gthx-20240331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________________________

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-38096

______________________________________________

G1 THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

______________________________________________


Delaware			26-3648180
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

700 Park Offices Drive, Suite 200 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (919) 213-9835

______________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

______________________________________________


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock $.0001 par value	GTHX	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of April 26, 2024 the registrant had 52,281,391 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 5.	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	35
	Signatures	37

PART I- FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).

G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,887	$	32,218
Restricted cash	63		63
Marketable securities	45,299		49,938
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, net	11,654		12,687
Inventories, net	12,548		12,442
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,388		7,600
Total current assets	95,839		114,948
Property and equipment, net	1,355		1,476
Restricted cash	187		187
Operating lease assets	4,630		4,908
Other assets	15		21
Total assets	$	102,026	$	121,540
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,109	$	3,992
Accrued expenses	17,867		21,893
Deferred revenue	396		620
Loan payable, current portion	5,946		—
Other current liabilities	3,285		3,211
Total current liabilities	32,603		29,716
Loan payable, net of current portion	37,147		51,557
Deferred revenue	500		500
Operating lease liabilities	3,996		4,340
Other liabilities	41		41
Total liabilities	74,287		86,154
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023; 52,261,051 and 51,952,741 shares issued as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively; 52,234,385 and 51,926,075 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively	5		5
Treasury stock, 26,666 shares as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023	(8)		(8)
Additional paid-in capital	817,946		815,374
Accumulated deficit	(790,204)		(779,985)
Total stockholders’ equity	27,739		35,386
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	102,026	$	121,540

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Operations (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues
Product sales, net	$	14,079	$	10,492
License revenue	397		2,454
Total revenues	14,476		12,946
Operating expenses
Cost of goods sold	1,079		1,459
Research and development	7,318		15,480
Selling, general and administrative	15,127		21,753
Total operating expenses	23,524		38,692
Loss from operations	(9,048)		(25,746)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	281		716
Interest expense	(1,978)		(3,089)
Other income (expense)	526		524
Total other income (expense), net	(1,171)		(1,849)
Loss before income taxes	(10,219)		(27,595)
Income tax expense	—		—
Net loss	$	(10,219)	$	(27,595)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.53)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	52,171,684		51,647,934

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)


	Common stock			Treasury stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Total stock- holders' equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	51,952,741	$	5	(26,666)	$	(8)	$	815,374	$	(779,985)	$	35,386
Public offering	—	—		—	—		—		—		—
Exercise of common stock options	90,266	—		—	—		26		—		26
Restricted stock units vested	218,044	—		—	—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		2,546		—		2,546
Net loss during quarter	—	—		—	—		—		(10,219)		(10,219)
Balance at March 31, 2024	52,261,051	$	5	(26,666)	$	(8)	$	817,946	$	(790,204)	$	27,739














	Common stock			Treasury stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Total stock- holders' equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	51,526,100	$	5	(26,666)	$	(8)	$	800,768	$	(732,018)	$	68,747
Public offering	—	—		—	—		(1)		—		(1)
Exercise of common stock options	3,008	—		—	—		1		—		1
Restricted stock units vested	156,855	—		—	—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		3,836		—		3,836
Net loss during quarter	—	—		—	—		—		(27,595)		(27,595)
Balance at March 31, 2023	51,685,963	$	5	(26,666)	$	(8)	$	804,604	$	(759,613)	$	44,988

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(amounts in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(10,219)	$	(27,595)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	2,546		3,836
Accretion of discount on available for sale securities	(649)		(513)
Depreciation and amortization	120		132

Amortization of debt issuance costs	290		541

Non-cash interest expense	509		886

Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	1,033		(4,931)
Inventories	(106)		636
Prepaid expenses and other assets	1,928		1,673
Accounts payable	679		(2,327)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(4,805)		(1,389)
Deferred revenue	(224)		(2)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,898)		(29,053)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities	(17,212)		(25,090)
Maturities of marketable securities	22,500		28,000
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment	1		—

Net cash provided by investing activities	5,289		2,910
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from stock options exercised	26		1


Repayment of debt	(8,748)		—

Payment of public offering costs	—		(215)
Net cash used in financing activities	(8,722)		(214)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(12,331)		(26,357)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period	32,468		94,907
End of period	$	20,137	$	68,550
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	1,823	$	2,512
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating activities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	126	$	341

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Notes to Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business

G1 Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of patients with cancer. The Company's first product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), COSELA® (trilaciclib), is the first and only therapy indicated to proactively help protect bone marrow from the damage of chemotherapy (myeloprotection) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (“ES-SCLC”), and is the first innovation in managing myeloprotection in decades. In October 2023, COSELA (trilaciclib hydrochloride for injection) was granted full approval by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for marketing in mainland China. The Company is also exploring the potential use of trilaciclib in certain cancers, focused in the core areas of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (“mTNBC”) and treatment combinations with targeted chemotherapy medicines called antibody-drug conjugates (“ADCs”) including other indications.

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the Company has made all necessary adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented.

The information presented in the condensed financial statements and related notes as of March 31, 2024, and for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, is unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any future period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). The December 31, 2023 condensed balance sheet included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including notes, required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The Company has experienced net losses since its inception and had an accumulated deficit of $790.2 million and $780.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company expects to incur losses and have negative net cash flows from operating activities as it executes on its strategy including engaging in further research and development activities, particularly conducting non-clinical studies and clinical trials. The success of the Company depends on the ability to successfully commercialize its technologies to support its operations and strategic plan. Management has evaluated actions already taken, the significance of anticipated continued losses, future cash flow projections, and the ability of the Company to remain in compliance with the financial covenants and requirements as defined within the Loan Agreement (as defined below). Based on the foregoing, as of the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements, the Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations and remain in compliance with its objective financial covenants for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements. Until such time, if ever, as the Company can generate substantial revenues, the Company expects to finance its cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, other third-party funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure such additional financing if at all, or on terms that are satisfactory to the Company, and that it will be sufficient to meet its needs. In the event the Company is not successful in obtaining sufficient funding, this could force it to delay, limit, or reduce its product development, commercialization efforts or other operations. The Company’s condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.

In connection with the Loan Payable described in Note 7, the Company is required to be in compliance with a minimum cash covenant and is subject to a conditional borrowing base measured on a trailing three-month net revenue basis, which began with the financial reporting for the period ended June 30, 2023, and has been tested monthly thereafter. The lender also has the ability to call debt based on a material adverse change clause, which is subjectively defined. If the Company is not in compliance with the minimum cash covenant, conditional borrowing base requirements, or the subjective acceleration clauses are triggered under the agreement, then the lender may call the debt resulting in the Company immediately needing additional funds. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the minimum cash covenant and the conditional borrowing base requirements as set forth in the Loan Agreement.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed financial statements and the accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates its estimates which include, but are not limited to, estimates related to accrued expenses, accrued external clinical costs, net product sales, and stock-based compensation expense. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2024 consist of amounts on deposit in banks, including checking accounts and money market accounts and funds. Cash deposits are all in financial institutions in the United States. As part of the lease for the office space which commenced on September 2, 2019, the Company obtained a standby letter of credit in the amount of $0.5 million related to the security deposit. This letter of credit is secured by a money market account at the financial institution and is classified as restricted cash on the Company's balance sheet. The letter of credit will be reduced ratably on each anniversary of the commencement of the lease until the end of the lease term. As of March 31, 2024, restricted cash totaled $250 thousand.

Marketable Securities

The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company classified all of its marketable securities at March 31, 2024 as “available-for-sale” pursuant to ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. Investments not classified as cash equivalents are presented as either short-term or long-term investments based on both their maturities as well as the time period the Company intends to hold such securities. Available-for-sale securities are maintained by an investment manager and primarily consist of fixed income securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. Any premium or discount arising at purchase is amortized or accreted to interest income over the life of the instrument. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in other (income) expense, net. As of March 31, 2024, the unrealized gains and losses were not considered to be material.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable consists of amounts due from specialty distributors in the U.S. (collectively, its “customers”) related to sales of COSELA and have standard payment terms. Trade receivables are recorded net of the estimated variable consideration for chargebacks based on contractual terms and the Company’s expectation regarding the utilization and earnings of the chargebacks and discounts as well as the net amount expected to be collected from the Company’s customers. Estimates of the Company’s credit losses, of which there were none for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, are determined based on existing contractual payment terms, individual customer circumstances, and any changes to the economic environment.

In addition, the Company’s accounts receivable consists of open invoices issued to its license partners for services rendered by the Company or receivables with its license partners for invoices related to milestones that were completed and recognized as revenue. The Company also has unbilled accounts receivable related to clinical trial reimbursements where the Company has the right to invoice the license partner and accordingly has recognized revenue. Invoicing to the license partner will occur once the Company has been invoiced by the service provider. As of March 31, 2024, unbilled accounts receivable totaled $0.1 million.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and recognized on a weighted-average cost method. The Company uses actual cost to determine the cost basis for inventory. Inventory is capitalized based on when future economic benefit is expected to be realized. Due to the nature of the Company’s supply chain process, inventory that is owned by the Company, is physically stored at third-party warehouses, logistics providers, and contract manufacturers.

Inventory valuation is established based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, finished goods not meeting product specifications, product excess and obsolescence, or application of the lower of cost or net realizable value concepts. The determination of events requiring the establishment of inventory valuation, together with the calculation of the amount of such adjustments may require judgment. The Company analyzes its inventory levels on a periodic basis to determine if any inventory is at risk for expiration prior to sale or has a cost basis that is greater than its estimated future net realizable value. Any adjustments are recognized through cost of goods sold in the period in which they are incurred.

Debt

The Company classifies its loan payable in current or long-term liabilities based on the timing of scheduled principal payments. The loan and security agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) contains events of default, including a material adverse change, which is subjectively defined, in the Company’s business, payment defaults, and breaches of covenants following any applicable cure period. In the event of default by the Company under the Loan Agreement, the Company may be required to repay all amounts then outstanding under the Loan Agreement. The Company has determined that subjective acceleration under the material adverse events clause included in the Loan Agreement is not probable and, therefore, has classified the outstanding principal amount in long-term liabilities based on the timing of scheduled principal payments.

Revenue Recognition

For elements of those arrangements that the Company determines should be accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the Company assesses which activities in its license or collaboration agreements are performance obligations that should be accounted for separately and determines the transaction price of the arrangement, which includes the assessment of the probability of achievement of future milestones and other potential consideration. For arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, such as granting a license or performing manufacturing or research and development activities, the Company allocates the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price and recognizes revenue that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) control is transferred to the customer and the performance obligation is satisfied. Accordingly, the Company develops assumptions that require judgment to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. These key assumptions may include revenue forecasts, clinical development timelines and costs, discount rates and probabilities of clinical and regulatory success.

License Revenue

Licenses of Intellectual Property

If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue associated with the bundled performance obligation. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of progress and related revenue recognition.

Milestone Payments

At the inception of each arrangement that includes developmental and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the achievement of each milestone specifically relates to the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service within a performance obligation. The Company evaluates each milestone to determine when and how much of the milestone to include in the transaction price. The Company first estimates the amount of the milestone payment that the Company could receive using either the expected value or the most likely amount approach. The Company primarily uses the most likely amount approach as that approach is generally most predictive for milestone payments with a binary outcome. Then, the Company considers whether any portion of that estimated amount is subject to the variable consideration constraint (that is, whether it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur upon resolution of the uncertainty). The Company updates the estimate of variable consideration included in the transaction price at each reporting date which includes updating the assessment of the likely amount of consideration and the application of the constraint to reflect current facts and circumstances. For regulatory milestones, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time upon approval, as that is when achievement of the milestone is considered probable. The Company assesses milestones as they are achieved to determine whether they are tied to any other performance obligations in the respective license agreements.

Royalties

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Product Sales, Net

The Company sells COSELA to specialty distributors in the U.S. and, in accordance with ASC 606, recognizes revenue at the point in time when the customer is deemed to have obtained control of the product. The customer is deemed to have obtained control of the product at the time of physical receipt of the product at the customers’ distribution facilities, or Free on Board (“FOB”) destination, the terms of which are designated in the contract.

Product sales are recorded at the net selling price, which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established for (a) rebates and chargebacks, (b) co-pay assistance programs, (c) distribution fees, (d) product returns, (e) GPO fees, and (f) other discounts. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the applicable contract. The amount of variable consideration may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results in the future vary from estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Liabilities related to co-pay assistance, rebates, returns, and GPO fees are classified as “Accrued Expenses” in the Condensed Balance Sheets. Discounts such as chargebacks and specialty distributor fees are recorded as a reduction to trade accounts receivable, which is included in “Accounts Receivable” in the Condensed Balance Sheets.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. Deposits with financial institutions are insured, up to certain limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company’s cash deposits often exceed the FDIC insurance limit; however, all deposits are maintained with high credit quality institutions and the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The financial condition of financial institutions is periodically reassessed, and the Company believes the risk of any loss is minimal. The Company believes the risk of any loss on cash due to credit risk is minimal.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes direct and indirect costs related to the manufacturing and distribution of COSELA, including third-party manufacturing costs, packaging services, freight-in, third-party logistics costs associated with COSELA, and Company personnel costs. Cost of goods sold may also include period costs related to certain inventory manufacturing services and inventory adjustment charges for excess and obsolete inventory.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to further the Company’s research and development activities and include salaries and related employee benefits, manufacturing of pharmaceutical active ingredients and drug product, costs associated with clinical trials, nonclinical activities, regulatory activities, research-related overhead expenses and fees paid to expert consultants, external service providers and contract research organizations which conduct certain research and development activities on behalf of the Company. Costs incurred in the research and development of products are charged to research and development expense as incurred.

Each reporting period, management estimates and accrues research and development expenses, including external clinical study costs associated with clinical trial activities. The process of estimating and accruing expenses involved reviewing contracts and purchase orders, identifying services that have been provided on the Company’s behalf, and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual costs.

Costs for clinical trial activities were estimated based on an evaluation of vendors’ progress towards completion of specific tasks, using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided by vendors regarding their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of individual contracts and payment timing may differ significantly from the period in which the services were performed. The Company determines accrual estimates through reports from and discussions with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of completion of trials, or the services completed. The estimates of accrued external clinical study costs as of each balance sheet date are based on the facts and circumstances known at the time.

Stock-Based Compensation

The primary type of stock-based payments utilized by the Company are stock options. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements by measuring the cost of employee services received in exchange for all equity awards granted based on the fair value of the award on the grant date. The fair value of each employee stock option is estimated on the date of grant using an options pricing model. The Company currently uses the Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate the fair value of its share-based payments. The model requires management to make a number of assumptions including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The Company also incurs stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), and deferred share units (“DSUs”). The fair value of RSUs, PSUs, and DSUs is determined by the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and then recognized over the requisite service period of the award. As the PSUs have non-market performance and service conditions, compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service periods if and when the achievement of such performance condition(s) is determined to be probable by the Company. If a performance condition is not determined to be probable or is not met, no stock-based compensation expense is recognized. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition(s) at each reporting period. As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not deem the achievement of any performance condition(s) to be probable and no compensation expense related to PSUs was recognized.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the condensed financial statements carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, the Company reflects in the condensed financial statements the benefit of positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a future tax return only when it is considered ‘more-likely-than-not’ that the position taken will be sustained by a taxing authority. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized income tax benefits and correspondingly there is no impact on the Company’s effective income tax rate associated with these items. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties relating to uncertain income tax positions is to record them as a component of income tax expense in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no such accruals.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the related debt based on the effective interest method. In accordance with ASC 835, Interest, the Company presents debt issuance costs on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the associated debt.

3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company provides disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements may be classified based on the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities using the following three levels:


Level 1						Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2						Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3						Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company develops these inputs based on the best information available, including its own data.

The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of their short-term nature.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, these financial instruments and respective fair values have been classified as follows (in thousands):


	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant other unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at March 31, 2024
Assets:
Money market accounts and funds	$	19,696	$	—	$	—	$	19,696
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury Bills	45,299		—		—		45,299
Total assets at fair value	$	64,995	$	—	$	—	$	64,995


	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant other unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2023
Assets:
Money market accounts and funds	$	32,110	$	—	$	—	$	32,110
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury Bills	49,938		—		—		49,938
Total assets at fair value	$	82,048	$	—	$	—	$	82,048

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in valuation methodology.

As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Loan Payable (discussed in Note 7) was $43.1 million, and approximates fair value as the variable interest rate re-prices frequently.

4. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	2,419	$	2,422
Work in process	9,343		9,593
Finished goods	786		427
Inventories, net	$	12,548	$	12,442

The Company uses third party contract manufacturing organizations for the production of its raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and finished drug product which the Company owns. The Company evaluates the risk of excess inventory and product expiry by evaluating current and future product demand relative to product shelf life.

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Computer equipment	$	327	$	327
Laboratory equipment	331		334
Furniture and fixtures	866		866
Leasehold improvements	1,782		1,782
Manufacturing equipment	506		506
Accumulated depreciation	(2,457)		(2,339)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,355	$	1,476

Depreciation expenses relating to property and equipment were $120 thousand and $132 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses are comprised as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued external research	$	19	$	109
Accrued professional fees and other	5,923		5,854
Accrued external clinical study costs	10,345		10,944
Accrued compensation expense	1,580		4,986
Accrued expenses	$	17,867	$	21,893

7. Loan Payable

On May 29, 2020, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”), under which Hercules agreed to lend the Company up to $100.0 million, to be made available in a series of tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions. The first tranche totals $30.0 million, of which the Company received $20.0 million at closing. Upon initiation of the Phase 3 trial of COSELA for metastatic colorectal cancer and receiving FDA approval for COSELA for small cell lung cancer (the "Performance Milestone”), the second tranche of $20.0 million became available to the Company for drawdown through December 15, 2021. The third tranche of $30.0 million was available through December 31, 2022. The fourth tranche of $20.0 million was available at Hercules’ approval through December 31, 2022.

The Loan Agreement was subsequently amended via First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments throughout 2021 and 2022.

On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into a Fifth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”) with Hercules, under which Hercules agreed to lend the Company up to $75.0 million, subject to specified conditions. In conjunction with the closing of the Fifth Amendment, the Company repaid $25.0 million of the outstanding debt such that the total loan amount outstanding upon closing of the Fifth Amendment is $50.0 million. In addition to the $25.0 million principal prepayment, upon closing of the Fifth Amendment, the Company made a $1.7 million pro-rata payment of the end-of-term charge. The Company continues to be required to make a payment to Hercules for $2.1 million on the earliest occurrence of (i) June 1, 2025, (ii) the date the Company repays the outstanding principal amount in full, or (iii) the date that the principal amount becomes due and payable in full.

The Fifth Amendment eliminated advances under Tranches 2 and 3 and increased the advance available under Tranche 4 from $15.0 million to $25.0 million and extended the time for drawing the Tranche 4 Advance (as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement) from June 30, 2024 to December 15, 2024.

Amounts borrowed under the Fifth Amendment will bear an interest rate equal to the greater of either (i) (a) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal, plus (b) 5.65%, and (ii) 9.15%. The Company will make interest only payments through December 1, 2024 and may be extended through December 1, 2025, in quarterly increments, subject to conditional borrowing base compliance. Following the interest only period, the Company will repay the principal balance and interest of the advances in equal monthly installments through November 1, 2026.

The Company may prepay advances under the Fifth Amendment, in whole or in part, at any time subject to a prepayment charge equal to (a) 3.0% of the prepayment amount in the first year from the effective date of the Fourth Amendment; (b) 2.0% of the prepayment amount in the second year from the effective date of the Fourth Amendment; and (c) 1.0% of the prepayment amount in the third year from the effective date of the Fourth Amendment. For the avoidance of doubt, no prepayment charge shall be applicable when repayments are required to maintain compliance with the conditional borrowing base limit as discussed below.

The Fifth Amendment amended the minimum cash covenant such that the Company must maintain unrestricted cash equal to at least 35% of the outstanding debt at all times. The minimum cash covenant shall be eliminated upon the Company's achievement of quarterly net product revenue of $45.0 million or trailing six months net product revenue of $85.0 million.

The Fifth Amendment removed the existing minimum revenue covenant and provided for a conditional borrowing base limit, beginning with the financial reporting for the period ended June 30, 2023, and tested monthly thereafter. The Fifth Amendment also provides that the Company’s debt outstanding shall not exceed certain thresholds of trailing three month net product revenue of COSELA.

The Company evaluated the Fifth Amendment under the guidance found in ASC 470-50 Modification and Extinguishment. The Company concluded that the Fifth Amendment was a modification; accordingly, no gain or loss was recorded. A new effective interest rate was established based on the carrying value of the debt and the revised cash flows. The remaining end of term charges are accreted through interest expense through the maturity date using the updated effective interest rate. The borrowing capacity of the new arrangement is less than the old arrangement. As such, the existing unamortized deferred financing costs of the new arrangement were written off in proportion to the decrease in the borrowing capacity of the unfunded portion of the arrangement. The remaining unamortized deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense and deferred over the commitment term of the new arrangement.

The Loan Agreement contains events of default, including a material adverse change, which is subjectively defined, in the Company’s business, payment defaults, and breaches of covenants following any applicable cure period. In the event of default by the Company under the Loan Agreement, the Company may be required to repay all amounts then outstanding under the Loan Agreement. The Company has determined that subjective acceleration under the material adverse events clause included in the Loan Agreement is not probable and, therefore, has classified the outstanding principal amount in long-term liabilities based on the timing of scheduled principal payments.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company repaid $8.2 million in principal and $0.5 million in a pro-rata portion of the end of term charge. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding principal of $41.8 million does not exceed the required threshold of trailing three month revenue for the period ended March 31, 2024. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024 the Company maintained unrestricted cash equal to more than 35% of the total outstanding debt and has not been notified of an event of default by the lender under the Loan Agreement.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the debt under the Loan Agreement, which approximates its fair value, consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Loan payable, principal	$	41,805	$	50,000
End of term charges	4,907		5,460
Loan payable, including end of term charges	46,712		55,460
Unamortized debt discount, issuance costs, and unaccreted value of end of term charges	(3,619)		(3,903)
Carrying value of loan payable	$	43,093	$	51,557

As of March 31, 2024, the Company classified $5.9 million of the loan payable as current, which represents $6.1 million of principal payments due, net of $0.2 million in amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs from the period ended March 31, 2024 through March 31, 2025.

The effective interest rate of the outstanding debt under the Loan Agreement was approximately 20.7% and 17.3% as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $2.0 million of interest expense related to the debt for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Included in such expense was $0.2 million related to accretion of the end of term charges and an immaterial amount of debt discount and debt issuance cost amortization. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $3.1 million of interest expense related to the debt, of which $0.4 million related to accretion of the end of term charges and an immaterial amount related to debt discount and debt issuance cost amortization. Interest expense is reflected in other income (expense), net on the statement of operations.

Estimated future principal payments due under the Loan Agreement, including the contractual end of term charges and excluding interest, are as follows as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Future Payments
2024	$	1,517
2025	21,685
2026	23,510
Total principal payments, including end of term charges	$	46,712

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock

The Company is authorized to issue 120,000,000 shares of common stock. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share and are entitled to receive dividends, as if and when declared by the Company’s Board of Directors.

Preferred stock

The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock in one or more series. As of March 31, 2024, no shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.

Shares Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company has reserved authorized shares of common stock for future issuance at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 as follows:


	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Common stock options outstanding	7,490,294	6,774,186
RSUs outstanding (1)	1,970,668	1,613,215
PSUs outstanding (1)	310,200	218,450
DSUs outstanding (1)	50,000	50,000
Options, RSUs, PSUs and DSUs available for grant under Equity Incentive Plans (1)	2,007,966	2,385,034
	11,829,128	11,040,885

(1) RSUs, PSUs, and DSUs are further defined in Note 9.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

2011 Equity Incentive Plan

In March 2011, the Company adopted the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan provided for the direct award or sale of the Company’s common stock and for the grant of stock options to employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors of the Company. The 2011 Plan was subsequently amended in August 2012, October 2013, February 2015, December 2015, April 2016 and November 2016 to allow for the issuance of additional shares of common stock. In connection with the adoption of the 2017 Plan (as defined below), the 2011 Plan was terminated and no further awards will be made under the 2011 Plan.

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

In May 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan provides for the direct award or sale of the Company’s common stock and for the grant of up to 1,932,000 stock options to employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors of the Company. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options or restricted stock. Effective January 1, 2024, and in accordance with the “evergreen” provision of the 2017 Plan, an additional 1,096,553 shares were made available for issuance.

Under both the 2011 Plan and the 2017 Plan, options to purchase the Company’s common stock may be granted at a price no less than the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. The fair value shall be the closing sales price for a share as quoted on any established securities exchange for such grant date or the last preceding date for which such quotation exists. Vesting terms of options issued are determined by the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee of the Board. The Company’s stock options vest based on terms in the stock option agreements. Stock options have a maximum term of ten years.

In January 2021, the Company began granting RSUs under the 2017 Plan. RSUs are granted at the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant.

In January 2023, the Company began granting PSUs, which are subject to non-market performance and service conditions, to Company executives under the 2017 Plan. Beginning in January 2024, PSUs will be granted solely to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. PSUs are granted at the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant.

In May 2023, the Company adopted the G1 Therapeutics, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors to enable non-employee directors of the Company (each a “Non-Employee Director”) to elect to defer annually the receipt of shares that vest in accordance with the terms of RSUs granted under the 2017 Plan (the “Vested RSUs”) for service as a Non-Employee Director (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”). The Deferred Compensation Plan is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, the Non-Employee Directors shall be entitled to file with the Compensation Committee of the Board prior to December 31 of each Plan Year (as defined therein) an election form so as to make an election under the Deferred Compensation Plan effective for the following Plan Year, pursuant to which a Non-Employee Director may elect to defer receipt of shares underlying Vested RSUs with respect to RSUs granted in the following Plan Year. The Deferred Compensation Plan is unfunded and unsecured.

As of March 31, 2024, there were a total of 961,972 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2017 Plan.

Amended and Restated 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan

In February 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Inducement Plan”). The 2021 Inducement Plan provides for the grant of up to 500,000 non-qualified options, stock grants, and stock-based awards to employees and directors of the Company. The 2021 Inducement Plan does not include an evergreen provision.

In September 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Sales Force Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Sales Force Inducement Plan”). The 2021 Sales Force Inducement Plan provides for the grant of up to 500,000 non-qualified options, stock grants, and stock-based awards to sales force individuals and support staff that were not previously employees or directors of the Company. The 2021 Sales Force Inducement Plan does not include an evergreen provision.

In March 2022, the Company merged the 2021 Sales Force Inducement Plan into the 2021 Inducement Plan and amended and restated the 2021 Inducement Plan to create the Amended and Restated 2021 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2021 Plan”). In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan was increased by 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, for an aggregate of 1,750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock authorized to issue under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan. The Amended and Restated 2021 Plan does not include an evergreen provision.

As of March 31, 2024, there was a total of 1,045,994 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation costs related to stock options granted to employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The grant date fair value of the stock-based awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective awards. Share-based awards granted to non-employee directors as compensation for serving on the Company’s Board of Directors are accounted for in the same manner as employee share-based compensation awards.

The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, the assumed dividend yield, the expected term of the Company’s stock options and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

The Company also incurs stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs, PSUs, and DSUs. The fair value of RSUs, PSUs, and DSUs is determined by the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and then recognized over the requisite service period of the award. As the PSUs have non-market performance and service conditions, compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service periods if and when the achievement of such performance condition(s) is determined to be probable by the Company. If a performance condition is not determined to be probable or is not met, no stock-based compensation expense is recognized. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition(s) at each reporting period.

The table below summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s statement of operations by classification (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of goods sold	$	19	$	35
Research and development	379		674
Selling, general and administrative	2,148		3,127
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,546	$	3,836

Stock options – Black-Scholes inputs

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the following weighted average assumptions:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Expected volatility	88.8% - 97.9%	81.4% - 86.8%
Weighted-average risk free rate	3.9% - 4.1%	3.4% - 3.9%
Dividend yield	—%	—%
Expected term (in years)	6.08	6.08

Stock Option Activity

The following table is a summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


				Weighted average
	Options outstanding	Weighted average exercise price		Remaining contractual for life (Years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
					(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	6,774,186	$	13.60	6.4	$	944
Granted	1,126,430	2.97
Cancelled	(320,056)	7.28
Exercised	(90,266)	0.30
Balance as of March 31, 2024	7,490,294	$	12.43	6.6	$	2,992
Exercisable at December 31, 2023	4,813,088	$	15.80	5.5	$	859
Vested at December 31, 2023 and expected to vest	6,774,186	$	13.60	6.4	$	944
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	5,029,643	$	15.67	5.5	$	1,054
Vested at March 31, 2024 and expected to vest	7,490,294	$	12.43	6.6	$	2,992

As of March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options totaled $9.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company’s restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are considered nonvested share awards and require no payment from the employee. For each RSU, employees receive one common share at the end of the vesting period. Compensation cost is recorded based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

The following table is a summary of the RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Number of RSUs	Weighted – Average Fair Value per Share
Balance as of December 31, 2023	1,613,215	$	5.25
Granted	813,898	3.12
Cancelled	(238,401)	4.36
Vested	(218,044)	10.54
Balance as of March 31, 2024	1,970,668	$	3.89

As of March 31, 2024, there was $6.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company's RSUs that are expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years.

Performance Based Restricted Stock Units

The Company's performance based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) are considered nonvested share awards and require no payment from the employee. For each PSU, employees receive one common share at the end of the vesting period, subject to non-market performance and service conditions. Compensation cost is recorded based on the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date and is recognized over the requisite service if and when the achievement of such performance condition(s) is determined to be probable by the Company. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition(s) at each reporting period. As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not deem the achievement of any performance condition(s) to be probable and compensation expense related to PSUs was not recognized.

The following table is a summary of the PSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Number of PSUs	Weighted – Average Fair Value per Share
Balance as of December 31, 2023	218,450	$	5.73
Granted	100,700	2.97
Cancelled	(8,950)	5.73
Vested	—	—
Balance as of March 31, 2024	310,200	$	4.83

As of March 31, 2024, there was $1.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company's PSUs that are expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.0 years.

Deferred Share Units

The Company's DSUs are considered nonvested share awards and require no payment from the holders. For each DSU, holders receive one common share on a future date, generally upon “Separation from Service” (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) as a Non-Employee Director of the Company for any reason. Upon settlement, holders will receive one fully paid and non-assessable common share in respect of each vested DSU. Compensation cost is recorded based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

The following table is a summary of the DSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Number of DSUs	Weighted – Average Fair Value per Share
Balance as of December 31, 2023	50,000	$	2.83
Granted	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Vested	—	—
Balance as of March 31, 2024	50,000	$	2.83

As of March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company's DSUs that are expected to vest was immaterial. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.2 years.

10. License Revenue

Incyclix License Agreement

On May 22, 2020 (the "effective date"), the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Incyclix Bio, LLC (“Incyclix”), formerly ARC Therapeutics, LLC, a company primarily owned by a former board member, whereby the Company granted to Incyclix an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license, with the right to sublicense, solely to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, and commercialize products related to its cyclin dependent kinase 2 (“CDK2”) inhibitor compounds. At close, the Company received consideration in the form of an upfront payment of $1.0 million and an equity interest in Incyclix equal to 10% of its issued and outstanding units valued at $1.1 million. In addition, the Company may receive a future development milestone payment totaling $2.0 million and royalty payments in the mid-single digits based on net sales of the licensed compound after commercialization. The Company has right of first negotiation to re-acquire these assets. In the first quarter of 2022, Incyclix announced a new round of financing which the Company did not participate. Following the financing, the Company's equity interest is now approximately 6.5%.

The Company assessed the license agreement in accordance with ASC 606 and identified one performance obligation in the contract, which is the transfer of the license, as Incyclix can benefit from the license using its own resources. The Company recognized $2.1 million in license revenue consisting of the upfront payment and the 10% equity interest in Incyclix upon the effective date as the Company determined the license was a right to use the intellectual property and the Company had provided all necessary information to Incyclix to benefit from the license.

The Company considers the future potential development milestone and sales-based royalties to be variable consideration. The development milestone is excluded from the transaction price because it determined the payment to be fully constrained under ASC 606 due to the inherent uncertainty in the achievement of such milestone due to factors outside of the Company’s control. As sales-based royalties are all related to the license of the intellectual property, the Company will recognize revenue in the period when subsequent sales are made pursuant to the sales-based royalty exception. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price in each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur.

There was no revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Genor License Agreement

On June 15, 2020, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Genor Biopharma Co. Inc. (“Genor”) for the development and commercialization of lerociclib in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam (the “Genor Territory”). Under the license agreement, the Company granted to Genor an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable license, with the right to grant sublicenses, to develop, obtain, hold and maintain regulatory approvals for, and commercialize lerociclib, in the Genor Territory.

Under the license agreement, Genor agreed to pay the Company a non-refundable, upfront cash payment of $6.0 million with the potential to pay an additional $40.0 million upon reaching certain development and commercial milestones. In addition, Genor will pay the Company tiered royalties ranging from high single to low double-digits based on annual net sales of lerociclib in the Genor Territory. In September 2020, the Company transferred to Genor the related technology and know-how that is necessary to develop, seek regulatory approval for, and commercialize lerociclib in the Genor Territory, which resulted in the recognition of $6.0 million in revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Since then, through December 31, 2022, the Company had recognized an additional $3.0 million in revenue for the achievement of development and commercial milestones as defined by the license agreement.

There was no milestone revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

EQRx License Agreement

On July 22, 2020, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with EQRx, Inc. (“EQRx”) for the development and commercialization of lerociclib in the U.S., Europe, Japan and all other global markets, excluding the Asia-Pacific region (except Japan) (the “EQRx Territory”). Under the license agreement, the Company granted to EQRx an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable license, with the right to grant sublicenses, to develop, obtain, hold and maintain regulatory approvals for, and commercialize lerociclib in the EQRx Territory.

Under the license agreement, EQRx agreed to pay the Company a non-refundable, upfront cash payment of $20.0 million with the potential to pay an additional $290.0 million upon reaching certain development and commercial milestones. In addition, EQRx would pay the Company tiered royalties ranging from mid-single digits to mid-teens based on annual net sales of lerociclib in the EQRx Territory. In September 2020, the Company transferred to EQRx the related technology and know-how that was necessary to develop, seek regulatory approval for, and commercialize lerociclib in the EQRx Territory which resulted in the recognition of $20.0 million in revenue in accordance with ASC 606. EQRx was responsible for the development of the product in the EQRx Territory. The Company agreed to continue until completion, as the clinical trial sponsor, its two primary clinical trials and EQRx agreed to reimburse the Company for all related out-of-pocket costs incurred after the effective date of the license agreement.

On August 1, 2023, the Company received from EQRx formal notice of termination of the lerociclib license agreement in connection with the acquisition of EQRx by Revolution Medicines, Inc. The notice stated the intention to revert the lerociclib product rights back to the Company. Under the terms of the license agreement, EQRx is responsible for winding down its development activities. On September 13, 2023, the parties entered into a letter agreement whereby EQRx would pay the Company $1.6 million to reimburse anticipated wind down costs; the payment was received during the third quarter of 2023. No milestones were previously achieved through the date of termination of the lerociclib license agreement, and as a result of the termination, the Company will not receive any further milestone payments or future royalties from EQRx.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the remaining $0.2 million previously held as short-term deferred revenue on the balance sheet for the year-ended December 31, 2023 was recognized as revenue as the remaining clinical trial wind down costs following EQRx's termination of the license agreement were incurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $0.4 million for the reimbursement of patent and clinical trial costs. No development and commercial milestones, as defined by the license agreement, were achieved through March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Simcere License Agreement

On August 3, 2020, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Simcere for the development and commercialization of trilaciclib in all indications in Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan) (the “Simcere Territory”). Under the license agreement, the Company granted to Simcere an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable license, with the right to grant sublicenses, to develop, obtain, hold and maintain regulatory approvals for, and commercialize trilaciclib in the Simcere Territory. Since entering into the license agreement, the Company had received an upfront payment of $14.0 million and an additional $22.0 million for the achievement of development milestones through December 31, 2022.

On April 28, 2023, the Company amended the license agreement with Simcere, whereby the Company received a one-time, non-refundable payment of $30.0 million in exchange for the relief of future royalty payments from the sale of COSELA in Greater China. In addition, the milestone payments under the license agreement were adjusted such that the Company will be eligible to receive a $5.0 million payment upon Simcere’s filing an NDA of TNBC in mainland China and a $13.0 million payment upon Simcere receiving regulatory approval of TNBC in mainland China. Under the amended license agreement, Simcere is not responsible for any sales milestone payments or any royalties accrued after April 28, 2023. Following the amendment, the Company continues to own all the global development and commercial rights to trilaciclib, excluding Greater China.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million in patent and clinical trial reimbursable costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $1.4 million in revenue from supply and manufacturing services and $0.5 million in royalty revenue. No milestone revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

11. Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period including nominal issuances of common stock warrants. Diluted net loss per common share is computed using the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and, if dilutive, the weighted average number of potential shares of common stock, including the assumed exercise of stock options, stock warrants and unvested restricted common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 the following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Stock options issued and outstanding	7,715,721	8,085,891
Unvested RSUs	1,959,536	952,481
Unvested PSUs	314,749	211,168
Unvested DSUs	50,000	—
Total potential dilutive shares	10,040,006	9,249,540

Amounts in the table above reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.

12. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company continues to recognize losses in the United States and therefore, has recorded no tax benefit associated with these losses.

13. Related Party Transactions

On September 19, 2023, Mark A. Velleca, M.D., Ph.D., notified the Company of his decision to resign from the Company's Board of Directors, effective as of September 30, 2023. Dr. Velleca was a member of the Board since May 2014. Dr. Velleca’s decision to resign was not due to any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

Dr. Velleca continues to serve as a senior advisor to the Company pursuant to the terms of a Senior Advisor Agreement dated September 29, 2020 (the “Agreement”), as amended by that certain First Amendment to Senior Advisor Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2023 (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, the term of the Agreement was extended from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024. Dr. Velleca will not receive any cash or equity compensation for his services during the period from January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 (the “Extended Term”). However, any stock options held by Dr. Velleca will continue to vest in accordance with their terms during the Extended Term.

14. Subsequent Events

On April 30, 2024, the Company entered into a licensing agreement with Pepper Bio, Inc. ("Pepper Bio") for lerociclib for all indications except for certain radioprotectant uses. Pepper Bio will gain exclusive rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize lerociclib for all indications except for certain radioprotectant uses in the US, Europe, Japan, and all other global markets, excluding the Asia-Pacific region. Under the terms of the agreement, G1 expects to receive upfront payments totaling mid-single digit millions within 12 months, and is eligible to receive a maximum of $135.0 million upon achievement of development and commercial milestones in up to three indications. In addition, Pepper Bio will pay the Company a double-digit royalty on aggregate annual net sales of lerociclib.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. This discussion and other parts of this quarterly report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2023 Form 10-K, and in our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “G1” mean G1 Therapeutics, Inc.

Overview

We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of patients with cancer. COSELA® (trilaciclib), our first product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), is the first and only therapy indicated to proactively help protect bone marrow (myeloprotection) from the damage of chemotherapy and is the first innovation in managing myeloprotection in decades. COSELA (trilaciclib hydrochloride for injection) is also approved by the China National Medical Products Administration ("NMPA") for marketing in mainland China and is commercialized by our partner, Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Simcere"), in Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan).

Trilaciclib was developed from a technology platform that targets key cellular pathways including transient arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase, prior to the beginning of DNA replication. Controlled administration and clean G1 arrest from transient CDK4/6 inhibition may protect bone marrow and the immune system from cytotoxic damage during treatment. Transient CDK4/6 inhibition also may improve survival in combination with leading and emerging treatments by improving long-term immune surveillance. This can be accomplished through protection of the immune system for improved longer-term function and by potentially increasing the generation of memory T cells, which may provide additional benefit after treatment. We are exploring the use of trilaciclib in clinical trials to optimize these potential benefits in combination with leading and emerging treatments for patients. Beyond our initial extensive-stage small cell lung cancer ("ES-SCLC") indication in the United States, we plan to focus our efforts on two core development paths for trilaciclib in order to optimize the opportunity ahead, including: (1) triple negative breast cancer ("TNBC"), where trilaciclib has demonstrated potential benefits across treatment settings in multiple Phase 2 studies, and (2) in antibody-drug conjugate ("ADC") combinations, in TNBC and potentially other additional tumor types.

We believe we have opportunities for significant growth, including (1) optimizing COSELA in our initial ES-SCLC marketed indication in the U.S., (2) commercializing this potentially transformational new treatment option for patients with metastatic TNBC, provided positive Phase 3 results and regulatory approval, (3) advancing development in combination with leading ADC treatments with an opportunity to meaningfully improve their efficacy and safety, and (4) pursuing global expansion through ongoing partnering initiatives.

We use “COSELA” when referring to our FDA approved drug and “trilaciclib” when referring to our development of COSELA for additional indications.

Commercial Product

On February 12, 2021, FDA approved COSELA (trilaciclib for intravenous injection) to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in adult patients treated with a platinum/etoposide-containing regimen or topotecan-containing regimen for ES-SCLC. COSELA became commercially available in the United States through our specialty distributor network on March 2, 2021.

COSELA is also commercially available in Greater China (i.e., mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) pursuant to an exclusive license agreement with Simcere in August 2020 to develop and commercialize trilaciclib for any indication in humans through parenteral delivery, including intravenous delivery, in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive license to Simcere for trilaciclib in Greater China" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details. COSELA (trilaciclib hydrochloride for injection) is indicated in Greater China to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in adult patients when administered prior to a platinum/etoposide-containing regimen for ES-SCLC.

Product Portfolio

Our product portfolio consists of three assets: trilaciclib and lerociclib, both of which are CDK4/6 inhibitors, and a CDK2 inhibitor.

Trilaciclib

As a condition of marketing approval in ES-SCLC, we are required to conduct a post marketing trial of trilaciclib in combination with chemotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC to evaluate survival outcomes. To meet this requirement, a trial of trilaciclib or placebo in combination with topotecan in patients with ES-SCLC has been initiated and the first patient was enrolled in October 2023.

Beyond our continued development and commercialization of our initial ES-SCLC indication in the U.S., we are focusing our efforts on two core development paths for trilaciclib, including (1) TNBC, where trilaciclib has demonstrated potential benefits across treatment settings in multiple Phase 2 studies, and (2) ADC combinations, in TNBC and potentially other additional tumor types.

Trilaciclib is a novel therapy designed to transiently arrest cells that are dependent on CDK4/6 for proliferation, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells ("HSPCs"), in the G1 phase. The unique product attributes of trilaciclib include: (1) rapid onset from IV administration, (2) potent and selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibition, and (3) a short half-life. These attributes enable a controlled administration of trilaciclib intended to achieve a precisely timed effect, a robust clean G1-phase arrest, and an optimal environment for T-cells to proliferate.

Trilaciclib has demonstrated an ability to protect the bone marrow and immune system from damage during cytotoxic treatment. This may lead to reduced hematologic adverse events ("AEs"), which can mitigate the need for rescue interventions and hospitalizations and potentially increase the ability of patients to receive longer durations of treatment. Trilaciclib may also improve survival in combination with leading and emerging treatments through its potential to improve long term immune surveillance in patients following treatment. This may occur through protection of immune system function, as well as the potential for trilaciclib to increase the generation of memory T cells. These potential effects may provide additional longer-term benefit for cancer patients after initial trilaciclib treatment.

Development Pipeline for trilaciclib

Candidate

Indication

Phase / Status

Milestone

Endpoints

Development &
Commercialization Rights
(all indications)

trilaciclib

1L metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC)

Registrational Phase 3 trial (enrollment complete)

Final OS results expected in late 2Q 2024

Primary: OS
Secondary: PRO, myeloprotection, PFS/ORR

G1 Therapeutics owns all global development and commercial rights across all indications, with the exception of Greater China (Simcere)

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) combination trial in mTNBC

Phase 2 trial (enrollment complete)

Initial OS results presented in 1Q 2024; updated results to be presented at ASCO 2024

Primary: PFS
Secondary: ORR, OS, safety, myeloprotection, others

Neoadjuvant TNBC - Mechanism of action (MOA) trial

Phase 2 trial (trial complete)

Results presented at ASCO 2023

Primary: Immune-based MOA
Secondary: pCR, immune response, others

1L Bladder cancer (mUC)

Phase 2 trial
(trial complete)

Results to be presented at a future medical meeting

Primary: PFS
Secondary: ORR, OS, safety and efficacy, others

PFS=progression-free survival; OS=overall survival; PRO=patient reported outcome; ORR=overall response rate; pCR=pathological complete response; ASCO=American Society of Clinical Oncology; mUC=metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

In addition to the above-described ongoing clinical trials, we are supporting multiple investigator sponsored studies ("ISS") and conducting a post-marketing trial. See "Business - Preclinical and Clinical Development - Ongoing Clinical Trials" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Lerociclib

Lerociclib is a differentiated clinical-stage oral CDK4/6 inhibitor being developed for use in combination with other targeted therapies in multiple oncology indications. We are not actively pursuing preclinical or clinical development activities for lerociclib. In 2020, we out-licensed the development and commercialization of lerociclib in all indications. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive License to Genor for lerociclib in certain licensed territories" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

CDK2 Inhibitor

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 ("CDK2") is an internally discovered inhibitor. We are not actively pursuing preclinical or clinical development activities for CDK2. In 2020, we out-licensed the development and commercialization of CDK2 inhibitor for all human and veterinary uses. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive License to Incyclix" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Financial Overview

Since our inception in 2008, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to synthesizing, acquiring, testing and developing our product candidates, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials and providing selling, general and administrative support for these operations as well as securing intellectual property protection for our products. Currently, COSELA is our only product approved for sale. We began generating revenue for the net product sales from COSELA in March of 2021. We recorded $14.1 million and $46.3 million of net product sales from COSELA for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. We recorded $0.4 million and $36.2 million of license revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, our loan agreement with Hercules, and licensing arrangements. Under our licensing arrangements, we are eligible to receive certain development and sales-based milestones. Our ability to earn these milestones and the timing of achieving these milestones is primarily dependent upon the outcome of the licensee’s activities and is uncertain at this time.

As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $19.9 million and marketable securities of $45.3 million. Since inception we have incurred net losses. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $790.2 million. Substantially all of our net losses have resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs, our commercial launch of COSELA, and from selling, general and administrative expenses associated with our operations. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses. As disclosed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section, as of the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements, we expect that our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 will be sufficient to fund our planned operations and remain in compliance with our objective financial covenants for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements. To date, inflation has not had a material impact on our business, but if the global inflationary trends continue, we expect appreciable increases in clinical trial, selling, labor, and other operating costs. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases of our product. Our inability or failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, currently there is a conflict involving Russia and Ukraine and a conflict involving Israel and Hamas, and these conflicts may directly or indirectly impact our contract research organizations, clinical data management organizations, and clinical investigators’ ability to conduct certain of our trials in Eastern European countries, and may increase our product development costs and materially harm our business.

We also expect to continue incurring costs for research and development, commercial activities, and selling, general and administrative expenses, in connection with our ongoing and future initiatives as we:

•continue development of trilaciclib, including continuation of ongoing clinical trials;

•seek additional marketing approvals for trilaciclib upon successful completion of clinical trials;

•grow our sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize COSELA and any future products for which we may obtain marketing approval;

•achieve market acceptance of our product in the medical community and with third-party payors;

•maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio;

•enter into collaboration arrangements, if any, for the development of our product or in-license other products and technologies;

•add personnel to support our product development and planned future commercialization efforts; and

•continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenues

On February 12, 2021, COSELA was approved by the FDA and we began generating revenue for the product sales of COSELA in March 2021. Prior to the approval of COSELA, our revenues were derived from our license agreements.

Pursuant to the exclusive license agreement with Simcere, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized $0.1 million in patent and clinical trial reimbursable costs. We did not receive any development milestones during the three months ended March 31, 2024. On April 28, 2023, we amended the license agreement with Simcere, whereby we received a one-time, non-refundable payment of $30.0 million in exchange for the relief of future royalty payments from the sale of COSELA in Greater China, which was recognized as license revenue during the period. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive license to Simcere for trilaciclib in Greater China" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Pursuant to the terminated exclusive license agreement with EQRx, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized as revenue the remaining $0.2 million previously held as short-term deferred revenue on the balance sheet for the year-ended December 31, 2023, as the remaining clinical trial wind down costs following EQRx's termination of the license agreement were incurred. No milestones were previously achieved through the date of termination of the lerociclib license agreement, and as a result of the termination, we will not receive any further milestone payments or future royalties from EQRx. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive license to EQRx for lerociclib" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Pursuant to the exclusive license agreement with Genor, we have the potential to receive $40.0 million upon reaching development and commercial milestones, and receive tiered royalties ranging from high single to low double-digits based on annual net sales of lerociclib in the Genor Territory. We did not receive any development milestones during the three months ended March 31, 2024. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive license to Genor for lerociclib" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Pursuant to the exclusive license agreement with Incyclix, we are entitled to receive an additional milestone payment and sales-based royalties, and have right of first negotiation to re-acquire these assets. We did not receive the development milestone payment during the three months ended March 31, 2024. See "Business - License Agreements - Exclusive license to Incyclix" section of the 2023 Form 10-K for more details.

Operating expenses

We classify our operating expenses into three categories: cost of goods sold, research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation expense, comprise a significant component of each of these expense categories. We allocate expenses associated with personnel costs based on the nature of work associated with these resources. In addition, costs to sell and market COSELA are included within selling, general and administrative expense categories.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold includes direct and indirect costs related to the manufacturing and distribution of COSELA, including third-party manufacturing costs, packaging services, freight-in, third-party logistics costs associated with COSELA, and personnel costs. Cost of goods sold may also include period costs related to certain inventory manufacturing services and inventory adjustment charges for excess and obsolete inventory.

Research and Development Expenses

The largest component of our total operating expenses since inception has been research and development activities, including the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consists of:

•salaries and personnel-related costs, including bonuses, benefits and any stock-based compensation, for our scientific personnel performing or managing out-sourced research and development activities;

•costs incurred under agreements with contract research organizations and investigative sites that conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials;

•costs related to manufacturing pharmaceutical active ingredients and drug product for preclinical studies and clinical trials;

•fees paid to consultants and other third parties who support our product development; and

•allocated facility-related costs and overhead.

The successful development of our products is highly uncertain. Products in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. Accordingly, we expect research and development costs to increase as we conduct later stage clinical trials. However, we do not believe that it is possible at this time to accurately project total program-specific expenses. Our expenditures on current and future preclinical and clinical development programs are subject to numerous uncertainties in timing and cost to completion. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of our products will depend on a variety of factors, including:

•the scope, rate of progress, and expenses of our ongoing as well as any additional clinical trials and other research and development activities;

•future clinical trial results;

•uncertainties in clinical trial enrollment rates or drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;

•potential additional studies requested by regulatory agencies;

•significant and changing government regulation; and

•the timing and receipt of any regulatory approvals.

We track research and development expenses on a program-by-program basis only for clinical-stage product candidates. Preclinical research and development expenses and chemical manufacturing research and development expenses are not assigned or allocated to individual development programs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs, allocated expenses and other expenses for outside professional services, including legal, audit and accounting services. Personnel costs consist of salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation. Other selling, general and administrative expenses include facility-related costs not otherwise allocated to research and development expense, professional fees, commercialization costs, expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining patents and costs of our information systems. We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future as we continue to expand our commercialization of COSELA.

Total other income (expense), net

Total other income (expense), net consists of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and interest expenses incurred under our loan and security agreement with Hercules.

Income taxes

To date, we have not been required to pay U.S. federal or state income taxes because we have not generated taxable income. We did not recognize any income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Results of operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Change
	2024		2023		$
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Product sales, net	$	14,079	$	10,492	$	3,587
License revenue	397		2,454		(2,057)
Total revenues	14,476		12,946		1,530
Operating expenses
Cost of goods sold	1,079		1,459		(380)
Research and development	7,318		15,480		(8,162)
Selling, general and administrative	15,127		21,753		(6,626)
Total operating expenses	23,524		38,692		(15,168)
Loss from operations	(9,048)		(25,746)		16,698
Other income (expense)
Interest income	281		716		(435)
Interest expense	(1,978)		(3,089)		1,111
Other income (expense)	526		524		2
Total other income (expense), net	(1,171)		(1,849)		678
Loss before income taxes	(10,219)		(27,595)		17,376
Income tax expense	—		—		—
Net Loss	$	(10,219)	$	(27,595)	$	17,376

Product sales, net

Product sales, net was $14.1 million and $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The increase of $3.6 million, or 34%, was primarily due to increased sales volume as we continued our commercialization efforts.

License revenue

License revenue was $0.4 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. License revenue decreased $2.1 million, or 84%. In the current period, we recognized $0.4 million in license revenue related to patent and clinical trial costs reimbursed primarily by EQRx and Simcere.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold was $1.1 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease of $0.4 million, or 27%, was primarily due to a cancellation fee recognized during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

Research and development

Research and development expenses were $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $8.2 million, or 53%, was primarily due to a decrease of $7.6 million in our clinical program costs, and a decrease of $0.6 million in personnel costs related to manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products to support our clinical trials. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses allocated to trilaciclib, rintodestrant (discontinued), lerociclib, and unallocated research and development expenses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Clinical Program Expenses—trilaciclib	$	7,014	$	13,988
Clinical Program Expenses—rintodestrant

SEC Form 10-Q filed by G1 Therapeutics Inc.