UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2025
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from_____ to _____
Commission File No. 001-11507
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | Zip Code | |||||||
( | ||||||||
| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code | ||||||||
| Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report | ||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Accelerated filer o | |||||
Non-accelerated filer o | |||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock as of August 31, 2025 were:
Class A, par value $1.00 – 44,434,726
Class B, par value $1.00 – 8,767,793
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
| PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||||||
Item 5. | ||||||||
2
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, consolidated financial condition, and results of operations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s prospects and make informed investment decisions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plan,” “assumes,” “could,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “potential,” “seek,” “predict,” “may,” “will,” and similar references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans, and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, anticipated restructuring charges and savings, operations, performance, and financial condition. Reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements, as actual results may differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements are based upon many assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are subject to change based on many important factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to (i) the level of investment by Wiley in new technologies and products; (ii) subscriber renewal rates for our journals; (iii) the financial stability and liquidity of journal subscription agents; (iv) the consolidation of book wholesalers and retail accounts; (v) the market position and financial stability of key retailers; (vi) the seasonal nature of our educational business and the impact of the used book market; (vii) worldwide economic and political conditions; (viii) our ability to protect our copyrights and other intellectual property worldwide; (ix) our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations and realize expected opportunities; (x) the ability to realize operating savings over time and in fiscal year 2026 in connection with our multiyear Global Restructuring Program and completed dispositions; (xi) cyber risk and the failure to maintain the integrity of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties with which we do business; (xii) as a result of acquisitions, we have and may record a significant amount of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets and we may never realize the full carrying value of these assets; (xiii) our ability to leverage artificial intelligence technologies in our products and services, including generative artificial intelligence, large language models, machine learning, and other artificial intelligence tools; and (xiv) other factors detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Please refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and as revised and updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
We present financial information that conforms to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (US GAAP). We also present financial information that does not conform to US GAAP, which we refer to as non-GAAP.
In this report, we may present the following non-GAAP performance measures:
•Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Adjusted EPS);
•Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending;
•Adjusted Revenue;
•Adjusted Operating Income and margin;
•Adjusted Income Before Taxes;
•Adjusted Income Tax Provision;
•Adjusted Effective Tax Rate;
•EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), Adjusted EBITDA and margin; and
•Results on a constant currency basis.
3
Management uses these non-GAAP performance measures as supplemental indicators of our operating performance and financial position as well as for internal reporting and forecasting purposes, when publicly providing our outlook, to evaluate our performance and calculate incentive compensation. We present these non-GAAP performance measures in addition to US GAAP financial results because we believe that these non-GAAP performance measures provide useful information to certain investors and financial analysts for operational trends and comparisons over time. The use of these non-GAAP performance measures may also provide a consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and performance trends by excluding items that we do not consider to be controllable activities for this purpose.
The performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. We present both Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EBITDA for each of our reportable segments as we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides additional useful information to certain investors and financial analysts for operational trends and comparisons over time. It removes the impact of depreciation and amortization expense, as well as presents a consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and compare our financial performance to that of our peer companies and competitors.
For example:
•Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income and margin, Adjusted Income Before Taxes, Adjusted Income Tax Provision, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA and margin, provide a more comparable basis to analyze operating results and earnings and are measures commonly used by shareholders to measure our performance.
•Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common stock dividends, and fund share repurchases and acquisitions.
•Results on a constant currency basis remove distortion from the effects of foreign currency movements to provide better comparability of our business trends from period to period. We measure our performance excluding the impact of foreign currency (or at constant currency), which means that we apply the same foreign currency exchange rates for the current and equivalent prior period.
In addition, we have historically provided these or similar non-GAAP performance measures and understand that some investors and financial analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our operating margins and net income, and in comparing our financial performance to that of our peer companies and competitors. Based on interactions with investors, we also believe that our non-GAAP performance measures are regarded as useful to our investors as supplemental to our US GAAP financial results, and that there is no confusion regarding the adjustments or our operating performance to our investors due to the comprehensive nature of our disclosures.
Non-GAAP performance measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by US GAAP and therefore may not be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial results under US GAAP. The adjusted metrics have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, US GAAP information. It does not purport to represent any similarly titled US GAAP information and is not an indicator of our performance under US GAAP. Non-GAAP financial metrics that we present may not be comparable with similarly titled measures used by others. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on these non-GAAP measures.
4
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION – UNAUDITED
In thousands
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ | |||||||||||
| Inventories, net | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Technology, property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Other non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and shareholders' equity: | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued royalties | |||||||||||
| Short-term portion of long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued employment costs | |||||||||||
| Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Accrued pension liability | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) | |||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class A common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class B convertible common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||
Less treasury shares at cost (Class A – | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET INCOME (LOSS) – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands except per share information
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Costs and expenses: | |||||||||||
| Cost of sales | |||||||||||
| Operating and administrative expenses | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | |||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | |||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net foreign exchange transaction (losses) gains | ( | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | ( | ||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | ( | ||||||||||
| Income before taxes | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | |||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income: | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ||||||||||
Unamortized retirement costs, net of tax (expense) benefit of $( | ( | ||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax (expense) of $( | ( | ||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | |||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net loss (gain) on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | ( | ||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Amortization of product development assets | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Employee retirement plan expense | |||||||||||
| Other noncash charges | |||||||||||
| Net change in operating assets and liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Investing activities | |||||||||||
| Product development spending | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Additions to technology, property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash proceeds (transferred) related to the sale of businesses and assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Acquisitions of publication rights and other | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Financing activities | |||||||||||
| Repayments of long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Borrowings of long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury shares | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in book overdrafts | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash dividends | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash reconciliation: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Decrease for the period | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for: | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes, net of refunds | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
8
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands
| Class A common stock | Class B common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | Treasury stock | Total shareholders' equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury shares | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A common stock dividends ($ | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class B common stock dividends ($ | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock class conversions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at July 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
| Class A common stock | Class B common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | Treasury stock | Total shareholders' equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury shares | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A common stock dividends ($ | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class B common stock dividends ($ | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock class conversions | ( | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income, net of tax | — | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at July 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
9
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
Throughout this report, when we refer to “Wiley,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us,” we are referring to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and all our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.
Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition, Results of Operations, Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of April 30, 2025 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures from the annual financial statements. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. All amounts are presented in United States (US) dollars, unless otherwise specified. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 as filed with the SEC on June 25, 2025 (2025 Form 10-K).
Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of the SEC. As permitted under those rules, annual footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by US GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
10
Note 2 — Recent Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
There were no recently adopted accounting standards which would have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets
In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-05, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets." In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and/or current contract assets, we can elect a practical expedient in accordance with this new ASU that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset.
This ASU is effective for us on May 1, 2026 and interim periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is applied prospectively if the practical expedient is elected. We are currently assessing the impact the practical expedient could have on our consolidated financial statements if elected.
Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses
In November 2024 the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” In January 2025, the FASB clarified the effective date of this guidance with the issuance of ASU 2025-01, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date.” This ASU requires disclosure about specific types of expenses included in expense captions including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. This ASU is effective for our annual disclosures starting fiscal year 2028 and interim periods starting in fiscal year 2029. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are currently assessing the impact of the disclosure requirements on our consolidated financial statements.
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023 the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. This ASU is effective for our annual disclosures starting fiscal year 2026. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are currently assessing the impact of the disclosure requirements on our consolidated financial statements.
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Note 3 — Divestitures
We recorded net pretax (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
University Services | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
CrossKnowledge | |||||||||||
Wiley Edge | ( | ||||||||||
| Tuition Manager | |||||||||||
Other disposition activity | ( | ||||||||||
Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
These charges are reflected in Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
University Services
On January 1, 2024, we completed the sale of University Services which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. On June 5, 2025, Wiley entered into an agreement with Metis Aggregator L.P. and Vistria AP Aggregator, LLC to sell the unsecured promissory note (University Services Seller Note), the contingent consideration in the form of an earnout (University Services Earnout) for fiscal year 2026, and the TVG Investment, and agreed with Education Services Upper Holdings Corp. (Upper Holdings) and Academic Partnerships LLC (Academic Partnerships) on the fiscal year 2025 University Services Earnout for total cash consideration of $119.5 million (Sale Agreement) which was fully paid in June 2025. As a result of this Sale Agreement, all amounts due to Wiley in accordance with the Membership Interest and Asset Purchase Agreement (University Services Agreement) with Academic Partnerships, and Upper Holdings have been settled. As a result of the sale of these assets, we recognized an additional pretax loss of $0.9 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025.
In the three months ended July 31, 2024, we recognized a reduction to the pretax loss on sale of $1.5 million due to third-party customer consents and working capital adjustments.
Other Disposition Activity
In the three months ended July 31, 2025, we completed the sale of an immaterial business which was included in our Research segment for a pretax loss on sale of $0.2 million.
CrossKnowledge
On August 31, 2024, we completed the sale of CrossKnowledge, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, in connection with the held-for-sale classification prior to the sale, we recognized a reduction of the cumulative impairment charges of $4.4 million.
Wiley Edge
On May 31, 2024, we completed the sale of Wiley Edge with the exception of its India operations which sold on August 31, 2024, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, upon the completion of the sale, we recognized an additional loss of $0.2 million due to subsequent changes in the fair value less costs to sell, as well as changes in the carrying amount of the disposal group.
The selling price for Wiley Edge included an unsecured promissory note (Inspirit Seller Note). As of July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the Inspirit Seller Note receivable inclusive of interest is $14.7 million and $14.4 million, respectively, and is reflected in Other non-current assets in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Inspirit Seller Note matures on May 31, 2028 and is prepayable at par plus accrued interest at any time and also if certain conditions are met. The Inspirit Seller Note bears interest at the rate of 8 % per annum commencing on May 31, 2024, increasing by 1 % per annum each year on the anniversary of issuance. Interest income from the note receivable represents non operating income and is included in Other (expense) income, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
Tuition Manager
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Note 4 — Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Research: | |||||||||||
| Research Publishing | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Research Solutions | |||||||||||
| Total Research | |||||||||||
| Learning: | |||||||||||
| Academic | |||||||||||
| Professional | |||||||||||
| Total Learning | |||||||||||
| Held for Sale or Sold | |||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following information describes our disaggregation of revenue by segment and product type. Overall, the majority of our revenue is recognized over time.
Research
Total Research revenue was $281.7 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025. Research products are sold and distributed globally through multiple channels. The majority of revenue generated from Research products is recognized over time.
We disaggregated revenue by Research Publishing and Research Solutions to reflect the different type of products and services provided.
13
Research Publishing Products
Research Publishing products provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals. Research Publishing revenue was $231.8 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025 and the majority is recognized over time.
In the three months ended July 31, 2025 Research Publishing products generated approximately 89 % of its revenue from contracts with its customers from Journal Subscriptions (pay to read) and Transformational Agreements (read and publish) under multiyear arrangements, and Open Access (pay to publish). The remaining revenue is from Licensing and ancillary products.
Research Solutions Products and Services
Research Solutions revenue was $49.9 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025 which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and overtime.
Research Solutions products and services generated approximately 66 % of their revenue in the three months ended July 31, 2025 from contracts with customers that include artificial intelligence (AI) license revenue that includes content which Wiley has licensed from other publishers; and platform and workflow solutions for societies and publishers, which includes production and content hosting, submissions and peer review support, editorial, and copy editing services. Included within platforms is our Atypon® publishing platform for societies and publishers. The remainder of the revenue within Research Solutions from contracts with customers includes corporate solutions such as managed services which includes advertising, and full sales and marketing services for publishers and societies; recruitment platform and services; spectral databases; and projects which includes content creation and distribution, digital events, and webinars.
Learning
Total Learning revenue was $115.1 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025. We disaggregated revenue by Academic and Professional to reflect the different types of products and services provided.
Academic
Academic products revenue was $55.5 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025. Products and services including scientific, professional, and education print and digital books, and digital courseware to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers. Products are developed for worldwide distribution through multiple channels, including chain and online booksellers, libraries, colleges and universities, corporations, direct to consumer, websites, distributor networks and other online applications.
In the three months ended July 31, 2025, Academic products generated approximately 63 % of their revenue from contracts with their customers for print and digital publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Digital Courseware products, in the three months ended July 31, 2025, generated approximately 16 % of their revenue from contracts with their customers which is recognized over time. The remainder of their revenues were from Licensing and ancillary products, which have a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time.
Professional
Professional products revenue was $59.6 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025. Professional provides learning, development, publishing, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. Our professional publishing produces books, which includes business and finance, technology, professional development for educators, test preparation books and other professional categories, as well as the For Dummies® brand. Products are sold to brick-and-mortar and online retailers, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, college bookstores, individual practitioners, corporations, and government agencies.
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In the three months ended July 31, 2025, Professional products generated approximately 50 % of their revenue from contracts with their customers for professional publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Our assessments offering, in the three months ended July 31, 2025, generated approximately 32 % of their revenue from contracts with their customers, which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time. The remainder of Professional revenues were from Licensing and ancillary revenue streams, which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time.
Held for Sale or Sold
Wiley Edge was sold on May 31, 2024 with exception of its India operations which sold on August 31, 2024. Wiley Edge previously sourced, trained, and prepared aspiring students and professionals to meet the skill needs of today’s technology careers, and then places them with some of the world's largest financial institutions, technology companies, and government agencies. Wiley Edge revenue was recognized at the point in time the services were provided to its customers.
CrossKnowledge was sold on August 31, 2024. CrossKnowledge services previously included corporate learning online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises sold on a subscription or fee basis. CrossKnowledge revenue was recognized over time.
Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability Balances
When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.
The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | (Decrease)/ Increase | |||||||||||||||
| Balances from contracts with customers: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
Contract liabilities (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities (included in Other long-term liabilities) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) | The sales return reserve recorded in Contract liabilities is $ | ||||
For the three months ended July 31, 2025, we estimate that we recognized as revenue approximately 39 % of the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2025. For the three months ended July 31, 2024, we estimated that we recognized as revenue approximately 41 % of the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2024.
The decrease in contract liabilities excluding the sales return reserve was primarily driven by revenue earned on journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access, partially offset by renewals of journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access.
Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability
As of July 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $380.1 million, which includes the sales return reserve of $15.2 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $346.4 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $18.5 million to be recognized thereafter.
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Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract
Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. These types of costs are incurred in Research Solutions services which includes customer specific implementation costs per the terms of the contract.
Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract, were $2.0 million and $2.2 million at July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively, and are included within Other non-current assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense related to these assets within Cost of sales on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | $ | |||||||||
Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Learning segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and administrative expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) and were incurred as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Shipping and handling costs | $ | $ | |||||||||
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Note 5 — Operating Leases
We have contractual obligations as a lessee with respect to offices, warehouses and distribution centers, automobiles, and office equipment.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract in accordance with guidance detailed in the lease standard and we perform the lease classification test as of the lease commencement date. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
The present value of the lease payments is calculated using an incremental borrowing rate, which was determined based on the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. We use an unsecured borrowing rate and risk-adjust that rate to approximate a collateralized rate.
We recognize operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease payments may be fixed or variable. Only lease payments that are fixed, in-substance fixed or depend on a rate or index are included in determining the lease liability. Variable lease payments include payments made to the lessor for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the leased asset and are recognized as operating costs as incurred.
We apply certain practical expedients allowed by ASC 842, "Leases." Leases that are more than one year in duration are capitalized and recorded on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are recognized as short term lease operating costs on a straight-line basis over the term. We have also elected to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Some of our leases offer an option to extend the term of such leases. We utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options we will exercise.
For operating leases, the ROU assets and liabilities are presented on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease ROU assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | $ | $ | |||||||||
As a result of our restructuring programs, which included the exit of certain leased office space, we recorded restructuring and related charges, which included impairment charges, the acceleration of expense, and ongoing facility charges associated with certain operating lease ROU assets. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more information on this program and the charges incurred.
Our total net lease costs are as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Variable lease cost | |||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | |||||||||||
| Sublease income | ( | ( | |||||||||
Total net lease cost (1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) | Total net lease cost does not include those costs and sublease income for operating leases we had identified as part of our restructuring programs that would be subleased. The costs and sublease income for those leases are included in Restructuring and related charges on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss). See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more information on these programs. | ||||
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Other supplemental information includes the following:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining contractual lease term (years) | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | % | % | |||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of July 31, 2025:
| Fiscal Year | Operating Lease Liabilities | |||||||
| 2026 (remaining 9 months) | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total future undiscounted minimum lease payments | ||||||||
| Less: Imputed interest | ||||||||
| Present value of minimum lease payments | ||||||||
| Less: Current portion | ||||||||
| Noncurrent portion | $ | |||||||
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Note 6 — Stock-Based Compensation
The Company provides stock-based compensation to its employees and non-employee directors, which may include restricted stock units (RSU), performance-based stock awards (PSU), and stock options (collectively, stock-based awards). We recognize the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation in net income generally on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. We recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a pretax basis, as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | |||||||||
Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Activity
Under the terms of our long-term incentive plans, PSU awards are payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock upon the achievement of certain three-year or less financial performance-based targets. The measurement of performance is based on actual financial results for targets established up to three years in advance, or less. During each three-year period or less, we adjust compensation expense based upon our best estimate of expected performance.
We may also grant individual RSU awards payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock to key employees in connection with their employment.
The following table summarizes awards we granted to employees (shares in thousands):
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Restricted Stock: | |||||||||||
| Awards granted (shares) | |||||||||||
| Weighted average fair value of grant | $ | $ | |||||||||
Stock Option Activity
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Note 7 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
Foreign Currency Translation | Unamortized Retirement Costs | Interest Rate Swaps | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 30, 2025 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at July 31, 2025 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Balance at April 30, 2024 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at July 31, 2024 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, pretax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $2.1 million, and in the three months ended July 31, 2024, of approximately $2.0 million, were amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss and recognized as pension and post-retirement benefit expense primarily in Operating and administrative expenses and Other (expense) income, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is to release when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income items are reclassified to earnings.
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Note 8 — Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share further includes any common shares available to be issued upon the exercise of unvested, outstanding restricted stock units and other stock awards if such inclusions would be dilutive. The shares associated with PSU awards are considered contingently issuable shares and are included in the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding based on when they have met the performance conditions, and when their effect is dilutive. We determine the potentially dilutive common shares for all awards using the treasury stock method.
A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings (loss) per share follows (shares in thousands):
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | |||||||||||
| Shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock units and other stock awards | |||||||||||
| Shares used for diluted earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||
| Antidilutive options to purchase Class A common shares, restricted shares, and contingently issuable restricted stock which are excluded from the table above | |||||||||||
In calculating diluted net loss per common share for the three months ended July 31, 2024, our diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding excludes the effect of unvested restricted stock units and other stock awards as the effect was antidilutive. This occurs when a net loss is reported and the effect of using dilutive shares is antidilutive.
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Note 9 — Restructuring and Related Charges
Global Restructuring Program
The Company began a global restructuring program in fiscal year 2023, which aimed to enhance Wiley’s position and drive profitability (Global Restructuring Program) which was expanded in fiscal year 2024. This program included severance related charges for the elimination of certain positions, the exit of certain leased office space, and the reduction of our occupancy at other facilities. Under this program, we reduced our real estate square footage occupancy by approximately 35 %.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, the program was further extended due to the completion of our divestitures with a focus on optimizing our cost structure, with particular emphasis on aligning our technology costs and other corporate expenses. As a result of these initiatives, this expanded program includes severance related charges, facility-related costs associated with certain properties, and other activities.
The following tables summarize the pretax restructuring and related charges (credits) related to the Global Restructuring Program:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | Total Charges Incurred to Date | ||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Charges (Credits) by Segment: | |||||||||||||||||
| Research | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Learning | |||||||||||||||||
| Held for Sale or Sold | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Restructuring and Related Charges | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Charges (Credits) by Activity: | |||||||||||||||||
| Severance and termination benefits | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Acceleration of expense related to operating lease ROU assets, technology, property and equipment, and intangible assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Facility related charges, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Consulting costs (credits) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Restructuring and Related Charges | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The severance related charges are for certain employees affected by the reduction in force under this program who are entitled to severance payments and certain termination benefits.
In the three months ended July 31, 2025 we incurred ongoing facility-related costs associated with certain properties, consulting costs, and other costs for other activities, which includes other employee related costs. In the three months ended July 31, 2024 we incurred ongoing facility-related costs associated with certain properties, consulting credits, and other costs for other activities, which includes relocation and other employee related costs. In the three months ended July 31, 2024 the credits in consulting costs are due to changes in the estimates for previously accrued costs.
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The following table summarizes the activity for the Global Restructuring Program liability for the three months ended July 31, 2025:
| April 30, 2025 | Charges | Payments | Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments | July 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severance and termination benefits | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consulting costs | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximately $3.9 million of the restructuring liability for accrued severance and termination benefits is reflected in Accrued employment costs and approximately $0.5 million is reflected in Other long-term liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liabilities for Consulting costs and Other activities are reflected in Other accrued liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Business Optimization Program
For the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded net pretax restructuring credits of less than $(0.1 ) million and $(3.6 ) million, respectively, related to this program. The credits in the three months ended July 31, 2024 are primarily due to the termination of a portion of a lease that was previously impaired in our Corporate Expenses category. As of fiscal year 2023, we substantially completed this program and we have no restructuring liability outstanding. We currently anticipate immaterial ongoing facility charges and do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Business Optimization Program.
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Note 10 — Segment Information
We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting.” These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates our business performance, manages the operations, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources.
Our segment reporting structure consists of three
•Research
•Learning
•Held for Sale or Sold
Our President and Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s CODM. The performance metric used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. The CODM uses Adjusted Operating Income during the annual budgeting process and evaluates budget and forecast-to-actual variances on a monthly basis to make decisions about the allocation of resources to our segments.
Our significant expense categories that are included within Adjusted Operating Income include cost of sales, direct expenses, allocated expenses from our Corporate expense category, and amortization of intangible assets. The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.
The following tables present a summary of our Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) by segment, and the reconciliation to Income before taxes:
Three months ended July 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research | Learning | Held for Sale or Sold | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated Corporate expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income by segment | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Income by segment to Income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted unallocated Corporate expenses(1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring and related charges(2) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net foreign exchange transaction losses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before taxes | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three months ended July 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research | Learning | Held for Sale or Sold | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated Corporate expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) by segment | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Income by segment to Income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted unallocated Corporate expenses(1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring and related charges(2) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net foreign exchange transaction gains | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on sale of businesses and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before taxes | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Corporate expenses include certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments. | ||||
(2) | |||||
See Note 4, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024.
The following tables present a summary of depreciation and amortization expense by segment:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Research | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Learning | |||||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold(1) | |||||||||||
| Total depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Corporate depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Total depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) | We ceased to record depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets for these businesses as of the date the assets were classified as held-for-sale. | ||||
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Note 11 — Inventories
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Finished goods | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Work-in-process | |||||||||||
| Paper and other materials | |||||||||||
| Total inventories before estimated sales returns and LIFO reserve | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Inventory value of estimated sales returns | |||||||||||
| LIFO reserve | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventories, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 12 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of July 31, 2025:
April 30, 2025 (1) | Foreign Translation Adjustment | July 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Research | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Learning | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
(1) | As of April 30, 2025, the Held for Sale or Sold segment goodwill balance is | ||||
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net were as follows:
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 ⁽¹⁾ | ||||||||||
| Intangible assets with definite lives, net: | |||||||||||
| Content and publishing rights | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Customer relationships | |||||||||||
| Developed technology | |||||||||||
| Brands and trademarks | |||||||||||
| Covenants not to compete | |||||||||||
| Total intangible assets with definite lives, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets with indefinite lives: | |||||||||||
| Brands and trademarks | |||||||||||
| Publishing rights | |||||||||||
| Total intangible assets with indefinite lives | |||||||||||
| Total intangible assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) | The developed technology balance as of April 30, 2025 is presented net of accumulated impairments and write-offs of $ | ||||
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Note 13 — Income Taxes
The Company's effective income tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2025, was 33.9 % compared with 106.2 % for the three months ended July 31, 2024.
The change in the effective income tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2024 was primarily due to year-to-date US ordinary losses, which are expected to be offset by ordinary income during the remainder of the current fiscal year.
Enactment of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA)
On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the OBBBA. Key corporate tax provisions of the OBBBA include a handful of elective tax measures such as restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, the introduction of new Section 174A permitting immediate expensing of domestic research and experimental (R&E) expenditures. Other tax measures include modifications to Section 163(j) interest expense limitations, updates to the rules governing global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) and foreign-derived intangible income (FDII), amendments to energy credit provisions, and the expansion of Section 162(m) aggregation requirements.
Note 14 — Retirement Plans
The components of net pension expense for our defined benefit plans were as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest cost | |||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss | |||||||||||
| Net pension expense | $ | $ | |||||||||
The service cost component of net pension expense is reflected in Operating and administrative expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss). The other components of net pension expense are reported separately from the service cost component and below Operating income. Such amounts are reflected in Other (expense) income, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
Employer defined benefit pension plan contributions were $1.1 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Defined Contribution Savings Plans
The expense for employer defined contribution savings plans was $6.7 million and $7.3 million for the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Note 15 — Debt and Available Credit Facilities
Our total debt outstanding consisted of the amounts set forth in the following table:
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||
Short-term portion of long-term debt(1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
Term loan A - Amended and Restated CA(2) | |||||||||||
| Revolving credit facility - Amended and Restated CA | |||||||||||
| Total long-term debt, less current portion | |||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) | Relates to our term loan A under the Amended and Restated CA. | ||||
(2) | Amounts are shown net of unamortized issuance costs of $ | ||||
Amended and Restated CA
On November 30, 2022, we entered into the second amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (collectively, the Amended and Restated CA). The Amended and Restated CA provided for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of (i) a five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.115 billion, which matures November 2027, (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $200 million, which matures November 2027, and (iii) $185 million aggregate principal amount revolving credit facility which matured in May 2024.
Under the terms of the Amended and Restated CA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates depending on the currency borrowed: (i) at a rate based on the US Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), the Sterling Overnight Index Average Rate (SONIA) or a EURIBOR-based rate, each rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98 % to 1.50 %, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) at the lender’s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from zero to 0.50 %, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. With respect to SOFR loans, there is a SOFR adjustment of between 0.10 % and 0.25 % depending on the duration of the loan. The lender’s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the US federal funds effective rate plus a 0.50 % margin, (ii) the Daily SOFR rate, as defined, plus a 1.00 % margin, or (iii) the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee for the Amended and Restated CA ranging from 0.15 % to 0.25 % depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. We also have the option to request an increase in the revolving credit facility by an amount not to exceed $500 million, in minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders.
The Amended and Restated CA contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of July 31, 2025.
The amortization expense of the costs incurred related to the Amended and Restated CA related to the lender and non-lender fees is recognized over a five-year term for credit commitments that mature in November 2027 and an 18-month term for credit commitments that matured in May 2024. Total amortization expense included in Interest expense on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) is as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Amortization expense | $ | $ | |||||||||
Lines of Credit
We have other lines of credit aggregating $1.0 million at various interest rates. There were no
As of July 31, 2025, our total available lines of credit including the Amended and Restated RCA were approximately $1,298.0 million, of which approximately $469.4 million was unused. We had letters of credit of $0.5 million outstanding under the Amended and Restated CA, and the aggregate stated amount outstanding of these letter of credits reduces the total borrowing base available under the Amended and Restated CA.
The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 were 5.49 % and 6.19 %, respectively. As of July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the weighted average interest rates for total debt were 5.49 % and 5.57 %, respectively.
Based on estimates of interest rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value.
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Note 16 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Contracts
As of July 31, 2025, we had total debt outstanding of $828.3 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.4 million. The $828.7 million of debt outstanding are variable rate loans under the Amended and Restated CA. The carrying value of the debt approximates fair value.
As of July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the interest rate swap agreements we maintained were designated as fully effective cash flow hedges as defined under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” As a result, the impact on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps was fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.
As of both July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, we had interest rate swaps outstanding with a combined notional amount of $500.0
We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. T he fair value of our interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges are reflected on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:
Asset (Liability) | Balance Sheet Location | July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| Current asset portion | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Non-current asset portion | Other non-current assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Current liability portion | Other accrued liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Non-current liability portion | Other long-term liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Total cash flow hedges | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The effect of our interest rate swaps on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) are as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Amount of pretax gains (losses) recognized in Other comprehensive income | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Amount of pretax gains reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into Interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Contracts
We may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The foreign currency forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Net foreign exchange transaction (losses) gains on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) and carried at fair value on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Net foreign exchange transaction (losses) gains on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
As of July 31, 2025, and April 30, 2025, we did not maintain any open foreign currency forward contracts. In addition, we did not maintain any open foreign currency forward contracts during the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024.
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Note 17 — Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts
Share Repurchases
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of $250 million of Class A or B Common Stock. No share repurchases were made under this program during the three months ended July 31, 2025. The share repurchase program is in addition to the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors during the year ended April 30, 2020 of $200 million of Class A or B Common Stock. As of July 31, 2025, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to $43.4 million that was remaining under this program.
The following table summarizes the share repurchases of Class A and Class B Common Stock (shares in thousands):
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Shares repurchased - Class A | |||||||||||
| Shares repurchased - Class B | |||||||||||
| Average Price - Class A and Class B | $ | $ | |||||||||
The average price per share excludes excise taxes payable on share repurchases and may differ from the share repurchases reflected in Purchases of treasury shares in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of July 31, 2025, total shares repurchased include unsettled purchases.
Dividends
We declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on our Class A and Class B Common Stock for a total of $19.0 million and $19.2 million in the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Changes in Common Stock
The following is a summary of changes during the three months ended July 31, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands):
| Changes in Class A Common Stock: | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Number of shares, beginning of year | |||||||||||
| Common stock class conversions | |||||||||||
| Number of shares issued, end of period | |||||||||||
| Changes in Class A Common Stock in treasury: | |||||||||||
| Number of shares held, beginning of year | |||||||||||
| Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other | |||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury shares | |||||||||||
| Number of shares held, end of period | |||||||||||
| Number of Class A Common Stock outstanding, end of period | |||||||||||
| Changes in Class B Common Stock: | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Number of shares, beginning of year | |||||||||||
| Common stock class conversions | ( | ||||||||||
| Number of shares issued, end of period | |||||||||||
| Changes in Class B Common Stock in treasury: | |||||||||||
| Number of shares held, beginning of year | |||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury shares | |||||||||||
| Number of shares held, end of period | |||||||||||
| Number of Class B Common Stock outstanding, end of period | |||||||||||
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Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business. A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of July 31, 2025, will not have a material effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Note 19 — Subsequent Event
Anthropic Class-Action Lawsuit
In August 2024, certain authors filed a class-action lawsuit against Anthropic in the US District Court for the Northern District of California. They alleged that Anthropic used their copyrighted content, obtained through piracy, to train its AI models. In August 2025, a settlement in principle was reached and the parties are ordered to submit preliminary settlement details to the court on September 5, 2025, and a hearing is scheduled for preliminary approval of the settlement on September 8, 2025. We are aware that our content is included in the pirated copyrighted content and are closely monitoring these proceedings. We are currently unable to provide an estimate of our portion of the settlement.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) should be read together with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our MD&A set forth in Item 7 of Part II of our 2025 Form 10-K and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 8 of Part II of our 2025 Form 10-K. See Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” below and “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,” above, and the information referenced therein, for a description of risks that we face and important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. All amounts and percentages are approximate due to rounding and all dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts or where otherwise noted. When we cross-reference to a “Note,” we are referring to our “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” unless the context indicates otherwise.
OVERVIEW
Wiley is a leading global provider of authoritative content, data-driven insights, and knowledge services for the advancement of science and learning. The Company’s content, services, platforms, and knowledge networks are tailored to meet the evolving needs of its customers and partners, including researchers, students, instructors, professionals, institutions, and corporations. Wiley is a predominantly digital company with over 83% of its Adjusted Revenue for the year ended April 30, 2025 generated by digital products and services. For the year ended April 30, 2025, 48% of Adjusted Revenue is recurring which includes revenue that is contractually obligated or set to recur with a high degree of certainty. See below for the reconciliation of consolidated Revenue to Adjusted Revenue.
We report financial information for the following segments, as well as a Corporate category, which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments:
•Research includes the reporting lines of Research Publishing and Research Solutions;
•Learning includes the Academic and Professional reporting lines and consists of publishing, courseware, and assessments.
Wiley also reports a Held for Sale or Sold segment, which primarily includes non-core businesses which were classified as held-for-sale until the date of sale, as well other businesses which were sold.
Through the Research segment, we provide peer-reviewed scientific, technical, and medical (STM) journals, content platforms, and related publishing and audience solutions to academic, corporate, and government customers, academic societies, and individual researchers. The Learning segment provides scientific, professional, and education print and digital books to researchers, professionals, and students, digital courseware for instructors and students, and assessment services to businesses and professionals.
Wiley’s business strategies are tightly aligned with consistent long-term growth trends, including ever-increasing global research and development (R&D) investment, leading to growth in scientific research output and the number of institutions and researchers worldwide. These strategies include expanding our publishing program and journal portfolio to meet the global demand for peer-reviewed research, driving additional value in our subscription-based models for universities and corporations, volume-based models for open access, content licensing opportunities for applications in science and innovation, and content platform and service offerings for corporations and societies. Learning strategies include selectively scaling high-value digital content, courseware, and assessments to meet targeted opportunities in education and professional development.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2025
FIRST QUARTER SUMMARY
•US GAAP Results: Consolidated Revenue of $396.8 million (-2%, compared with the prior year), decrease due to the divested businesses, Operating Income of $31.0 million (+7%, compared with the prior year), and Diluted Earnings per Share of $0.22 (+$0.25 per share, compared with the prior year diluted loss per share).
•Adjusted Results at Constant Currency (excluding Held for Sale or Sold segment results): Adjusted Revenue of $396.8 million (+1%, compared with the prior year), Adjusted Operating Income of $34.0 million (-2%, compared with the prior year), Adjusted EBITDA of $70.4 million (-3%, compared with the prior year), and Adjusted EPS of $0.49 (+2%, compared with the prior year).
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue:
Revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2025, decreased $7.0 million, or 2%, as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 3% as compared with the prior year. Excluding the revenues from the Held for Sale or Sold segment, Adjusted Revenue increased 1% on a constant currency basis. Artificial intelligence (AI) license revenue was $28.9 million for the three months ended July 31, 2025 as compared with $17.2 million in the prior year. The AI license revenue in the three months ended July 31, 2025 includes $15.7 million of revenue related to content which Wiley has licensed from other publishers.
Adjusted Revenue
Below is a reconciliation of our consolidated US GAAP Revenue, net to Non-GAAP Adjusted Revenue, net:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
US GAAP Revenue, net | $ | 396,800 | $ | 403,809 | |||||||
Less: Held for Sale or Sold segment (1) | — | (14,186) | |||||||||
Non-GAAP Adjusted Revenue, net | $ | 396,800 | $ | 389,623 | |||||||
(1) | Our Adjusted Revenue, net excludes the impact of our Held for Sale or Sold segment revenue. | ||||
See the “Segment Operating Results” below for additional details on each segment’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance.
Cost of Sales:
Cost of sales for the three months ended July 31, 2025 of $109.3 million was flat as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis, cost of sales decreased 1% as compared with the prior year primarily due to the prior year including employee costs related to the Wiley Edge business which was sold on May 31, 2024, partially offset by higher royalty costs on AI license revenue from content licensed from other publishers.
Excluding the cost of sales from the Held for Sale or Sold segment, cost of sales increased 6% as compared with the prior year on a constant currency basis primarily due to higher royalty costs as described above.
Operating and Administrative Expenses:
Operating and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2025 of $240.3 million decreased $8.5 million, or 3% as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis, operating and administrative expenses decreased 5% as compared with the prior year primarily due to lower employee costs.
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Excluding operating and administrative expenses from the Held for Sale or Sold segment, operating and administrative expenses decreased 1% as compared with the prior year on a constant currency basis primarily due to lower employee costs and, to a lesser extent, lower bad debt expense in Learning and travel and entertainment expenses, partially offset by higher professional fees.
Restructuring and Related Charges:
We recorded restructuring and related charges in the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 of $3.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and related charges on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
Global Restructuring Program
Beginning in fiscal year 2023, the Company initiated the Global Restructuring Program which was expanded in fiscal year 2024 to include those actions that will focus Wiley on its leading global position in the development and application of new knowledge and drive greater profitability, growth, and cash flow. We will focus on our strongest and most profitable businesses and large market opportunities in Research and Learning, as well as streamline our organization and rightsize our cost structure to reflect these portfolio actions. Under this program, we reduced our real estate square footage occupancy by approximately 35%.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, the program was further extended due to the completion of our divestitures with a focus on optimizing our cost structure, with particular emphasis on aligning our technology costs and other corporate expenses. As a result of these initiatives, this expanded program will include severance related charges, facility-related costs associated with certain properties, and other activities.
Excluding actions related to the Held for Sale or Sold segment, we anticipate to yield annualized cost savings of approximately $105 million, of which we expect that substantially all will be realized in fiscal year 2026 from actions taken starting in fiscal year 2024.
For the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded pretax restructuring charges of $3.1 million and $7.5 million, respectively, related to this program.
See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on the Global Restructuring Program charges.
Business Optimization Program
For the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded net pretax restructuring credits of less than $0.1 million and credits of $3.6 million, respectively, related to this program.
See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on the Business Optimization Program credits.
For the impact of our restructuring programs on diluted earnings (loss) per share, see the section below, “Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share.”
Amortization of Intangible Assets:
Amortization of intangible assets was $13.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2025, an increase of $0.3 million, or 2%, as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangible assets decreased 1% as compared with the prior year primarily due to the completion of amortization of certain acquired intangible assets, partially offset by amortization expense related to acquired definite lived intangible assets, including those acquired as part of an acquisition.
Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Income (OI) and Adjusted EBITDA:
Operating income for the three months ended July 31, 2025, of $31.0 million increased $2.0 million, or 7% as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis, operating income increased 9% as compared with the prior year. The increase was primarily due to lower operating and administrative expenses, partially offset by a decrease in revenue.
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Adjusted OI on a constant currency basis decreased 2% as compared with the prior year. The decrease in Adjusted OI was primarily due to higher cost of sales, partially offset by an increase in Adjusted Revenue, and lower operating and administrative expenses.
Adjusted EBITDA on a constant currency basis decreased 3% as compared with the prior year primarily due to higher cost of sales, partially offset by an increase in Adjusted Revenue, and lower operating and administrative expenses.
Adjusted OI
Below is a reconciliation of our consolidated US GAAP Operating Income to Non-GAAP Adjusted OI:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
US GAAP Operating Income | $ | 30,963 | $ | 28,973 | |||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | 3,038 | 3,870 | |||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted Operating Loss (1) | — | 2,519 | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted OI | $ | 34,001 | $ | 35,362 | |||||||
(1) | Our Adjusted OI excludes the impact of our Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted Operating Loss. | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA
Below is a reconciliation of our consolidated US GAAP Net Income (Loss) to Non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Net Income (Loss) | $ | 11,700 | $ | (1,436) | |||||||
| Interest expense | 11,042 | 12,787 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 6,007 | 24,439 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 36,446 | 37,253 | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP EBITDA | 65,195 | 73,043 | |||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | 3,038 | 3,870 | |||||||||
Net foreign exchange transaction losses (gains) | 971 | (234) | |||||||||
Net loss (gain) on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | 1,116 | (5,801) | |||||||||
Other expense (income), net | 127 | (782) | |||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted EBITDA (1) | — | 2,519 | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 70,447 | $ | 72,615 | |||||||
(1) | Our Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA excludes the Held for Sale or Sold segment Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA. | ||||
Interest Expense:
Interest expense for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was $11.0 million compared with the prior year of $12.8 million. This decrease was primarily due to a lower weighted average effective interest rate and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in the total debt outstanding.
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Net Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains:
Net foreign exchange transaction losses of $(1.0) million for the three months ended July 31, 2025 were primarily due to losses on our foreign currency denominated third-party receivable and payable balances and, to a lesser extent, losses on our foreign currency denominated intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances due to the impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the US dollar.
Net foreign exchange transaction gains of $0.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2024 were primarily due to gains on our foreign currency denominated intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances, offset by losses on our third-party receivable and payable balances due to the impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the US dollar. In fiscal year 2023 due to the closure of our operations in Russia, the Russia entity was deemed substantially liquidated. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, we wrote off an additional $0.5 million cumulative translation adjustment in earnings.
Net (Loss) Gain on Sale of Businesses, Assets, and Impairment Charges Related to Assets Held-For-Sale:
We recorded net pretax (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| University Services | $ | (934) | $ | 1,489 | |||||||
| CrossKnowledge | — | 4,360 | |||||||||
| Wiley Edge | — | (168) | |||||||||
Tuition Manager | — | 120 | |||||||||
Other disposition activity | (182) | — | |||||||||
Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | $ | (1,116) | $ | 5,801 | |||||||
These charges are reflected in Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss).
On January 1, 2024 we completed the sale of University Services, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. On June 5, 2025 Wiley entered into an agreement with Metis Aggregator L.P. and Vistria AP Aggregator, LLC to sell the Seller Note, the fiscal year 2026 University Services Earnout, and the TVG Investment, and agreed with Upper Holdings and Academic Partnerships on the fiscal year 2025 University Services Earnout for total cash consideration of $119.5 million (Sale Agreement), which was fully paid in June 2025. As a result of this Sale Agreement, all amounts due to Wiley in accordance with the University Services Agreement have been settled. As a result of the sale of these assets, in the three months ended July 31, 2025, we recognized an additional pretax loss of $0.9 million. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, we recognized a reduction to the pretax loss on sale of $1.5 million due to third-party customer consents and working capital adjustments.
In the three months ended July 31, 2025, we completed the sale of an immaterial business which was included in our Research segment, for a pretax loss on sale of $0.2 million.
On August 31, 2024, we completed the sale of CrossKnowledge, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, in connection with the held-for-sale classification prior to the sale, we recognized a reduction of the cumulative impairment charges of $4.4 million.
On May 31, 2024, we completed the sale of Wiley Edge which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment, with the exception of its India operations which sold on August 31, 2024. In the three months ended July 31, 2024, upon the completion of the sale, we recognized an additional loss of $0.2 million due to subsequent changes in the fair value less costs to sell, as well as changes in the carrying amount of the disposal group.
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In the three months ended July 31, 2024, there was a reduction in the pretax loss on the sale of our Tuition Manager business previously in our Held for Sale or Sold segment of $0.1 million due to a selling price adjustment for cash received after the closing.
Provision for Income Taxes:
Below is a reconciliation of our US GAAP Income Before Taxes to Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Before Taxes:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
US GAAP Income Before Taxes | $ | 17,707 | $ | 23,003 | |||||||
| Pretax Impact of Adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | 3,038 | 3,870 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains on intercompany transactions, including the write off of certain cumulative translation adjustments | (440) | (2,591) | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 13,210 | 12,969 | |||||||||
Net loss (gain) on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | 1,116 | (5,801) | |||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted Loss Before Taxes (1) | — | 2,519 | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Before Taxes | $ | 34,631 | $ | 33,969 | |||||||
| (1) | Our Adjusted Income Before Taxes excludes the Adjusted Loss Before Taxes of our Held for Sale or Sold segment. | ||||
Below is a reconciliation of our US GAAP Income Tax Provision to Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Tax Provision, including our US GAAP Effective Tax Rate and our Non-GAAP Adjusted Effective Tax Rate:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
US GAAP Income Tax Provision | $ | 6,007 | $ | 24,439 | |||||||
Income Tax Impact of Adjustments(1): | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | 519 | 749 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains on intercompany transactions, including the write off of certain cumulative translation adjustments | (750) | (390) | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 2,068 | 1,809 | |||||||||
Net loss (gain) on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | 54 | (925) | |||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted Tax Provision(2) | — | 372 | |||||||||
Income Tax Adjustments | |||||||||||
Impact of valuation allowance on the US GAAP effective tax rate(3) | 166 | (18,030) | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Tax Provision | $ | 8,064 | $ | 8,024 | |||||||
| US GAAP Effective Tax Rate | 33.9 | % | 106.2 | % | |||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Effective Tax Rate | 23.3 | % | 23.6 | % | |||||||
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(1) | For the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, substantially all of the tax impact was from deferred taxes. | ||||
| (2) | Our Adjusted Income Tax Provision excludes the Adjusted Tax Provision of our Held for Sale or Sold segment. | ||||
(3) | In the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, there was a $0.2 million and $(18.0) million, respectively, impact on the US GAAP effective tax rate due to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in the US. | ||||
The US GAAP effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was 33.9% compared to 106.2% for the three months ended July 31, 2024. The US GAAP effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was lower than the US GAAP effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2024 primarily due to year-to-date US ordinary losses, which are expected to be offset by ordinary income during the remainder of the current fiscal year.
The Non-GAAP Adjusted Effective Tax Rate was 23.3% for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared to 23.6% for the three months ended July 31, 2024. The decrease in the Non-GAAP Adjusted Effective Tax Rate for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared with the three months ended July 31, 2024 was primarily due to the mix of income.
Enactment of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA)
On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the OBBBA. Key corporate tax provisions of the OBBBA include a handful of elective tax measures such as restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, and the introduction of new Section 174A permitting immediate expensing of domestic research and experimental (R&E) expenditures. Other tax measures include modifications to Section 163(j) interest expense limitations, updates to the rules governing global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) and foreign-derived intangible income (FDII), amendments to energy credit provisions, and the expansion of Section 162(m) aggregation requirements.
Under US GAAP, the effects of changes in tax laws are recognized in the period in which the new law is enacted. Upon initial assessment of the elective tax measures, we determined the impact of these to be insignificant and reflected these in our financial statements using management’s best estimate for the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. We are continuing to evaluate the full year impact of the OBBBA and, based on our preliminary analysis, we do not anticipate a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2026.
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was $0.22 per share compared with a loss of $(0.03) per share for the three months ended July 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to a decrease in the income tax provision and, to a lesser extent, an increase in operating income, partially offset by a loss on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale in the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared to a gain in the prior year.
Below is a reconciliation of our US GAAP Earnings (Loss) per Share to Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS. The amount of the pretax, and the related income tax impact for the adjustments included in the table below are presented in the section above, “Provision for Income Taxes.”
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| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
US GAAP Earnings (Loss) Per Share | $ | 0.22 | $ | (0.03) | |||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and related charges | 0.05 | 0.06 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains on intercompany transactions, including the write off of certain cumulative translation adjustments | — | (0.05) | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 0.20 | 0.20 | |||||||||
Net loss (gain) on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | 0.02 | (0.09) | |||||||||
Held for Sale or Sold segment Adjusted Net Loss(1) | — | 0.04 | |||||||||
Income tax adjustments | — | 0.33 | |||||||||
EPS impact of using weighted-average dilutive shares for adjusted EPS calculation (2) | — | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.47 | |||||||
| (1) | Our Adjusted EPS excludes the Adjusted Net Loss of our Held for Sale or Sold segment. | ||||
(2) | Represents the impact of using diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (55.0 million for the three months ended July 31, 2024) included in the Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS calculation in order to apply the dilutive impact on adjusted net income due to the effect of unvested restricted stock units and other stock awards. This impact occurs when a US GAAP net loss is reported and the effect of using dilutive shares is antidilutive. | ||||
On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS increased 2% primarily due a decrease in interest expense, partially offset by lower interest income, and lower Adjusted Operating Income.
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SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
| Three Months Ended July 31, | % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Constant Currency % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| RESEARCH | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research Publishing | $ | 231,827 | $ | 230,951 | 0 | % | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Research Solutions | 49,865 | 34,358 | 45 | % | 44 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Research Revenue | 281,692 | 265,309 | 6 | % | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | 80,753 | 70,722 | (14) | % | (13) | % | |||||||||||||||||
Direct expenses | 88,587 | 86,437 | (2) | % | 0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Allocated Corporate expenses | 44,981 | 41,892 | (7) | % | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 11,123 | 11,042 | (1) | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income | 56,248 | 55,216 | 2 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 23,385 | 22,559 | (4) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 79,633 | $ | 77,775 | 2 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 28.3% | 29.3% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue:
Research revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2025 increased $16.4 million, or 6%, as compared with the prior year on a reported basis. On a constant currency basis, Research revenue increased 5% as compared with the prior year primarily due to an increase in AI license revenue which includes content licensed from other publishers primarily in Research Solutions and, to a lesser extent, author-funded open access, partially offset by an unfavorable comparison to prior year due to the timing of journal renewals of approximately $5 million, and softness in ancillary products. Research AI license revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was $15.8 million as compared to $1.1 million in the prior year. Open access article output growth was approximately 21% as compared with the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA:
On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA increased 2% as compared with the prior year. This increase was primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher royalty costs on AI license revenue from content licensed from other publishers.
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| Three Months Ended July 31, | % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Constant Currency % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||
LEARNING | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Academic | $ | 55,472 | $ | 59,964 | (7) | % | (8) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional | 59,636 | 64,350 | (7) | % | (8) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Learning Revenue | 115,108 | 124,314 | (7) | % | (8) | % | |||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | 28,506 | 32,028 | 11 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Direct expenses | 34,581 | 37,933 | 9 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Allocated Corporate expenses | 28,279 | 29,808 | 5 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 2,087 | 2,045 | (2) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income | 21,655 | 22,500 | (4) | % | (4) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 9,844 | 11,294 | 13 | % | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 31,499 | $ | 33,794 | (7) | % | (7) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 27.4% | 27.2% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue:
Learning revenue decreased $9.2 million, or 7%, as compared with the prior year on a reported basis. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 8% as compared with the prior year. Academic revenue decreased primarily due to lower licensing revenue, including AI. Professional revenue decreased primarily due to market-related softness and, to a lesser extent, lower licensing revenue, including AI. Learning AI license revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was $13.1 million as compared to $16.1 million in the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA:
On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA decreased 7% as compared with the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower revenue, partially offset by lower bad debt expense, and royalty costs.
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| Three Months Ended July 31, | % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Constant Currency % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||
HELD FOR SALE OR SOLD | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Held for Sale or Sold Revenue | $ | — | $ | 14,186 | # | # | |||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | 6,470 | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
Direct expenses | — | 7,961 | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
Allocated Corporate expenses | — | 2,274 | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted Operating Income | — | (2,519) | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | — | — | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | — | $ | (2,519) | # | # | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin | # | (17.8)% | |||||||||||||||||||||
# Variance greater than 100%
Revenue:
Revenue for Held for Sale or Sold decreased $14.2 million as compared with the prior year due to the sale of Wiley Edge on May 31, 2024, with the exception of its India operations which sold on August 31, 2024, and CrossKnowledge on August 31, 2024.
Adjusted EBITDA:
On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA was zero for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared to a loss of $2.5 million in the prior year due to the sale of the Wiley Edge and CrossKnowledge businesses.
| Three Months Ended July 31, | % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Constant Currency % Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||
CORPORATE EXPENSES | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unallocated Corporate expenses | $ | 43,902 | $ | 42,514 | (3) | % | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | (160) | # | # | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted Unallocated Corporate Expenses | (43,902) | (42,354) | (4) | % | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,217 | 3,400 | 5 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (40,685) | $ | (38,954) | (4) | % | (4) | % | |||||||||||||||
# Variance greater than 100%
On a constant currency basis, adjusted unallocated corporate expenses of $40.7 million on an Adjusted EBITDA basis increased 4% as compared with the prior year. This was primarily due to an increase in costs related to strategic consulting projects, which are now complete, of approximately $3.6 million and, to a lesser extent, an increase in enterprise modernization costs, partially offset by lower employee costs.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Principal Sources of Liquidity
We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our revolving credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing, and financing needs in the next twelve months. Operating cash flow provides the primary source of cash to fund operating needs and capital expenditures. Excess operating cash is used to fund shareholder dividends and share repurchases. Other discretionary uses of cash flow include investments and acquisitions to complement and grow our portfolio of businesses. As necessary, we may supplement operating cash flow with debt to fund these activities. The overall cash position of the Company reflects our durable business results and a global cash management strategy that considers liquidity management, economic factors and tax considerations. Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained at a number of financial institutions. To mitigate the risk of uninsured balances, we select financial institutions based on their credit ratings and financial strength, and we perform ongoing evaluations of these institutions to limit our concentration risk exposure to any financial institution.
As of July 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $81.9 million, of which approximately all was located outside the US. Maintenance of these cash and cash equivalent balances outside the US does not have a material impact on the liquidity or capital resources of our operations. We intend to repatriate earnings from our non-US subsidiaries, and to the extent we repatriate these funds to the US, we may be required to pay taxes in various US state and local jurisdictions and withholding or similar taxes in applicable non-US jurisdictions in the periods in which such repatriation occurs. Accordingly, as of July 31, 2025 we have recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $2.0 million related to the estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-US earnings to the US.
On November 30, 2022, we entered into the second amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (collectively, the Amended and Restated CA). See Note 15, “Debt and Available Credit Facilities” for more details on the amendment. The Amended and Restated CA provided for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of the following (i) a five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.115 billion which matures November 2027, (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $200 million which matures November 2027, and (iii) $185 million aggregate principal amount revolving credit facility which matured in May 2024.
As of July 31, 2025, we had approximately $828.3 million of debt outstanding, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.4 million, and approximately $469.4 million of unused borrowing capacity under our Amended and Restated CA and other facilities. Our Amended and Restated CA contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of July 31, 2025.
Analysis of Historical Cash Flows
The following table shows the changes in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (85,005) | $ | (88,712) | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 98,856 | (23,807) | |||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (16,924) | 101,589 | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (959) | $ | 798 | |||||||
Cash flow from operations is seasonally a use of cash in the first half of Wiley’s fiscal year principally due to the timing of collections for annual Journal Subscriptions and Transformational Agreements, which typically occurs in the beginning of the second half of our fiscal year.
Free cash flow less product development spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders, as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common dividends, and fund share repurchases, and acquisitions. Below are the details of Free cash flow less product development spending.
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Free Cash Flow Less Product Development Spending:
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (85,005) | $ | (88,712) | |||||||
| Less: Additions to technology, property and equipment | (12,005) | (14,502) | |||||||||
| Less: Product development spending | (2,890) | (3,351) | |||||||||
| Free cash flow less product development spending | $ | (99,900) | $ | (106,565) | |||||||
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
The following is a summary of the $3.7 million change in Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared with the three months ended July 31, 2024 (amounts in millions).
Net cash used in operating activities – Three months ended July 31, 2024 | $ | (88.7) | |||
| Net income adjusted for items to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities, which would include such noncash items as depreciation and amortization, net losses on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale, restructuring charges, and the change in deferred taxes | 18.1 | ||||
| Working capital changes: | |||||
| Accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities | (11.1) | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued royalties | (7.1) | ||||
| Changes in other assets and liabilities | 3.8 | ||||
Net cash used in operating activities – Three months ended July 31, 2025 | $ | (85.0) | |||
The unfavorable change in accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities was primarily due to lower revenue and the timing of invoicing and collections with customers.
The unfavorable change in accounts payable and accrued royalties was primarily due to the timing of payments.
The favorable changes in other assets and liabilities was due to employee related costs primarily due to lower payments for annual incentive compensation in fiscal year 2026 related to the prior fiscal year, cash received of $4.2 million for the interest receivable portion of the Seller Note related to the Sale Agreement in fiscal year 2026, and other working capital changes. This was partially offset by higher income tax payments, net, and costs related to cloud computing arrangements primarily associated with targeted enterprise modernization work in fiscal year 2026. These cloud computing costs are capitalizable and amortized but included in cash flow from operations rather than cash flow from investing activities.
Our negative working capital (current assets less current liabilities) was $228.5 million and $381.0 million as of July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively. This $152.5 million change in negative working capital was primarily due to the seasonality of our business. The primary driver of the negative working capital is the benefit realized from unearned contract liabilities related to subscriptions for which cash has been collected in advance. The contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue when the products are shipped or made available online to the customers over the term of the subscription. Current liabilities as of July 31, 2025 and as of April 30, 2025 includes $361.7 million and $462.7 million, respectively, primarily related to deferred subscription revenue for which cash was collected in advance.
Cash collected in advance for subscriptions is used by us for a number of purposes, including funding operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt repayments, dividend payments, and share repurchases.
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Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was $98.9 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $23.8 million in the prior year. The increase in net cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to the $115.3 million in cash received in fiscal year 2026 as a result of the Sale Agreement. See Note 3, "Divestitures" for further details.
Net Cash (Used In) Provided By Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $16.9 million for the three months ended July 31, 2025 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $101.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2024. This change was due to lower net borrowings in fiscal year 2026 of $113.2 million.
In the three months ended July 31, 2025, we increased our quarterly dividend to shareholders to $1.42 per share annualized versus $1.41 per share annualized in the prior year.
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of $250 million of Class A or B Common Stock. No share repurchases were made under this program during the three months ended July 31, 2025. This share repurchase program is in addition to the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors during the year ended April 30, 2020 of $200 million of Class A or B Common Stock. As of July 31, 2025, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to repurchase up to $43.4 million that was remaining under this program. During the three months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, we repurchased $14.0 million and $12.5 million, respectively, under this program.
The following table summarizes the shares repurchased of Class A and Class B Common Stock (shares in thousands):
| Three Months Ended July 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Shares repurchased – Class A | 331 | 295 | |||||||||
| Shares repurchased – Class B | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Average price – Class A and Class B | $ | 42.22 | $ | 42.34 | |||||||
The total amount repurchased and the average price per share excludes excise taxes payable on share repurchases and may differ from the share repurchases reflected in Purchases of treasury shares in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For the three months ended July 31, 2025, the total amount repurchased and the total shares repurchased includes unsettled purchases, and such amount differs from the amount reflected in Purchases of treasury shares in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
We are required to prepare our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) which is the source for all authoritative US GAAP. The FASB ASC is subject to updates by the FASB, which are known as Accounting Standards Updates (ASU). See Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards" of Part I, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk primarily related to interest rates, foreign exchange, and credit risk. It is our policy to monitor these exposures and to use derivative financial investments and/or insurance contracts from time to time to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows when it is deemed appropriate to do so. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rates
From time to time, we may use interest rate swaps, collars, or options to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.
The information set forth in Note 16, “Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities,” of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption “Interest Rate Contracts,” is incorporated herein by reference.
On an annual basis, a hypothetical one percent change in interest rates for the $328.7 million of unhedged variable rate debt as of July 31, 2025 would affect net income and cash flow by approximately $2.5 million.
Foreign Exchange Rates
Fluctuations in the currencies of countries where we operate outside the US may have a significant impact on financial results. We are primarily exposed to movements in British pound sterling, euros, Canadian and Australian dollars, and certain currencies in Asia. The statements of financial position of non-US business units are translated into US dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the statements of income (loss) are translated into US dollars using weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses.
Our significant investments in non-US businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Adjustments resulting from translating assets and liabilities are reported as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax within Total shareholders’ equity under the caption Foreign currency translation adjustment.
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, we recorded foreign currency translation losses in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of approximately $(5.9) million primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the US dollar relative to the British pound sterling. During the three months ended July 31, 2024, we recorded foreign currency translation gains in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of approximately $15.0 million primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the US dollar relative to the British pound sterling.
Exchange rate gains or losses related to foreign currency transactions are recognized as transaction gains or losses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) as incurred. Under certain circumstances, we may enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against specific transactions, including intercompany purchases and loans.
The information set forth in Note 16, “Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities,” of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption “Foreign Currency Contracts,” is incorporated herein by reference.
Sales Return Reserves
The estimated allowance for print book sales returns is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain, and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net liability balance of $9.1 million and $9.0 million as of July 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively.
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The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position:
| July 31, 2025 | April 30, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Increase in Inventories, net | $ | 4,047 | $ | 4,042 | |||||||
| Decrease in Accrued royalties | $ | (2,103) | $ | (2,067) | |||||||
| Increase in Contract liabilities | $ | 15,234 | $ | 15,093 | |||||||
| Print book sales return reserve net liability balance | $ | (9,084) | $ | (8,984) | |||||||
A one percent change in the estimated sales return rate could affect net income by approximately $0.3 million. A change in the pattern or trends in returns could affect the estimated allowance.
Customer Credit Risk
In the journal publishing business, some subscriptions are sourced through journal subscription agents who, acting as agents for library customers, facilitate ordering by consolidating the subscription orders/billings of each subscriber with various publishers. Cash is generally collected in advance from subscribers by the subscription agents and is principally remitted to us between the months of December and April. Although currently we have minimal credit risk exposure to these agents, future calendar-year subscription receipts from these agents are highly dependent on their financial condition and liquidity. Subscription agents account for approximately 18% of total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2025, and no one affiliated group of subscription agents accounts for more than 10% of total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2025.
Our book business is not dependent upon a single customer; however, the industry is concentrated in national, regional, and online bookstore chains. Although no single book customer accounts for more than 7% of total consolidated revenue and 11% of accounts receivable, net at July 31, 2025, the top 10 book customers account for approximately 12% of total consolidated revenue and approximately 23% of accounts receivable, net at July 31, 2025.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures: The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with the Chief Accounting Officer and other members of the Company’s management, have conducted an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended July 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There have been no significant developments related to legal proceedings during the three months ended July 31, 2025. For information regarding legal proceedings, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 Note 16, “Commitment and Contingencies”.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, that if they were to occur, could materially adversely affect our businesses, consolidated financial condition, and results of operations. For a discussion of our risk factors, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of $250 million of Class A or B Common Stock. No share repurchases were made under this program during the three months ended July 31, 2025. The share repurchase program is in addition to the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors during the year ended April 30, 2020 of $200 million of Class A or B Common Stock.
During the three months ended July 31, 2025, we made the following purchases of Class A and Class B Common Stock under our publicly announced stock repurchase programs:
| Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share(1) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of a Publicly Announced Program | Maximum Number of Shares that May be Purchased Under the Program | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May be Purchased Under Additional Plans or Programs (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 2025 | — | $ | — | — | — | $ | 57.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 2025 | 77,644 | 44.22 | 77,644 | — | 304.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 2025 | 253,932 | 41.61 | 253,932 | — | 293.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 331,576 | $ | 42.22 | 331,576 | — | $ | 293.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Average price per share excludes excise taxes payable on share repurchases. | ||||
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Directors and Executive Officers Trading Arrangements
During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, none of our directors or officers adopted terminated
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Material Contracts | |||||
Fiscal Year 2026 Restricted Share Unit Grant Agreement under the Executive Long-Term Incentive Plan, Under the Business Officer Equity Program, Pursuant to the 2022 Omnibus Stock Plan and Long-Term Incentive Plan ● | |||||
Fiscal Year 2026 Performance Share Unit Grant Agreement under the Executive Long-Term Incentive Plan, under the Business Officer Equity Program, Pursuant to the 2022 Omnibus Stock Plan and Long-Term Incentive Plan ● | |||||
Form of the Fiscal Year 2026 Executive Long Term Incentive Plan ● | |||||
Form of the Fiscal Year 2026 Executive Annual Incentive Plan ● | |||||
Employment Letter dated July 28, 2020 between Deirdre Silver, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and the Company. ● | |||||
| Certifications Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||
| Certifications Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||
| Inline XBRL | |||||
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). | ||||
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | ||||
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | ||||
*Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
● Indicates management compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. Registrant | ||||||||
| By | /s/ Matthew S. Kissner | |||||||
Matthew S. Kissner | ||||||||
President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
| By | /s/ Craig Albright | |||||||
| Craig Albright | ||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
By | /s/ Christopher F. Caridi | |||||||
| Christopher F. Caridi | ||||||||
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Finance Transformation Leader | ||||||||
Dated: September 5, 2025 | ||||||||
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