10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2024


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number: 001-33185

MEDICINOVA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		33-0927979
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4275 Executive Square, Suite 300 La Jolla, CA		92037
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(858) 373-1500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Common Stock, $0.001 par value	MNOV	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Title of each class)	(Trading symbol(s))	(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 5, 2024, the registrant had 49,046,246 shares of Common Stock ($0.001 par value) outstanding.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in particular "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and the information incorporated by reference herein contains “forward-looking statements”. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” but are also contained elsewhere in this report. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "design," "intend," "expect," "could," "plan," "potential," "predict," "seek," "should," "would" or the negative version of these words and similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those described in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this report. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this report. Considering the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. You should read this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements:

•

Inability to raise additional capital if needed;

•

Inability to generate revenues from product sales to continue business operations;

•

Inability to develop and commercialize our product candidates;

•

Failure or delay in completing clinical trials or obtaining Food and Drug Administration or foreign regulatory approval for our product candidates in a timely manner;

•

Unsuccessful clinical trials stemming from clinical trial designs, failure to enroll a sufficient number of patients, undesirable side effects and other safety concerns;

•

Inability to demonstrate sufficient efficacy of product candidates;

•

Reliance on the success of our MN-166 (ibudilast) and MN-001 (tipelukast) product candidates;

•

Delays in commencement or completion of clinical trials or suspension or termination of clinical trials;

•

Loss of our licensed rights to develop and commercialize a product candidate as a result of the termination of the underlying licensing agreement;

•

Competitors may develop products rendering our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive;

•

Inability to successfully attract partners and enter into collaborations on acceptable terms;

•

Dependence on third parties to conduct clinical trials and to manufacture product candidates;

•

Dependence on third parties to market and distribute products;

•

Our product candidates, if approved, may not gain market acceptance or obtain adequate coverage for third party reimbursement;

•

Disputes or other developments concerning our intellectual property rights;

•

Actual and anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;

•

Price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock markets;

•

Litigation or public concern about the safety of our potential products;

•

International trade or foreign exchange restrictions, increased tariffs, foreign currency exchange;

•

High quality material for our products may become difficult to obtain or expensive;

•

Strict government regulations on our business;

•

Regulations governing the production or marketing of our product candidates;

•

Loss of, or inability to attract, key personnel; and

•

Economic, political, foreign exchange and other risks associated with international operations.

•

The widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, such as COVID-19, which has led to lead key employees becoming ill for a period of time;

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “MediciNova,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to MediciNova, Inc.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		5

ITEM 1.	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)	5
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	17
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	22
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	22

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		23

ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	23
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	23
ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	23
ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	23
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	23
ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	23
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	24

SIGNATURES		25

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,337,824		$	50,999,442
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,167,763			174,938
Total current assets		45,505,587			51,174,380
Goodwill		9,600,240			9,600,240
In-process research and development		4,800,000			4,800,000
Property and equipment, net		35,813			45,800
Right-of-use asset		443,172			575,406
Other non-current assets		18,996			74,151
Total assets	$	60,403,808		$	66,269,977
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	667,695		$	1,003,937
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities		1,636,637			2,059,238
Operating lease liability		190,047			215,926
Total current liabilities		2,494,379			3,279,101
Deferred tax liability		201,792			201,792
Other non-current liabilities		302,483			410,660
Total liabilities		2,998,654			3,891,553
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 49,046,246 and 49,046,246 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		49,046			49,046
Additional paid-in capital		478,572,046			478,149,161
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(131,527	)		(118,090	)
Accumulated deficit		(421,084,411	)		(415,701,693	)
Total stockholders’ equity		57,405,154			62,378,424
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	60,403,808		$	66,269,977

See accompanying notes.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patents	$	1,646,049		$	1,735,735		$	3,427,918		$	3,212,411
General and administrative		1,400,447			1,564,295			2,754,571			3,050,862
Total operating expenses		3,046,496			3,300,030			6,182,489			6,263,273
Operating loss		(3,046,496	)		(3,300,030	)		(6,182,489	)		(6,263,273	)
Interest income		435,351			451,420			832,861			960,466
Other expense		(17,055	)		(23,210	)		(33,090	)		(486,517	)
Net loss	$	(2,628,200	)	$	(2,871,820	)	$	(5,382,718	)	$	(5,789,324	)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.12	)
Shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share		49,046,246			49,046,246			49,046,246			49,046,246
Net loss	$	(2,628,200	)	$	(2,871,820	)		(5,382,718	)		(5,789,324	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(4,545	)		(4,213	)		(13,437	)		(5,755	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,632,745	)	$	(2,876,033	)	$	(5,396,155	)	$	(5,795,079	)

See accompanying notes.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Common stock				Additional paid-in		Accumulated other comprehensive			Accumulated			Total stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		capital		loss			deficit			equity
Balance at December 31, 2023		49,046,246	$	49,046	$	478,149,161	$	(118,090	)	$	(415,701,693	)	$	62,378,424
Share-based compensation	—		—			215,430	—			—				215,430
Net loss	—		—		—		—				(2,754,518	)		(2,754,518	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—			(8,892	)	—				(8,892	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		49,046,246		49,046		478,364,591		(126,982	)		(418,456,211	)		59,830,444
Share-based compensation		—		—		207,455		—			—			207,455
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(2,628,200	)		(2,628,200	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		(4,545	)		—			(4,545	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		49,046,246	$	49,046	$	478,572,046	$	(131,527	)	$	(421,084,411	)	$	57,405,154


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Common stock				Additional paid-in		Accumulated other comprehensive			Accumulated			Total stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		capital		loss			deficit			equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		49,046,246	$	49,046	$	477,438,451	$	(115,285	)	$	(407,130,177	)	$	70,242,035
Share-based compensation	—		—			403,263	—			—				403,263
Net loss	—		—		—		—				(2,917,504	)		(2,917,504	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—			(1,542	)	—				(1,542	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		49,046,246		49,046		477,841,714		(116,827	)		(410,047,681	)		67,726,252
Share-based compensation		—		—		325,710		—			—			325,710
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(2,871,820	)		(2,871,820	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		(4,213	)		—			(4,213	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	49,046,246	$	49,046	$	478,167,424	$	(121,040	)	$	(412,919,501	)	$	65,175,929

See accompanying notes.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,382,718	)	$	(5,789,324	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Non-cash stock-based compensation		422,885			728,973
Depreciation and amortization		10,720			9,100
Loss on disposal of investments		—			102,513
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		—			—
Change in carrying amount of right-of-use asset		85,595			98,643
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(947,502	)		(182,896	)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities		(780,838	)		(428,876	)
Operating lease liabilities		(87,320	)		(98,562	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,679,178	)		(5,560,429	)
Investing activities:
Proceeds from disposal of investments		—			39,929,015
Acquisitions of property and equipment		(891	)		(18,577	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities		(891	)		39,910,438
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		18,451			20,769
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(6,661,618	)		34,370,778
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		50,999,442			18,505,493
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	44,337,824		$	52,876,271
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability		42,281			139,001

Change in carrying amount of right-of-use asset due to termination of lease	$	79,229		$	—

See accompanying notes.

MEDICINOVA, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Interim Financial Information

Organization and Business

MediciNova, Inc. (the Company or MediciNova) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in September 2000. The Company’s common stock is listed in both the United States and Japan and trades on the Nasdaq Global Market and the Standard Market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The Company is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel therapeutics for the treatment of serious diseases with unmet medical needs with a commercial focus on the United States market. The Company’s current strategy is to focus its development activities on MN-166 (ibudilast) for neurological and other disorders such as progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, degenerative cervical myelopathy, glioblastoma, substance dependence and addiction (e.g., methamphetamine dependence, opioid dependence, and alcohol dependence), prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and Long COVID, and MN-001 (tipelukast) for fibrotic and other diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The Company’s pipeline also includes MN-221 (bedoradrine) for the treatment of acute exacerbation of asthma and MN-029 (denibulin) for solid tumor cancers.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and of the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. The results of operations for the interim period shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. The balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MediciNova, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, MediciNova Japan, Inc., MediciNova (Europe) Limited, MediciNova Europe GmbH, MediciNova Canada, Inc. and Avigen Inc. The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using their local currency as the functional currency. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income or loss. Intercompany transaction gains or losses at each period end are included as translation adjustments and recorded within other comprehensive income or loss. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company operates in a single operating segment – the acquisition and development of small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of serious diseases with unmet medical needs.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and other highly liquid investments including money market and mutual fund accounts, with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.

Investments

Investments purchased with an original maturity of greater than three months are classified as investments. Investments are stated at fair value and are classified as current or non-current based on the nature of the securities as well as their stated maturities.

Research, Development and Patents

Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel, facilities and depreciation, research and development supplies, licenses and outside services. Such research and development costs totaled $1.5 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.2 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. The Company includes all external costs related to the filing of patents in Research, Development and Patents expenses. Such patent-related expenses totaled $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For transactions with a government where the Company receives government assistance in performing research and development activities and the accounting for a transaction is not specified within the scope of authoritative GAAP, the Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 832, Government Assistance (Topic 832), applying a grant or contribution model by analogy to Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities-Revenue Recognition.

Clinical Trial Accruals and Prepaid Expenses

Costs for preclinical studies, clinical studies and manufacturing activities are recognized as research and development expenses based on an evaluation of the progress by Company vendors towards completion of specific tasks, using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to the Company by such vendors regarding their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of individual contracts and payment timing may differ significantly from the period in which the services are performed. The Company determines accrual estimates through reports from and discussions with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of completion of studies, or the services completed. The Company’s estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date are based on the facts and circumstances known at the time. Costs that are paid in advance of performance are deferred as a prepaid expense and amortized over the service period as the services are provided.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and if so, determines whether the lease qualifies as an operating or finance lease. The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less and does not separate non-lease components from lease components. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in general and administrative expenses. As most of the Company’s operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate that the Company would expect to pay to borrow on a collateralized and fully amortizing basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (ASU 2020-06). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded features that could be recognized separately from the host contract. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. ASU 2020-06 also requires use of the if-converted method in the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years for smaller reporting companies, with early adoption permitted. The new standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. There was no impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption of this standard on January 1, 2024.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07). ASU 2023-07 improves the disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and addresses requests from investors for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. Specifically, it requires that a public entity: 1) disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, 2) disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss, 3) provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and 4) disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU also requires a public entity that has a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. Further, the ASU clarifies that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures. However, at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in measuring the corresponding amounts in the public entity’s consolidated financial statements. The amendments are effective for all public entities that are required to report segment information for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). ASU 2023-09 enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Specifically, it requires that a public business entity: 1) disclose, on an annual basis, an income tax rate reconciliation in a tabular form, disclosing specific categories and providing additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, 2) disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: i) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, ii) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received), 3) all entities are required to disclose: i) income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and ii) income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition Policy

Revenues historically have consisted mainly of research and development services performed under a contract with a customer. The Company evaluates the separate performance obligation(s) under each contract, allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation considering the estimated stand-alone selling prices of the services and recognizes revenue upon the satisfaction of such obligations at a point in time or over time dependent on the satisfaction of one of the following criteria: 1) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the economic benefits provided by the vendor’s performance; 2) the vendor creates or

enhances an asset controlled by the customer; 3) the vendor’s performance does not create an asset for which the vendor has an alternative use; and 4) the vendor has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

3. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


Level 1:	Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:	Inputs are quoted prices for similar items in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar items in markets that are not active near the measurement date; and

Level 3:	Unobservable inputs due to little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying amount and approximate fair value of financial instruments as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows:


	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Valuation Inputs
Cash and cash equivalents:
Mutual funds	$	20,980,327	$	20,980,327	$	782,382	$	782,382	Level 1

4. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

The Company has operating leases primarily for real estate in the United States and Japan. The United States lease is for the Company’s headquarters in San Diego and has a term of five years ending January 31, 2027, with annual escalations. In April 2024, the Company provided notice to terminate its previous lease agreement for its Tokyo office, effective October 2024, and in May 2024, the Company entered into a new lease agreement, effective June 2024, for a different office space for its Tokyo location. The new lease has an initial lease term of 12 months ending May 2025 with an option to extend for an additional two months, after which there will be automatic two-month renewals until the lease is terminated. In measuring the lease liability, the Company determined that it was reasonably certain that it would exercise one renewal option. Accordingly, the Company used a lease term of 14 months in measuring the lease liability. The Company measured the lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments, including the one extension option that is reasonably certain to exercise, discounted using the estimated incremental borrowing rate of 6.95%, which is the interest rate that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments at initial commencement. The real estate operating leases are included in "Right-of-use asset” on the Company's balance sheets and represents the Company’s right to use the underlying assets for the lease term. The Company’s obligation to make lease payments are included in "Operating lease liability" and "Other non-current liabilities" on the Company's balance sheets.

Information related to the Company’s right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities are as follows:


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	64,239	$	64,024	$	128,833	$	127,391
Operating lease costs		62,122		64,011		125,301		128,022


	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Current operating lease liabilities	$	190,047		$	215,926
Non-current operating lease liabilities		302,483			410,660
Total operating lease liabilities	$	492,530		$	626,586

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		2.47			2.81
Weighted-average discount rate		9.6	%		9.3	%


Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:
2024 (remaining six months)	$	109,879
2025		223,396
2026		206,483
2027		17,269
2028		—
Thereafter		—
Total minimum payments		557,027
Less imputed interest		(64,497	)
Total lease liabilities	$	492,530

Product Liability

The Company’s business exposes it to liability risks from its potential drug products. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against the Company could result in the payment of significant amounts of money and divert management’s attention from running the business. The Company may not be able to maintain insurance on acceptable terms, or the insurance may not provide adequate protection in the case of a product liability claim. To the extent that product liability insurance, if available, does not cover potential claims, the Company would be required to self-insure the risks associated with such claims. The Company believes it carries reasonably adequate insurance for product liability.

License and Research Agreements

The Company has entered into in-licensing agreements with various pharmaceutical companies. Under the terms of these agreements, the Company has received licenses to research, know-how and technology claimed in specified patents or patent applications. Under these license agreements, the Company is generally required to make upfront payments and additional payments upon the achievement of milestones and/or royalties on future sales of products until the later of the expiration of the applicable patent or the applicable last date of market exclusivity after the first commercial sale, on a country-by-country basis.

No milestone payments have been made under these agreements during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. For products currently in development, future potential milestone payments based on product development of MN-166 (ibudilast) and MN-001 (tipelukast) are $10 million as of June 30, 2024. For all other products, future potential milestone payments related to development milestones and commercialization milestones totaled $16.5 million as of June 30, 2024. There are no minimum royalties required under any of the license agreements. The Company is unable to estimate with certainty the timing on when these milestone payments will occur as these payments are dependent upon the progress of the Company’s product development programs.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not aware of any such proceedings or claims that it believes will have, individually or in aggregate, a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

5. Stock-based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plans

In June 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (2013 Plan) under which the Company granted equity-based awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units to individuals who were then employees, officers, non-employee directors or consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries. A total of 8,700,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan. In addition, “returning shares” that may become available from time to time were added back to the 2013 Plan. “Returning shares” included shares that were subject to outstanding awards granted under the Company's prior 2004 Equity Incentive Plan that expired or terminated prior to exercise or settlement, were forfeited because of the failure to vest, were repurchased, or were withheld to satisfy tax withholding or purchase price obligations in connection with such awards. Although the Company no longer grants equity awards under the 2013 Plan, all outstanding stock awards granted under the 2013 Plan will continue to be subject to the terms and conditions as set forth in the agreements evidencing such stock awards and the terms of the 2013 Plan.

In June 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (2023 Plan) under which the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, non-employee directors or consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries. The 2023 Plan is the successor to the 2013 Plan. The number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2023 Plan is equal to the sum of (a) shares subject to awards granted under the 2013 Plan that were outstanding upon expiration of the 2013 Plan and are subsequently forfeited, expire or lapse unexercised or unsettled and shares issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2013 Plan that were outstanding upon expiration of the 2013 Plan and are subsequently forfeited to or reacquired by the Company and (b) shares reserved under the 2013 Plan that were not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the 2013 Plan upon expiration of the 2013 Plan. While a maximum of 9,934,567 shares may become available for issuance under the 2023 Plan from the 2013 Plan, since this figure assumes that all awards outstanding under the 2013 Plan upon expiration of the 2013 Plan will be forfeited, the Company expects the actual number of shares added to the 2023 Plan to be less. In general, to the extent that awards under the 2023 Plan are forfeited, cancelled or expire for any reason before being exercised or settled in full, the shares subject to such awards will again become available for issuance under the 2023 Plan. If stock appreciation rights are exercised or restricted stock units are settled, then only the number of shares (if any) actually issued to the participant will reduce the number of shares available under the 2023 Plan. If restricted shares or shares issued upon exercise of options are reacquired by the Company pursuant to a forfeiture provision, repurchase right or for any other reason, then such shares shall again become available for issuance under the 2023 Plan. Shares withheld to pay the exercise price of options or satisfy tax withholding obligations related to an award shall again become available for issuance under the 2023 Plan. Further, to the extent an award is settled in cash rather than shares, the cash settlement shall not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the 2023 Plan.

As of June 30, 2024, 1,502,923 shares remain available for future grants under the 2023 Plan.

Certain of the employee stock options granted contain performance conditions, the vesting of which is based on a determination made by the compensation committee followed by an approval of the board of directors as to the achievement of certain corporate objectives at the end of the performance period. The grant date of such awards is the date on which the board of directors makes its determination. For periods preceding the grant date, the expense related to these awards is measured based on their fair value at each reporting date. The estimated fair value of the performance awards granted and the resulting expense is based upon a certain level of achievement of the corporate objectives and other assumptions in determining fair value. The amount of expense ultimately recognized upon the grant date at completion of the performance period could change from the estimate as a result of various factors, including the level of achievement of the corporate objectives, changes in the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model in determining fair value or fluctuations in the Company’s stock price during the performance period. As of June 30, 2024, there were a total of 1,100,000 shares underlying performance options that were subject to vesting based on achievement of corporate objectives for 2024.

Stock Options

Options granted under the 2023 Plan and the 2013 Plan have terms of ten years from the date of grant unless earlier terminated and generally vest over a one or four year period. The exercise price of all options granted through June 30, 2024 and 2023, was equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Medicinova Inc