell gene therapy markets.

The cost of Product revenues was $4.3 million in the 2024 period and $4.6 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 6%. The gross profit margin for Products was approximately 49% in the 2024 period and 39% in the 2023 period. The 2024 period gross profit was positively impacted by the more positive mix of the types of products sold, higher revenues sourced from the US market, and lower input costs. The 2023 period was negatively impacted by the impact of inflation on materials cost and market adjustment salary increases.

Research and development expenses were $0.6 million in the 2024 period and $1.1 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.5 million or 48%. Throughout the 2024 period there were no research and development activities pertaining to translational research due to our exiting the clinical reference business at the end of fiscal 2023.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $5.1 million during the 2024 period versus $5.4 million during the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 7%. The Corporate and Other segment expense decreased $0.6 million during the 2024 period primarily due to the termination of a former senior officer in first three months of fiscal 2024 and therefore there were no associated compensation costs incurred during the current 2024 period. The Products segment expense in the 2023 period increased approximately $0.3 million compared to the 2023 period due to investments in information technology and sales and marketing.

Legal and related expenses were $0.8 million during the 2024 period and $0.9 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 14%. During both periods, but more so in the 2023 period, we required significant legal expertise and assistance associated with matters related to two former senior executives’ arbitration, one of which was settled during the 2024 period and one of which is ongoing. During the 2024 period, we also required legal expertise and assistance associated with the ransomware attack.

Interest income, net was $0.9 million in the 2024 period and $0.1 million in the 2023 period, a favorable variance of $0.8 million. The 2024 period’s interest income was earned on the net proceeds from the Asset Purchase Agreement (as defined above), which are on deposit in a money market fund. In the 2024 period we incurred interest expense on 10% convertible debentures which partially offset some of the interest income. In the 2023 period, we earned some interest in a money market fund which was partially offset by interest expense primarily on a mortgage.

We recorded a fair value adjustment charge of approximately $0.4 million for the 10% convertible debentures based on their fair value as of January 31, 2024, which are due in May 2024.

Other income in both periods is primarily from the subletting of a portion of our office space in New York, NY.

The foreign exchange gain recognized by the Products segment during the 2024 period was $0.7 million compared to gain of $1.5 million in the 2023 period, an unfavorable variance of $0.8 million.

The revaluation gains in both periods was due to the depreciation of U.S. dollar versus the British pound and Swiss franc as of the end of that period compared to its start and the impact that had on revaluing certain British pound assets and Swiss franc liabilities into U.S. dollars. The depreciation of the U.S. dollar versus these currencies was greater in the 2023 period than the 2024 period.

Results of Operations from Continuing Operations

Six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to January 31, 2023
(in $000s)

Comparative Financial Data from Continuing Operations for the six months ended January 31,

	2024			2023			Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change

Revenues	$	16,359		$	14,617		$	1,742			12

Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues		8,680			9,205			525			6
Research and development		1,429			1,824			395			22
Selling, general and administrative		12,070			10,866			(1,204	)		(11	)
Legal and related expenses		1,835			1,895			60			3
Total operating costs and expenses		24,014			23,790			(224	)		(1	)

Operating loss		(7,655	)		(9,173	)		1,518			17

Other income (expense):
Interest, net		1,870			135			1,735			**
Fair value adjustment		(711	)		—			(711	)		**
Other		276			118			158			**
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(318	)		675			(993	)		**
Loss before income taxes	$	(6,538	)	$	(8,245	)	$	1,707			21

**	not meaningful

Consolidated Results:

The “2024 period” and the “2023 period” refer to the six months ended January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, respectively.

Product revenues were $16.4 million in the 2024 period and $14.6 million in the 2023 period, an increase of approximately $1.7 million or 12%. During the 2024 period, we experienced a 19% increase in the US market and a 6% increase in the European market, partially offset by a small decrease in the Asia Pacific market. The increase in revenues was driven by an increase in the marketing effort in drug development and cell gene therapy markets.

The cost of Product revenues was $8.7 million in the 2024 period and $9.2 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.5 million or 6%. The gross profit margin for Products was approximately 47% in the 2024 period and 37% in the 2023 period. The 2024 period gross profit was positively impacted by the more positive mix of the types of products sold, higher revenues sourced from the US market, and lower input costs. The 2023 period was negatively impacted by the impact of inflation on materials cost and market adjustment salary increases.

Research and development expenses were $1.4 million in the 2024 period and $1.8 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.4 million or 22%. At the start of the 2024 period, we had ended our research and development activities into translation products due to our exiting the clinical reference business.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $12.1 million during the 2024 period versus $10.9 million during the 2023 period, an increase of $1.2 million or 11%. The Corporate and Other segment expense increased $0.7 million during the 2024 period primarily due to severance provisions and accelerated recognition of share-based compensation related to a former senior officer. The Products segment expense in the 2024 period increased $0.5 million compared to 2023 due to investments in information technology and sales and marketing.

Legal and related expenses were $1.8 million during the 2024 period and $1.9 million in the 2023 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 3%. During both periods, but more so in the 2023 period, we required significant legal expertise and assistance associated with matters related to two former senior executives’ arbitration, one of which was settled during the 2024 period and one of which is ongoing. During the 2024 period, we also required legal expertise and assistance associated with the ransomware attack.

Interest income, net was $1.9 million in the 2024 period and $0.1 million in the 2023 period, a favorable variance of $1.7 million. The 2024 period’s interest income was earned on the net proceeds from the Asset Purchase Agreement (as defined above), which are on deposit in a money market fund. In the 2024 period we incurred interest expense on 10% convertible debentures which partially offset some of the interest income. In the 2023 period, we earned some interest in a money market fund which was partially offset by interest expense primarily on a mortgage.

We recorded a fair value adjustment charge of approximately $0.7 million for the 10% convertible debentures based on their fair value as of January 31, 2024, which are due in May 2024.

Other income in both periods is primarily from the subletting of a portion of our office space in New York, NY.

The foreign exchange loss recognized by the Products segment during the 2024 period was $0.3 million compared to gain of $0.7 million in the 2023 period, an unfavorable variance of $1.0 million.

The 2024 period revaluation loss was due to the depreciation of the Swiss franc versus the Euro and British pound as of the end of the period compared to the start of the period and the impact that had when certain Euro and British pound liabilities were revalued into Swiss francs. The revaluation gain in the 2023 period was due to the depreciation of U.S. dollar versus the British pound and Swiss franc as of the end of that period compared to its start and the impact that had on revaluing certain British pound assets and Swiss franc liabilities into U.S. dollars.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our aggregate cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023 was $60.2 million and $83.4 million, respectively. Our working capital was $55.6 million and $58.5 million as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease of $23.1 million in our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balance as of January 31, 2024 was primarily due to the period net loss and by cash used to pay down accounts payable – trade and accrued liabilities particularly those of the discontinued operations.

Net cash used in operating activities during the 2024 period was $22.3 million, compared to $14.9 million during the 2023 period, an unfavorable variance of $7.4 million, primarily due to the period loss and paydown of accounts payable – trade and accrued liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities during the 2024 period was approximately $0.3 million as compared to $1.5 million in the 2023 period and represent capital expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities in the 2024 period amounted to $0.5 million compared to $0.2 million in the 2023 period, an increase of $0.3 million, primarily for withholding taxes on bonuses paid in stock.

The Company is a defendant in a number of legal matters, including class action lawsuits related to the ransomware attack of its information technology systems in April 2023. We face a significant risk due to ongoing litigation that has the potential to result in future financial obligations, adversely impacting the Company’s business and profitability.

Management is not aware of any other trends, events or uncertainties that have or are reasonably likely to have a material negative impact upon our(i) short-term or long-term liquidity, or (ii) net sales or income from continuing operations. Our business is subject to seasonal variations thereby impacting our liquidity and working capital during the course of our fiscal year. To the extent that we do not generate sufficient cash from operations, our cash balances will decline. We may also use our cash to explore and/or acquire new product technologies, applications, product line extensions, or other new business opportunities. In the event that our available cash is insufficient to support such initiatives, we may need to incur indebtedness or issue Common Stock to finance plans for growth. Volatility in the credit markets and the liquidity of major financial institutions may have an adverse effect on our ability to fund our business strategy through borrowings, under either existing or newly created instruments in the public or private markets on terms that we believe to be reasonable, if at all.

Labcorp Asset Purchase Agreement

We have indemnification obligations to Labcorp under the Asset Purchase Agreement that may require us to make future payments to Labcorp and other related persons for any damages incurred by Labcorp or such related persons as a result of any breaches of our representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Asset Purchase Agreement, or arising from the Retained Liabilities (as such term is defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement) or certain third-party claims specified in the Asset Purchase Agreement. Generally, our representations and warranties survive for a period of 15 months from the closing date, which was July 24, 2023, other than certain fundamental representations which survive until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. There is an indemnification cap with respect to a majority of the Company’s indemnification obligations under the Asset Purchase Agreement with the exception of claims for actual fraud, the breach of any fundamental representations and certain other items, which are subject to a higher indemnification cap (up to the purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, we, Labcorp, and an escrow agent entered into an Escrow Agreement at closing, pursuant to which Labcorp deposited $5 million of the aggregate purchase price of the clinical service business into an escrow account established with the Escrow Agent in order to satisfy, in whole or in part, certain of our indemnity obligations, if any, that arise under the Asset Purchase Agreement. If, on the 15-month anniversary of the closing date, there are funds remaining in the escrow account, the Escrow Agent will release any funds remaining in the escrow account to us minus any amounts being reserved for escrow claims asserted by Labcorp prior to such date. Upon the resolution of any pending escrow claims, the Escrow Agent will, within two business days of receipt of joint instructions or a final order from a court (as described in the Escrow Agreement) disburse such reserved amount to the parties entitled to such funds. Through the date of this filing, no disbursements have been made out of the escrow funds.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

General and estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Enzo Biochem, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and judgments also affect related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contractual expense, allowance for expected credit losses, inventory, and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Contingencies

Product revenues

Products revenues consist of the sale of single-use products used in the identification of genomic information and are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment. Payment terms for shipments to end-user and distributor customers may range from 30 to 90 days. Any claims for credit or return of goods may be made generally within 30 days of receipt. Revenues are reduced to reflect estimated credits and returns, although historically these adjustments have not been material. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue, while the related shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of products.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of expected credit losses, which is estimated and recorded in the period of the related revenue.

As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, Products accounts receivable, net were $5,116 and $4,808, respectively. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, these totals include foreign receivables, net, of $1,497 and $1,277, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The liability method requires that any tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carry forwards and other items be reduced by a valuation allowance where it is not more likely than not the benefits will be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions, if any, and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

Inventory

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Work-in-process and finished goods inventories consist of material, labor, and manufacturing overhead. Write downs of inventories to net realizable value are based on a review of inventory quantities on hand and estimated sales forecasts based on sales history and anticipated future demand. Unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and require additional write downs of inventory which would impact our results of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived depreciable assets of an asset or asset group for impairment if indicators of potential impairment exist. Should indicators of impairment exist, the carrying values of the depreciable assets are evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of an asset or asset group. The net book value of the depreciable long lived asset is adjusted to fair value if its expected future undiscounted cash flow is less than its book value.

During the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 there was no impairment of depreciable long-lived assets used in continuing operations.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management conducted an evaluation (as required under Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined under the Exchange Act), under the supervision and with the participation of each of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. Based on this evaluation, as a result of the material weakness identified below, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

As previously disclosed on Current Reports on Form 8-K dated April 13, 2023, and May 30, 2023, respectively, the Company experienced a ransomware attack that impacted certain critical information technology systems. In response, the Company promptly deployed containment measures, including disconnecting its systems from the internet, launching an investigation with assistance from third-party cybersecurity experts, and notifying law enforcement. The Company adhered to its disaster recovery plan, which enabled it to substantially maintain operations throughout the incident response process.

As a result of the ransomware attack and the subsequent investigation, the Company determined a material weakness existed that impaired the Company’s ability to ensure that standard systems and accounting processes could operate effectively. As a result, a reasonable possibility exists that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected and corrected in a timely manner. The following is a description of the material weakness identified:

Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Information and Communication, and Control Activities

We did not maintain effective internal control related to our control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, and control activities:

●

In April 2023, we became aware that we were exposed to a ransomware attack in our Information Technology environment which interrupted systems and affected operations. The effect of these circumstances significantly impacted the following:

our ability to access and reinstate our financial systems for an extended period to a new normal state of operation;

the need to rebuild our financial information from backups as a result of the ransomware attack;

additional workload associated with process workflows that were previously automated but were manually performed as a result of the ransomware attack.

●

We were required to supplement resources and as a result, did not adequately perform in a timely manner the following:

assessment, redesign and timely evaluation of performance of controls over financial reporting risks as a result of existing IT circumstances; and

generate real time information across the organization to allow the finance department to perform timely application of controls; and

Internal controls over financial reporting related to the recording and processing of revenue transactions could not be completed timely using standard methods due to the limitations of access to data.

Management began remediation measures during and after the April 30, 2023 period end which were substantially implemented by July 31, 2023. During the six months of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024, evaluation of certain controls’ effectiveness could not be performed according to the typical frequency or sufficient evidence of control performance was not available for testing due to the cyber incident.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of January 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective because the six months of the period included timeframes during which specific data was not available for testing.

Except as otherwise described above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There have been no other material developments with respect to previously reported legal proceedings discussed in the annual report on Form 10-K, as amended for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, other than as noted in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of January 31, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Exhibit

31.1		Certification of Kara Cannon pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Patricia Eckert pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Kara Cannon pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2		Certification of Kara Cannon pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101. INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101. SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101. CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*	XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is being furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
	(Registrant)

Date: March 13, 2024	by:	/s/ Patricia Eckert
		Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Enzo Biochem Inc.