Document

DEF 14A 1 athx-20221231xadef14a.htm DEF 14A Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant x Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:


☐						Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐						Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

x						Definitive Proxy Statement

☐						Definitive Additional Materials

☐						Soliciting Material Pursuant to Section 240.14a-12.

Athersys, Inc.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

No fee required.

☐

Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

☐

Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.


A MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD AND THE CEO OF ATHERSYS
	Dear Fellow Stockholders:
	Our Annual Meeting of Stockholders has been postponed to July 28, 2022, at 8:30 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, to provide additional time for the Company to add a proposal to authorize our Board of Directors, if in the Board’s judgment it is necessary, to select and file an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, you are being asked to consider and vote to approve a revised slate of Director nominees: Daniel Camardo, Ismail Kola, Kenneth H. Traub, Jane Wasman and Jack L. Wyszomierski. As previously announced, in connection with the Company’s restructuring and initiatives to reduce costs, the Board approved reducing its size to five members. In relation to this reduction, the following Board members resigned from the Board, as of June 16, 2022: John J. Harrington, Hardy TS Kagimoto, Katherine Kalin, Lorin J. Randall, and Baiju R. Shah. The Board members’ decisions to depart were not the result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. These Board members agreed that their departures now would align the Company’s resources with its current strategy and operations. We also expect that the reduction in Board size will help enhance efficient decision-making at this important time for Athersys. Each stockholder as of June 9, 2022, the record date, will receive new proxy materials and an updated proxy voting card. Prior proxy materials and votes that were cast are no longer valid, and we ask that each stockholder vote again. Please take some time to read through this year’s proxy and vote. Every vote is important and needed. We invite you to join us at our virtual 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on Thursday, July 28, 2022, at 8:30 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time. Thank you for your support and commitment to Athersys. Sincerely,
Ismail Kola, PhD, Med Chairman of the Board and Independent Director

Daniel Camardo, MBA Chief Executive Officer and Director
	/s/ Ismail Kola	/s/ Daniel Camardo
	Ismail Kola	Daniel Camardo
	Chairman of the Board	Chief Executive Officer and Director
	July 1, 2022	July 1, 2022

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF
STOCKHOLDERS ON
July 28, 2022

The 2022 Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting to enable all stockholders the opportunity to attend and not have to travel to an in-person event. The Company is holding a virtual Annual Meeting only and stockholders can participate online at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ATHX2022 at the appointed date and time. To vote during the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-digit control number located on your proxy card. Please keep your control number in a safe place so it is available to you for the meeting. Using this control number, you will be able to participate in the live meeting. Please allow ample time for online check-in, which will begin at 8:15 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on July 28, 2022.


ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
DATE			July 28, 2022 at 8:30 AM EDT
WEBSITE URL			http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ATHX2022
RECORD DATE			June 9, 2022
VOTING			Holders of outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the record date are entitled to vote
STOCK SYMBOL			ATHX
EXCHANGE			The Nasdaq Capital Market
TRANSFER AGENT			Computershare
The 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, of Athersys, Inc., a Delaware corporation, will be held for the following purposes:


1			To elect the five Directors nominated by the Board of Directors;
2			To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022;
3			To approve the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan;
4			To approve an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock;
5			To approve, on an advisory basis, named executive officer compensation; and
6			To consider other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

Your vote is very important to us. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we hope you will vote as soon as possible. Stockholders of record at the close of business on Thursday, June 9, 2022 are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Your Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote: “FOR” the following:


P	FOR	Each of the five Directors nominated by the Board of Directors;
P	FOR	The ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022;
P	FOR	The approval of the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan;
P	FOR	The approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock; and
P	FOR	The approval, on an advisory basis, of named executive officer compensation.

MANY WAYS TO VOTE

BY INTERNET

BY PHONE

BY MAIL

IN PERSON

SCAN QR CODE

Visit www.proxyvote.com

Dial 1-800-690-6903

Sign, date and return your proxy card or voting instruction form

Vote in person at the virtual meeting

Scan the QR code on your Proxy Card to vote.

Even if you expect to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, please promptly complete, sign, date and mail the enclosed proxy. A self-addressed envelope is enclosed for your convenience. No postage is required if mailed in the United States. You may vote online during the Annual Meeting by following the instructions on the meeting website and if you have the 16-digit control number on your proxy card in the box marked by the arrow. Stockholders who attend the Annual Meeting may revoke their proxies and vote online during the meeting if they so desire. You may also vote electronically at www.proxyvote.com or telephonically at 1-800-690-6903 within the United States and Canada.


By Order of the Board of Directors,

/s/ Daniel Camardo
Daniel Camardo
Secretary

July 1, 2022

CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, statements regarding the potential benefits of our MultiStem product candidate; anticipated results of clinical trials involving our MultiStem product candidate; the timing of initiation of new clinical sites and patient enrollment in our clinical trials, the expected timetable for development of our product candidates, our growth strategy, and our future financial performance, including our operations, economic performance, financial condition, prospects, and other future events. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by using such words as “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “should,” “suggest,” “will,” or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are largely based on our current expectations.

In addition, a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors could affect the accuracy of these statements. Some of the more significant known risks that we face are the risks and uncertainties inherent in the process of discovering, developing, and commercializing products that are safe and effective for use as therapeutics, including the uncertainty regarding market acceptance of our product candidates and our ability to generate revenues. The following risks and uncertainties may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements:

•the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials involving MultiStem;

•the risk that positive results in a clinical trial may not be replicated in subsequent or confirmatory trials or success in an early-stage clinical trial may not be predictive of results in later stage or large scale clinical trials;

•our ability to raise capital to fund our operations, including but not limited to, our ability to access our traditional financing sources and to continue as a going concern;

•our ability to regain compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share as set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2);

•the timing and nature of results from MultiStem clinical trials, including the MASTERS-2 Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the administration of MultiStem for the treatment of ischemic stroke;

•our ability to meet milestones and earn royalties under our collaboration agreements, including the success of our collaboration with HEALIOS K.K.;

•the success of our MACOVIA clinical trial evaluating the administration of MultiStem for the treatment of ARDS induced by COVID-19 and other pathogens, and the MATRICS-1 clinical trial being conducted with The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston evaluating the treatment of patients with serious traumatic injuries;

•the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic could continue to delay clinical site initiation, clinical trial enrollment, regulatory review and potential receipt of regulatory approvals, payments of milestones under our license agreements and commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, if approved;

•the availability of product sufficient to meet commercial demand shortly following any approval;

•the impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition from the ongoing and global COVID-19 pandemic, or any other pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of infectious disease in the United States;

•the possibility of delays in, adverse results of, and excessive costs of the development process;

•our ability to successfully initiate and complete clinical trials of our product candidates;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production capabilities of our contract manufacturing partners and our MultiStem trial supply chain;

•the possibility of delays, work stoppages or interruptions in manufacturing by third parties or us, such as due to material supply constraints, contaminations, operational restrictions due to COVID-19 or other public health emergencies, labor constraints, regulatory issues or other factors that could negatively impact our trials and the trials of our collaborators;

•uncertainty regarding market acceptance of our product candidates and our ability to generate revenues, including MultiStem cell therapy for neurological, inflammatory and immune, cardiovascular and other critical care indications;

•changes in external market factors;

•changes in our industry’s overall performance;

•changes in our business strategy;

•our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property and related business operations, including the successful prosecution of our patent applications and enforcement of our patent rights, and operate our business in an environment of rapid technology and intellectual property development;

•our possible inability to realize commercially valuable discoveries in our collaborations with pharmaceutical and other biotechnology companies;

•our collaborators’ ability to continue to fulfill their obligations under the terms of our collaboration agreements and generate sales related to our technologies;

•the success of our efforts to enter into new strategic partnerships and advance our programs;

•our possible inability to execute our strategy due to changes in our industry or the economy generally;

•changes in productivity and reliability of suppliers;

•the success of our competitors and the emergence of new competitors; and

•the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022 and our other filings with the SEC.

Although we currently believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee our future results, levels of activity or performance. We undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K furnished to the SEC. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

INFORMATION REFERENCED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT

The content of the websites referred to in this proxy statement are not deemed to be part of, and are not incorporated by reference into, this proxy statement.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS			5
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND ITS COMMITTEES			11
PROPOSAL TWO RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP AS INDEPENDENT AUDITORS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2022			17
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT			19
PROPOSAL THREE APPROVAL OF THE AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF THE ATHERSYS, INC. 2019 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN			21
PROPOSAL FOUR APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY’S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO EFFECT A REVERSE SPLIT OF THE COMPANY’S SHARES OF COMMON STOCK			40
PROPOSAL FIVE APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION			51
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION			52
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT			75
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK			76
EMPLOYEE, OFFICER AND DIRECTOR HEDGING			78
SUBMISSION OF STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION			79
SOLICITATION OF PROXIES			80
OTHER MATTERS			81


BOARD DIVERSITY MATRIX
As of June 16, 2022
Total Number of Directors	5
	# Female	# Male	# Non-Binary	# Did not disclose gender
Part 1: Gender Identity
Directors	1	4	0	0
Part 2: Demographic Background
African American or Black	0	0	0	0
Alaska Native or Native American	0	0	0	0
Asian	0	0	0	0
Hispanic or Latinx	0	0	0	0
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	0	0	0	0
White	1	3	0	0
Two or More Races or Ethnicities	0	1	0	0
LGBTQ+	0	0	0	0
Did not disclose demographic background	0	0	0	0

Our Investors and Engagement

Our investors are very important to us. Together we are all working towards developing new medicines to help people. We value and are deeply thankful for all our investors, especially those investors that have held our stock for many years and have been with us through the journey of developing MultiStem.

We engage our investors regularly through email and phone correspondence. Athersys does not limit correspondence based on the amount of stock ownership, and any investor may request a phone call with the investor relations department. Any stockholder inquiry or comment can be sent to Investor Relations at ir@athersys.com.

In addition to answering incoming inquiries, we engage in proactive outreach to both retail and institutional investors to ask for feedback on ESG matters or other concerns and suggestions. We value these conversations and have learned which issues are important to our stockholders, as we strive for continuous improvement.

Our 2021 say-on-pay proposal received 58% approval of the total votes for and against the proposal. In response to the voting results, we began an investigation and conducted a thorough voting analysis, which revealed that institutional investors were in favor of our say-on-pay proposal, and the majority of against votes were from our retail stockholder base. Further, to hear feedback and learn ways to improve, we reached out to many of our institutional investors and large retail stockholders and offered meetings to discuss ESG matters and say-on-pay. A number of firms and investors responded letting us know they had no governance concerns at this time and declined a meeting, while others accepted a meeting. Meetings took place in November and December of 2021 and included at least one, but often two, independent directors of the Board and our Director of Corporate Communications and Investor Relations and our Corporate Communications and Investor Relations Associate.

We gained valuable feedback from these meetings with our investors, and in response, we have taken stockholder-friendly actions. In April 2021, our Board adopted a clawback policy that permits us to recoup incentive compensation paid to our current or former officers in certain circumstances. In June 2021, our Board adopted stock ownership guidelines that align the interests of certain of our executive officers and our non-employee Directors with our stockholders by requiring that such executive officers and non-employee Directors acquire, over time, a meaningful personal investment in the Common Stock for which they are making managerial and oversight decisions. Additionally, effective December 31, 2021, we entered into updated employment agreements with our executive officers that include a “double trigger” vesting requirement (which requires a qualifying termination of employment following a change in control) in order for any severance payments to become payable under such agreements. For information regarding these actions, please see “Executive Compensation — Compensation Discussion and Analysis” below. Also, at these investor meetings, we learned that while the institutional investors noted that our level of compensation was in line with our peer groups, certain aspects of our executive compensation program were not well-received by our investors. In response, our Board, in conjunction with our Compensation Committee, is considering several improvements to our executive compensation program. One such change is that, looking ahead to the short-term cash incentive program for 2022, our executives’ paid annual incentives will be solely dependent on achievement of corporate goals.


			-iii-

Athersys, Inc.
3201 Carnegie Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2634

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON JULY 28, 2022

The 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, of Athersys, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which we refer to as the “Company,” “Athersys,” “we” and “us,” will be held on Thursday, July 28, 2022, at 8:30 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ATHX2022.

This proxy statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors of the Company, which we refer to as the Board, of proxies to be used at the Annual Meeting. This proxy statement and the related proxy are being mailed to stockholders commencing on or about July 5, 2022.

Stockholders of record of the Company at the close of business on Thursday, June 9, 2022, or the Record Date, will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of June 9, 2022, 263,933,756 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, which we refer to as Common Stock, were outstanding and entitled to vote. Stockholders have no right to cumulative voting as to any matter, including the election of Directors. Each share of Common Stock is entitled to one vote. At the Annual Meeting, inspectors of election shall determine the presence of a quorum and shall tabulate the results of the vote of the stockholders. The holders of a majority of the total number of outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote must be present in person online or by proxy to constitute the necessary quorum for any business to be transacted at the Annual Meeting. Properly executed proxies marked “abstain,” as well as “broker non-votes,” as described below, will be considered “present” for purposes of determining whether a quorum has been achieved at the Annual Meeting.

VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING

As permitted by Delaware law and our bylaws, we have implemented the virtual annual meeting format to enable all stockholders the opportunity to attend and not have to travel to an in-person event.

We remain sensitive to concerns regarding virtual meetings generally from investor advisory groups and other stockholder rights advocates who have voiced concerns that virtual meetings may diminish stockholder voice or reduce accountability. In preparation for the virtual Annual Meeting, (i) we will implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting is a stockholder or proxy holder, (ii) we will implement reasonable measures to provide stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (iii) we will maintain a record of any votes or other action taken by stockholders or proxy holders at the meeting. Additionally, the online format allows stockholders to communicate with us during the meeting so they can ask appropriate questions of the Board or management in accordance

with the rules of conduct for the meeting. During the live Q&A session of the meeting, we will answer relevant questions as time permits.

Information regarding the ability of stockholders to ask questions during the Annual Meeting, related rules of conduct at the Annual Meeting, and procedures for posting appropriate questions received during the Annual Meeting, will be posted on our investor relations page in advance of the Annual Meeting. Similarly, matters addressing technical and logistical issues, including technical support during the Annual Meeting and related to accessing the Annual Meeting’s virtual meeting platform, will be available at: http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ATHX2022.

ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION

Our completely virtual Annual Meeting will be conducted on the Internet via live webcast. You will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting online and submit your questions during the meeting; however, we encourage the submission of questions in advance by emailing ir@athersys.com. You also will be able to vote your shares electronically at the Annual Meeting; however, we encourage stockholders to submit their votes electronically in advance.

All stockholders of record as of the Record Date, or their duly appointed proxies, may participate in the Annual Meeting. To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-digit control number included on your proxy card that accompanied your proxy materials, and may also be required to provide your full name to help us validate that you are a stockholder of record. The Annual Meeting webcast will begin promptly at 8:30 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. Online access will begin at 8:15 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time.

The virtual meeting platform is fully supported across all browsers and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and cell phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plugins. Participants should ensure that they have a strong internet connection wherever they intend to participate in the meeting. Participants should also give themselves plenty of time to log in and ensure that they can hear streaming audio prior to the start of the meeting.

QUESTIONS

Stockholders may submit questions prior to or during the Annual Meeting. If you wish to submit a question during the meeting, you must first provide your full name, then type your question into the “Ask a Question” field, and click “Submit.” Questions pertinent to meeting matters will be answered during the meeting, subject to time constraints.

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES

When you access the website at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ATHX2022, we will have technicians ready to assist you with any technical difficulties you may have. If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual Annual Meeting during the check-in or during the meeting time, you will have access to technical support. Technical support will be available beginning at 8:15 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on July 28, 2022 through the conclusion of the Annual Meeting.

REQUIRED VOTE, ABSTENTIONS, BROKER NON-VOTES AND RELATED MATTERS

Brokers or other nominees who hold shares of Common Stock in “street name” for a beneficial owner of those shares typically have the authority to vote in their discretion on “routine” proposals when they have not received instructions from beneficial owners. However, brokers are not allowed to exercise their voting discretion with respect to the election of Directors or for the approval of other matters that are “non-routine,” without specific instructions from the beneficial owner. The vote required and the treatment of abstentions and broker non-votes for each proposal are described below.

PROPOSAL ONE— Election of Directors is considered a non-routine matter, and without your instruction, your broker cannot vote your shares with respect to this proposal. The nominees for Director shall be elected by a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy for the Director at the Annual Meeting. For this purpose, a majority of the votes cast shall mean that the number of shares voted “for” a Director’s election exceeds 50% of the number of votes cast, and votes cast shall exclude abstentions and broker non-votes. In any uncontested election of Directors, any incumbent director nominee who does not receive a majority of the votes cast shall promptly tender his or her resignation to the Board. The Board shall decide, taking into account the recommendation of the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee of the Board, whether to accept or reject the tendered resignation, or whether other action should be taken.

PROPOSAL TWO— Ratification of the Appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s Independent Auditors for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2022 is considered to be a routine matter. Accordingly, we do not expect broker non-votes on this proposal. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares cast for or against, in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, is necessary for the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Under the Company’s bylaws, abstentions will have no effect on this proposal. As an advisory vote, the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 is not binding on the Company.

PROPOSAL THREE— Approval of the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan is considered a non-routine matter, and without your instruction, your broker cannot vote your shares with respect to this proposal. Approval of this proposal requires the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast for or against, in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, on such proposal at the Annual Meeting. Under the Company’s bylaws, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal as they will not be counted in determining the number of votes cast for or against such proposal.

PROPOSAL FOUR— Approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock is considered a routine matter. Accordingly, we do not expect broker non-votes on this proposal. Under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the approval of this proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote on such proposal at the Annual Meeting. Consequently, abstentions will have the effect of votes “against” the proposal.

PROPOSAL FIVE— Approval, on an advisory basis, of named executive officer compensation is considered a non-routine matter, and without your instruction, your broker cannot vote your shares with respect to this proposal. Approval of this proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast for or against, in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, on such proposal at the Annual Meeting. Under the Company’s bylaws, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal as they will not be counted in determining the number of votes cast. As an advisory vote, the approval of named executive officer compensation is not binding on the Company.

The shares of Common Stock represented by all valid proxies received will be voted in the manner specified on the proxies. Where specific choices are not indicated on a valid proxy, the shares of Common Stock represented by such proxies received will be voted: (i) for the election of each of the five Director nominees named in this proxy statement; (ii) for the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022; (iii) for the approval of the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan; (iv) for the approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock; (v) for the approval, on an advisory basis, of named executive officer compensation; and (vi) in accordance with the best judgment of the persons named in the enclosed proxy, or their substitutes, for other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

Returning your completed proxy will not prevent you from voting in person at the Annual Meeting should you be present and desire to do so. In addition, you may revoke the proxy at any time prior to its exercise either by giving written notice to the Company or by submission of a later-dated proxy.

PROPOSAL ONE
ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

The Board currently consists of the following five Directors: Daniel Camardo, Ismail Kola, Kenneth H. Traub, Jane Wasman and Jack L. Wyszomierski, and their current term of office will expire at the Annual Meeting. On April 22, 2022, Baiju R. Shah notified the Company of his decision not to stand for reelection to the Board at the Annual Meeting. On June 6, 2022, the Board determined that, considering the recent restructuring of the Company, a reduced Board size was in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. Pursuant to the Company’s bylaws, the Board reduced the size of the Board to five members, effective as of the Annual Meeting. In connection with the Company’s cost-cutting and restructuring initiatives, on June 16, 2022, each of John J. Harrington, Hardy TS Kagimoto, Katherine Kalin, Lorin J. Randall and Mr. Shah resigned from the Board, effective immediately.

At each annual stockholders’ meeting, Directors are elected for a one-year term and hold office until their successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier removal or resignation. Newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of Directors or any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining Directors then in office.

At the Annual Meeting, five Directors are to be elected to hold office for a term of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. The Board recommends that its nominees for Director be elected at the Annual Meeting. The nominees are Daniel Camardo, Ismail Kola, Kenneth H. Traub, Jane Wasman and Jack L. Wyszomierski.

The composition of our Board is intentional and reflects the qualifications, skills and experience that are relevant to a biotechnology business. Our Board members have experience in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector and have expertise in business, science and medicine, and finance. In addition to the qualifications, skills and experience listed below, our Board members are committed to the Athersys mission and the core values of our Company - cooperation, excellence and innovation, responsibility to humanity and the environment, and honesty and integrity. Our Board also is committed to devoting the necessary time to the governance of our Company.

Pursuant to an investor rights agreement, referred to herein as the Investor Rights Agreement, entered into on March 14, 2018, as amended on August 5, 2021, between the Company and HEALIOS K.K., referred to herein as Healios, Healios has the right to nominate one Director to the Board, if Healios owns more than 5.0% of our outstanding Common Stock. At April 1, 2022, Healios owned approximately 6.5% of our outstanding Common Stock, and Mr. Traub has been nominated to continue to serve as Healios’ nominee to the Board. The Company had previously agreed to nominate Mr. Traub for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting under the terms of a cooperation agreement with Healios.

If any nominee becomes unavailable for any reason or should a vacancy occur before the election, which events are not anticipated, the proxies will be voted for the election of such other person as a Director as the Board may recommend. Information, including the qualifications, skills and experience each nominee for Director brings to the Board is outlined below.

Daniel Camardo, MBA

Age: 54

Chief Executive Officer

DIRECTOR SINCE:

2022

BOARD COMMITTEES:

N/A

KEY SKILLS:

Healthcare & Pharma, Medicine & Science, Business Leadership & Operations, Partnerships & Business Development, Regulatory and Commercial Launch

Mr. Camardo joined Athersys in February 2022 as our Chief Executive Officer. Previously, Mr. Camardo served as the President, U.S., and the Executive Vice President of Horizon Therapeutics plc, a global biotechnology company, overseeing the Rare Disease and Inflammation Business Units from August 2020 to February 2022, and served as Group Vice President from September 2015 to August 2020. Before joining Horizon Therapeutics, Mr. Camardo was Vice President of Sales and Operations at Clarus Therapeutics, a start-up company focused on men’s health, from July 2014 to September 2015. Prior to joining Clarus Therapeutics, Mr. Camardo held various commercial leadership roles, including Senior Director, U.S. Commercial Operations and Senior Director, Market Intelligence and Analytics from 2003 to 2014 at Astellas Pharma US, an affiliate of Astellas Pharma Inc., a Japanese global pharmaceutical company. Mr. Camardo became an Adjunct Lecturer in Healthcare at Kellogg School of Management (HCAK) in February 2022 and serves on the Board of Community Health, the largest volunteer-based health center in the nation providing health care at no charge to low income, uninsured adults, in Chicago. Mr. Camardo holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Mathematics from the University of Rochester and a Masters of Business Administration from Kellogg School of Management.

Qualifications, Skills and Experience: We believe that as our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Camardo is particularly well qualified to serve on the Board. His extensive experience in the biotechnology industry and leadership skills position him well to serve on the Board.

Ismail Kola, PhD (Med)

Age: 65

Independent

Chairman of the Board

DIRECTOR SINCE:

2010

BOARD COMMITTEES:

Compensation Committee (Chair); Audit Committee; Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee

KEY SKILLS:

Healthcare & Pharma, Medicine & Science, Business Leadership & Operations, Partnerships & Business Development, Regulatory and Commercial Launch

Dr. Kola has served as our Director since October 2010 and Chairman of the Board since February 2021. Dr. Kola is a Senior Partner at Forepont Capital, a pharmaceutical venture capital company, since April 2019. He was Executive Vice President of UCB S.A. in Belgium, a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative medicines focused on the fields of central nervous system and immunology disorders, and President of UCB New Medicines, UCB’s discovery research through to proof-of-concept in man organization, from November 2009 until December 2017. Dr. Kola was Senior Vice President, Discovery Research and Early Clinical Research & Experimental Medicine at Schering-Plough Research Institute, the pharmaceutical research arm of Schering-Plough Corporation and Chief Scientific Officer at Schering-Plough Corporation, from March 2007 until his appointment at UCB. Prior to Schering-Plough, Dr. Kola held senior positions at Merck and Pharmacia Corporation. He was also Director of the Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease and a professor of Human Molecular Genetics at Monash Medical School in Australia. Dr. Kola has been a director of Mobius Medical, a private start-up company from June 2018 to October 2021, and Infinion Biopharma, also a private start-up company since June 2018. He also serves as board member at Forepoint Capital since October 2019, GPN vaccines (a public but non-listed Australian Company) and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of GIMV, Belgium (GIMB.BR). Dr. Kola served on the boards of directors of Biotie Therapies, Inc. (NASDAQ: BITI) (and previously Synosia) from 2011 until 2016, Astex Therapeutics (NASDAQ: ASTX) from 2010 until 2013, Ondek Pty Ltd from 2009 to 2011, and Promega Corporation from 2003 to 2007. Dr. Kola received his Ph.D. (Med) in Medicine from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, his B.Sc. from the University of South Africa, and his B.Pharm. from Rhodes University, South Africa. Dr. Kola has authored 159 publications in scientific and medical journals and is the named inventor on at least a dozen patents. Dr. Kola holds Adjunct Professorships of Medicine at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and Monash University Medical School; a Foreign Adjunct Professorship at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden; and was elected William Pitt Fellow at Pembroke College, Cambridge University, UK in 2008. Dr. Kola has also been appointed a Visiting Professor at Oxford University, Nuffield School of Medicine, Oxford UK, since September 2012.

Qualifications, Skills and Experience: We believe that Dr. Kola’s years of experience enable him to provide the Board with important insight and leadership. He has led many teams that have brought medicines successfully to market and numerous drugs

from the research stage to market or late stage development. These relevant experiences equip Dr. Kola to advise our Board on the many current issues facing our Company.

Kenneth Traub, MBA

Age: 61

DIRECTOR SINCE:

2021

BOARD COMMITTEES:

N/A

KEY SKILLS:

Business Leadership & Operations, Finance, Capital Markets, Strategy, Corporate Governance

Mr. Traub joined our Board of Directors in February 2021, and he previously served as a director from June 2020 to October 2020 and from 2012 to 2016. Mr. Traub currently serves as the Managing Member of Delta Value Group, LLC, an investment management firm, since September 2019 and as the Managing Member of Delta Value Advisors LLC, a consulting firm, since October 2020. From December 2015 to January 2019, Mr. Traub was a Managing Partner at Raging Capital Management, LLC, an investment management firm. Prior to 2015, Mr. Traub has held senior management positions at Ethos Management LLC, JDSU, American Bank Note Holographics, Voxware Inc. and Trans-Resources, Inc. Mr. Traub also currently serves as a director of Tidewater, Inc. (NYSE: TDW) since 2018. Mr. Traub previously served on the boards of directors of the following companies over the past five years: DSP Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: DSPG) from 2012 until the company was acquired in 2021 and as Chairman of the Board from 2017 to 2021. AM Castle & Co. (NYSE: CAS) from 2014 to 2016, MRV Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRVC), as Chairman from 2011 until the company was acquired in 2017, IDW Media Holdings (OTC: IDWM) from 2015 to 2018, Immersion Corporation (NASDAQ: IMMR) from 2018 to 2019, Gulfmark, Inc. (NYSE: GLF) from 2017 until the company was acquired in 2018 and Intermolecular, Inc. (NASDAQ: IMI) from 2016 until the company was acquired in 2019. He also served as the Chairman of the Board of the New Jersey chapter of the Young Presidents Organization and on the board of the New Jersey chapter of the World Presidents Organization. Mr. Traub received a B.A. from Emory College and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Qualifications, Skills and Experience: We believe that Mr. Traub’s deep financial, corporate governance, capital markets and strategic background and expertise in managing and growing companies to maximize stockholder value, as well as his experience and knowledge of the Company provides valuable insight to the Board.

Jane Wasman, JD

Age: 65

Independent

DIRECTOR SINCE:

2020

BOARD COMMITTEES:

Audit Committee (Chair); Compensation Committee; Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee

KEY SKILLS:

Healthcare & Pharma, Business Leadership & Operations; International Business; Partnerships & Business Development; Law

Ms. Wasman has served as Director since November 2020. Ms. Wasman was President, International & General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly traded biopharmaceutical company, from 2012 through December 2019, managing its international, legal, quality, intellectual property and compliance functions, after serving in other executive roles at Acorda starting in 2004. Before joining Acorda, Ms. Wasman was employed with Schering-Plough Corporation, a global pharmaceutical company, for over eight years, holding various U.S. and international leadership positions, including Staff Vice President and Associate General Counsel. She currently chairs the board of directors of Sellas Life Sciences (NASDAQ: SLS) and is a member of the board of directors of Rigel Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: RIGL). Additionally, Ms. Wasman has been a member of the board of directors and a member of the executive committee of the New York Biotechnology Association since 2007. She is co-founder of the NY Hub of BioDirector, an organization supporting board effectiveness and diversity. Ms. Wasman earned a J.D. from Harvard Law School and her undergraduate degree from Princeton University.

Qualifications, Skills and Experience: Ms. Wasman is a strategic leader with almost 25 years in the biopharma industry, with extensive U.S. and international experience. Her knowledge and expertise in M&A, strategic development, corporate governance, international, litigation, commercial, compliance and government affairs and operational implementation make her an important addition to our Board. Furthermore, we believe that Ms. Wasman, as a woman, enhances gender diversity of the Board and that having a more diverse Board leads to greater innovation, unique thinking and better governance.

Jack Wyszomierski, MS

Age: 66

Independent

DIRECTOR SINCE:

2010

BOARD COMMITTEES:

Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee (Chair); Audit Committee; Compensation Committee

KEY SKILLS:

Healthcare & Pharma, Business Leadership & Operations; Financing & Accounting

Mr. Wyszomierski has served as a Director since June 2010. From 2004 until June 2009, Mr. Wyszomierski served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of VWR International, LLC, a supplier and distributor of laboratory supplies, equipment and supply chain solutions to the global research laboratory industry. From 1982 to 2004, Mr. Wyszomierski held positions of increasing responsibility at Schering-Plough Corporation, culminating with his appointment as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 1996. Mr. Wyszomierski currently serves on the board of directors of SiteOne Landscape Supply, Inc. (NYSE: SITE) since 2016, Xoma Corporation (NASDAQ: XOMA) since 2010 and Exelixis, Inc. (NASDAQ: EXEL) since 2004. Mr. Wyszomierski was also a member of the board of directors at Unigene Laboratories, Inc. (OTC: UGNE). Mr. Wyszomierski holds a M.S. in Industrial Administration and a B.S. in Administration, Management Science and Economics from Carnegie Mellon University.

Qualifications, Skills and Experience: We believe Mr. Wyszomierski’s years of experience as a Chief Financial Officer in the healthcare, life sciences and pharmaceutical industries and service as a director of multiple other public companies, well-qualifies him as a Director and a member of the Company’s Audit Committee.

The Board unanimously recommends that stockholders vote FOR the election of each of the five Director nominees named in this proxy statement.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND ITS COMMITTEES

Director Independence

The Board reviews the independence of each Director at least annually. During these reviews, the Board will consider transactions and relationships between each Director (and his or her immediate family and affiliates) and the Company and our management to determine whether any such transactions or relationships are inconsistent with a determination that the Director was independent. The Board conducted its annual review of Director independence to determine if any transactions or relationships exist that would disqualify any of the individuals who serve as a Director under the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market, or NASDAQ, or require disclosure under Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, rules. Based upon the foregoing review, the Board determined that the following individuals who served as Directors during fiscal year 2021 were independent under the rules of NASDAQ: Ms. Kalin, Dr. Kola, Mr. Randall, Mr. Shah, Ms. Wasman and Mr. Wyszomierski. Mr. Camardo, who is our Chief Executive Officer, is not considered independent under the independence rules of NASDAQ. Mr. Traub is the Managing Member of Delta Value Advisors LLC, which currently provides consulting services to Healios. Mr. Traub is the Healios nominee under the terms of the Investor Rights Agreement. At this time, the Board has determined that Mr. Traub is not an independent Director under NASDAQ rules due to his consulting relationship with Healios.

Our Board’s tenure, diversity and independence provide a balance of new perspectives, innovation and Company-specific knowledge needed to function effectively. Currently, Directors having a tenure of less than 5 years represent 60% of the members of the Board. Our Board is currently 20% diverse by ethnicity and 20% diverse by gender, and 60% of our current Directors are independent.

The Board held seventeen meetings during fiscal year 2021. All of the Directors attended at least 75% of the total meetings held by the Board and by all committees on which they served during fiscal year 2021.

Attendance at Annual Meeting

Although the Company does not have a policy with respect to attendance by the Directors at the Annual Meeting, Directors are encouraged to attend. The Company held an annual meeting of stockholders last year, which was attended by all then-current Directors.

Committees

The Board has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee. All members of these committees are independent directors. The Board has adopted a written charter for each of these committees. From time to time, the Board also conducts business through other duly appointed committees, such as the Pricing Committee. The charters for the three standing committees, as well as our Directors’ Code of Conduct and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Employees and Officers, are posted and available under the Investor

page on our website at www.athersys.com. Stockholders may request copies of these corporate governance documents, free of charge, by writing to Athersys, Inc., 3201 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

BOARD COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Director

Title

Age

Director Since

Audit

Compensation

Nominations, Governance & Compliance

Daniel Camardo, MBA

CEO/Director

February 2022

Ismail Kola, PhD

Chairman/Independent Director

October 2010

Kenneth Traub, MBA

Director

February 2021

Jane Wasman, JD

Independent Director

November 2020

Jack Wyszomierski, MS

Independent Director

June 2010

Chairperson

AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Company and the audits of the financial statements of the Company. The Audit Committee is also directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the Company’s independent auditors, including the resolution of any disagreements between management and the auditors regarding financial reporting. The Audit Committee oversees policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management regarding the Company’s financial and accounting systems and accounting policies, including related regulatory compliance, information security and technology (including cybersecurity). Additionally, the Audit Committee approves all related-party transactions that are required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K. The current members of the Audit Committee are Dr. Kola, Ms. Wasman and Mr. Wyszomierski. Ms. Kalin, Mr. Randall and Mr. Shah previously served on the Audit Committee until they resigned from the Board. The Board has determined that Mr. Wyszomierski is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K. The Audit Committee held five meetings during fiscal year 2021.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things, annually reviewing and approving, or recommending to the Board for approval, the salaries and other compensation, including stock incentives, of our executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee is also responsible for reviewing and recommending to the Board, with guidance from independent compensation consultants, as appropriate, the compensation of our non-employee Directors, engaging and determining the fees of compensation consultants, if any, and overseeing regulatory compliance with respect to compensation matters. The Compensation Committee reviews, or recommends to the Board for approval, corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the executive officers and evaluates the performance of the executive officers in light of those corporate goals and objectives. The Compensation Committee also considers the duties and responsibilities of the executive officers and approves, or recommends to the Board for approval, the compensation levels for those executive officers based on those evaluations and any other factors as it deems appropriate. In determining or recommending, as applicable, incentive compensation, the Compensation Committee also considers the Company’s performance and relative stockholder return, the value of similar awards to executive officers of comparable companies, and the awards given to the Company’s executive officers in past years. The Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, delegate all or a portion of its duties and responsibilities to a subcommittee of the Compensation Committee. For more information regarding the role of our Chief Executive Officer and compensation consultants in determining or recommending executive and director compensation, please see “Executive Compensation – Role of the Chief Executive Officer” and “Role of the Independent Compensation Consultant” below. The current members of the Compensation Committee are Dr. Kola, Ms. Wasman and Mr. Wyszomierski. Ms. Kalin and Mr. Randall previously served on the Compensation Committee until they resigned from the Board. The Compensation Committee held twelve meetings during fiscal year 2021.

NOMINATIONS, GOVERNANCE AND COMPLIANCE COMMITTEE

The current members of the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee are Dr. Kola, Ms. Wasman and Mr. Wyszomierski. Mr. Shah previously served on the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee until he resigned from the Board. The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee held six meetings during fiscal year 2021. The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee is responsible for, among other things, evaluating and recommending to the Board qualified nominees for election as Directors and qualified Directors for committee membership, as developing and recommending to the Board corporate governance principles applicable to the Company and overseeing the evaluation of the Board and management.

The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee identifies individuals qualified to become members of the Board and recommends candidates to the Board to fill new or vacant positions. Except as may be required by rules promulgated by NASDAQ or the SEC, there are currently no specific, minimum qualifications that must be met by each candidate for the Board, nor are there specific qualities or skills that are necessary for one

or more of the members of the Board to possess. In recommending candidates, the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee considers such factors as it deems appropriate, consistent with criteria approved by the Board. These factors may include judgment, skill, diversity, integrity, experience with businesses and other organizations of comparable size, experience in corporate governance, experience in business and human resource management, the interplay of the candidate’s experience with the experience of other members of the Board and the extent to which the candidate would be a desirable addition to the Board and any committees of the Board. The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee considers the breadth and diversity of experience brought by the various nominees for Director in functional areas including pharmaceutical, capital markets, biotechnology, commercialization, clinical and finance. The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee recommends candidates to the Board based on these factors and also considers possible conflicts of interest when making its recommendations to the Board.

The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee will give appropriate consideration to qualified persons recommended by stockholders for nomination as our Directors, provided that the stockholder delivers written notice to the Secretary of the Company, which contains the following information:

•the name and address of the stockholder and each Director nominee;

•a representation that the stockholder is entitled to vote and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting;

•a description of any and all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee;

•such other information regarding the nominee that would have been required to be included by the SEC in a proxy statement had the nominee been named in a proxy statement;

•a brief description of the nominee’s qualifications to be a Director; and

•the written consent of the nominee to serve as a Director if so elected.

The Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee evaluates candidates proposed by stockholders, if any, using the same criteria as for other candidates not nominated by stockholders.

Additionally, the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee oversees environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, matters significant to the Company. In 2021, the Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee also added compliance responsibilities to its charter, and it now oversees legal and regulatory requirements related to compliance matters, including product safety and quality, and the development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution and sale of the Company’s products, as well as other related Company matters, excluding matters regarding financial compliance, which are subject to the oversight of the Audit Committee.

THE BOARD’S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT

The Board oversees the risk management of the Company. The full Board of Directors, as supplemented by the appropriate Board committee in the case of risks that are overseen by a particular committee, reviews information provided by management for the Board to

oversee its risk identification, risk management and risk mitigation strategies. The Board committees assist the full Board’s oversight of our material risks by focusing on risks related to the particular area of concentration of the relevant committee. For example, our Compensation Committee oversees risks related to our executive compensation plans and arrangements, and our Audit Committee oversees the financial reporting and control risks. Our Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee oversees risks associated with the independence of the Board and potential conflicts of interest and oversight of management’s identification of non-financial risks relating to the Company and compliance. Each committee reports on these discussions of the applicable relevant risks to the full Board during the committee reports portion of each Board meeting, as appropriate. The full Board incorporates the insight provided by these reports into its overall risk management analysis. We believe that the Board leadership structure complements our risk management structure because it allows our independent directors, through independent committees, to exercise effective oversight of the actions of management in identifying risks and implementing effective risk management policies and controls.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS

We give careful attention to related person transactions because they may present the potential for conflicts of interest. We refer to “related person transactions” as those transactions, arrangements, or relationships in which:

•we were, are or are to be a participant;

•the amount involved exceeds $120,000; and

•any of our Directors, executive officers, nominees for Director or greater-than five percent stockholders (or any of their immediate family members) had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

To identify related person transactions in advance, we rely on information supplied by our executive officers, Directors and certain significant stockholders. We maintain a comprehensive written policy for the review, approval or ratification of related person transactions, and our Audit Committee reviews all related person transactions identified by us. The Audit Committee approves or ratifies only those related person transactions that are determined by it to be, under all of the circumstances, in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. Other than our arrangement with Healios as described below, no related person transactions occurred in fiscal year 2021 that required a review by the Audit Committee.

Since 2016, we have had a collaboration with Healios to develop and commercialize MultiStem for the treatment of certain indications in Japan pursuant to the terms of a license agreement. In 2018, the collaboration was significantly expanded to include, among other things, an exclusive license to our technology for the development and commercialization of additional indications, for which we received additional license fees.

On February 16, 2021, we, Healios and Dr. Kagimoto entered into the Cooperation Agreement. The Cooperation Agreement provided for the parties’ cooperation on certain commercial matters, including a commitment to work in good faith to finalize negotiations on all aspects of their supply, manufacturing, information provision and regulatory support

relationship. The Cooperation Agreement also provided for, among related matters, the dismissal with prejudice of the complaint filed by Dr. Kagimoto against us seeking the inspection of our books and records in the Court of Chancery of Delaware on November 21, 2020, or the 220 Litigation. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Company reimbursed Healios and Dr. Kagimoto for reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including legal expenses, incurred in connection with the Section 220 Litigation, which were not to exceed $500,000 in the aggregate, and $500,000 was paid in April 2021.

In August 2021, we entered into a Comprehensive Framework Agreement for Commercial Manufacturing and Ongoing Support, or the Framework Agreement, with Healios, which better aligns the collaboration structure for potential commercial success in Japan. The Framework Agreement provides Healios, among other things, access to our manufacturing technology to enable Healios to manufacture MultiStem products using a qualified manufacturer, clarifies our role in providing support services to Healios necessary for regulatory approval, manufacturing readiness and commercial launch in Japan, provides for the deferral of certain milestones and royalties to enable Healios to invest in certain manufacturing activities, and expands Healios’ license in Japan to include two new unspecified additional indications under certain conditions. To increase alignment between the companies and create incentives for accelerated execution and investment, the agreement provides for up to $8.0 million in new milestone payments available to us that are tied to certain Japanese commercial manufacturing activities and the establishment of large-scale manufacturing relevant to Japan, and warrants issued to Healios to purchase up to a total of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock, which we refer to as the 2021 Warrants. One of the 2021 Warrants is for the purchase of up to 3,000,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.80 per share, subject to specified increases, and generally is only exercisable within 60 days of receipt of either conditional or full marketing approval from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in Japan, or the PMDA, for the intravenous administration of MultiStem to treat patients who are suffering from ARDS. The other 2021 Warrant is for the purchase of up to 7,000,000 shares at an exercise price of $2.40 per share, subject to specified increases, and generally is only exercisable within 60 days of receipt of either conditional or full marketing approval from the PMDA for the intravenous administration of MultiStem to treat patients who are suffering from ischemic stroke. The 2021 Warrants may be terminated by us under certain conditions and have an exercise cap triggered at Healios’ ownership of 19.9% of our Common Stock.

In 2021, we received payments from Healios of approximately $4.0 million, primarily related to services performed under the Framework Agreement.

COMMUNICATIONS WITH DIRECTORS

Information regarding how our stockholders and other interested parties may communicate with the Board of Directors as a group, with the non-management Directors as a group, or with any individual Director is included on the Contact Us page under “Our Company” on our website at www.athersys.com.

PROPOSAL TWO

RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP AS INDEPENDENT AUDITORS FOR

THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2022

The Audit Committee of the Board has appointed Ernst & Young LLP as the independent auditors of the Company to examine the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. During fiscal year 2021, Ernst & Young LLP examined the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, including those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Although stockholder approval of this appointment is not required by law or binding on the Audit Committee, the Board believes that stockholders should be given the opportunity to express their views on this matter. If the stockholders do not ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent auditors, the Audit Committee will consider this vote in determining whether or not to continue the engagement of Ernst & Young LLP.

It is expected that representatives of Ernst & Young LLP will attend the Annual Meeting, with the opportunity to make a statement if so desired and will be available to answer appropriate questions.

REQUIRED VOTE

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast for or against, in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, is necessary for the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Under the Company’s bylaws, abstentions will have no effect on this proposal. As this proposal is considered to be a routine matter, we do not expect broker non-votes on this proposal. As an advisory vote, the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 is not binding on the Company.

The Board unanimously recommends that stockholders vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022.

AUDIT COMMITTEE PRE-APPROVAL POLICY AND PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The Audit Committee has adopted a formal policy on auditor independence requiring the pre-approval by the Audit Committee of all professional services rendered by the Company’s independent auditor prior to the commencement of the specified services. Additionally, the Audit Committee is directly involved in the selection of Ernst & Young LLP’s lead engagement partner, which occurs every five years. The year ended December 31, 2020 was the final year for the lead engagement partner and a new lead engagement partner began in 2021.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, 100% of the services described below were pre-approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with the Company’s formal policy on auditor independence.

Audit Fees. Fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP for the audit of the annual consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, for the reviews of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Forms 10-Q and for services related to registration statements were $661,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and $904,500 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Audit-Related Fees. There were no fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP for audit-related services in 2021 or 2020.

Tax Fees. Fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP associated with tax compliance and tax consultation were $72,000 and $41,000 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

All Other Fees. There were no other fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP in 2021 or 2020.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

The Audit Committee of the Board is composed of at least three Directors who are independent and operates under a written Audit Committee charter adopted and approved by the Board. The Audit Committee annually selects the Company’s independent auditors. The written charter of the Audit Committee is posted and available under the Investor page under “Corporate Governance” on our website at www.athersys.com.

Management is responsible for the Company’s internal controls and financial reporting process. Ernst & Young LLP, the Company’s independent auditor, is responsible for performing an independent audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and issuing a report thereon. The Audit Committee’s responsibility is to provide oversight to these processes.

In fulfilling its oversight responsibility, the Audit Committee relies on the accuracy of financial and other information, opinions, reports and statements provided to the Audit Committee. Accordingly, the Audit Committee’s oversight does not provide an independent basis to determine that management has maintained appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles, or appropriate internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. Nor does the Audit Committee’s oversight assure that the audit of the Company’s financial statements has been carried out in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards or the audited financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with the Company’s management and Ernst & Young LLP the audited financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Audit Committee has also discussed with Ernst & Young LLP the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the SEC.

The Audit Committee has also received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from Ernst & Young LLP required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding Ernst & Young LLP’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence and has discussed with Ernst & Young LLP such independent auditors’ independence. The Audit Committee has also considered whether Ernst & Young LLP’s provision of services to the Company beyond those rendered in connection with their audit and review of the Company’s financial statements is compatible with maintaining their independence.

Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Audit Committee
Board of Directors

Lorin J. Randall
Katherine Kalin
Baiju R. Shah
Jack L. Wyszomierski

PROPOSAL THREE

APPROVAL OF THE AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF THE ATHERSYS, INC. 2019 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN

GENERAL

On April 21, 2022, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee, the Board approved and adopted, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders at the Annual Meeting, the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan. In this proposal, we refer to the original Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan as the “2019 Plan,” and we refer to the amended and restated Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan as the “Amended 2019 Plan.”

The Company’s stockholders previously approved the 2019 Plan, which affords the Compensation Committee the ability to design compensatory awards that are responsive to the Company’s needs and includes authorization for a variety of awards designed to advance the interests and long-term success of the Company by encouraging stock ownership among officers and other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, certain consultants and other service providers to the Company and its subsidiaries, and non-employee directors of the Company. You are being asked to approve the Amended 2019 Plan.

Stockholder approval of the Amended 2019 Plan would primarily make available for awards under the Amended 2019 Plan an additional 21,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”), as described below and in the Amended 2019 Plan, with such amount subject to adjustment, including under the share counting rules.

The Board recommends that you vote to approve the Amended 2019 Plan. If the Amended 2019 Plan is approved by stockholders at the Annual Meeting, it will be effective as of the day of the Annual Meeting, and future grants will be made on or after such date under the Amended 2019 Plan. If the Amended 2019 Plan is not approved by our stockholders, then it will not become effective, no awards will be granted under the Amended 2019 Plan, and the 2019 Plan will continue in accordance with its terms as previously approved by our stockholders. The Company has also granted certain awards as “inducement” awards outside of its stockholder-approved plans pursuant to The Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rules (“Inducement Awards”), as further described below.

The actual text of the Amended 2019 Plan is attached to this proxy statement as Appendix A. The following description of the Amended 2019 Plan is only a summary of its principal terms and provisions and is qualified by reference to the actual text as set forth in Appendix A.

WHY WE BELIEVE YOU SHOULD VOTE FOR THIS PROPOSAL

The Amended 2019 Plan continues to authorize the Compensation Committee to provide cash awards and equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance shares, performance units, dividend equivalents, and certain other awards, including those denominated or payable in, or otherwise based on, Common Stock, for the purpose of providing our non-employee directors and officers and other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, and certain consultants and other service providers of the Company and its subsidiaries, incentives and rewards for service and/or performance. Some of the key features of the Amended 2019 Plan that reflect our commitment to effective management of equity and incentive compensation are set forth below.

We believe our future success continues to depend in part on our ability to attract, motivate and retain high quality employees and directors and that the ability to provide equity-based and incentive-based awards under the Amended 2019 Plan is critical to achieving this success. We would be at a severe competitive disadvantage if we could not use stock-based awards to recruit and compensate our employees and directors. The use of Common Stock as part of our compensation program is also important because equity-based awards continue to be an essential component of our compensation program for key employees, as they help link compensation with long-term stockholder value creation and reward participants based on service and/or performance.

In 2019, Company stockholders approved 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock to be used for awards under the 2019 Plan. As of April 1, 2022, 3,640,308 shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. If the Amended 2019 Plan is not approved, we may be compelled to increase significantly the cash component of our employee and director compensation, which approach may not necessarily align employee and director compensation interests with the investment interests of our stockholders. Replacing equity awards with cash also would increase cash compensation expense and use cash that could be better utilized.

The following includes aggregated information regarding our view of the overhang and dilution associated with the predecessor Athersys, Inc. Amended and Restated 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan, including as amended or amended and restated (the “2007 Plan”) and the 2019 Plan, and the potential dilution associated with the Amended 2019 Plan. This information is as of April 1, 2022. In addition, as of April 1, 2022, 11,000,000 shares were subject to outstanding Inducement Awards, including 10,000,000 shares subject to a non-qualified stock option Inducement Award granted to Mr. Camardo as of February 14, 2022. As of that date, there were approximately 249,792,791 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO OUTSTANDING AWARDS AND AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE AWARDS:

•Total shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding awards (stock options and RSUs, inclusive of outstanding Inducement Awards): 34,343,351 shares (approximately 13.8% of our outstanding Common Stock); and

•Total shares of Common Stock available for future awards under the 2019 Plan: 3,640,308 shares (approximately 1.5% of our outstanding Common Stock) (no

further grants may be made under the 2007 Plan after the effectiveness of the 2019 Plan).

PROPOSED COMMON STOCK AVAILABLE FOR AWARDS UNDER THE AMENDED 2019 PLAN:

•21,000,000 additional shares of Common Stock (approximately 8.4% of our outstanding Common Stock, which percentage reflects the simple dilution of our stockholders that would occur if the Amended 2019 Plan is approved), subject to adjustment, including under the share counting rules of the Amended 2019 Plan.

The total shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding awards as described above as of April 1, 2022 (34,343,351 shares), plus the shares of Common Stock available for future awards under the 2019 Plan (3,640,308 shares), plus the proposed additional shares of Common Stock available for future awards under the Amended 2019 Plan (21,000,000 shares), represent a total overhang of 58,983,659 shares (inclusive of outstanding inducement awards) (23.6%) on a fully-diluted basis regarding the Amended 2019 Plan.

Based on the closing price on The Nasdaq Capital Market for our Common Stock on June 9, 2022 of $0.37 per share, the aggregate market value as of June 9, 2022 of the additional 21,000,000 shares of Common Stock requested under the Amended 2019 Plan was $7,770,000.

In fiscal years 2019, 2020, and 2021, we granted Inducement Awards plus awards (stock options and RSUs) under the 2007 Plan and the 2019 Plan covering 4,752,758 shares, 6,766,839 shares and 7,494,603 shares, respectively. Based on our basic weighted average Common Stock outstanding for those three fiscal years of 151,696,447, 187,471,996 and 224,274,108, respectively, for the three-fiscal-year period 2019-2021, our average burn rate, not taking into account forfeitures, was 3.2% (our individual years’ burn rates were 3.1% for fiscal 2019, 3.6% for fiscal 2020 and 3.3% for fiscal year 2021).

In determining the number of shares to request for approval under the Amended 2019 Plan, our management team worked with the Compensation Committee to evaluate a number of factors, including our recent share usage and criteria expected to be utilized by institutional proxy advisory firms in evaluating our proposal for the Amended 2019 Plan.

If the Amended 2019 Plan is approved, we intend to utilize the shares authorized under the Amended 2019 Plan to continue our practice of incentivizing key individuals through equity grants. We currently anticipate that the new shares requested in connection with the approval of the Amended 2019 Plan will last for about two years, based on our historic grant rates, new hiring and the approximate current share price, but could last for a different period of time if actual practice does not match recent rates or our share price changes materially. As noted below, our Compensation Committee retains full discretion under the Amended 2019 Plan to determine the number and amount of awards to be granted under the 2019 Plan, subject to the terms of the 2019 Plan. Future benefits that may be received by participants under the Amended 2019 Plan are not determinable at this time.

PLAN DESIGN SUPPORTS SOUND GOVERNANCE PRACTICES

The Amended 2019 Plan includes key provisions or facilitates awards designed to protect stockholder interests and promote sound compensation governance and best practices, including but not limited to the following:

•limited share recycling provisions;

•no repricing stock options without stockholder approval;

•no “evergreen” renewal feature;

•grants to non-employee directors are subject to compensation limitations; and

•no current dividends or dividend equivalents are paid on RSUs.

We believe that we have demonstrated a commitment to sound equity compensation practices in recent years. We recognize that equity compensation awards dilute stockholders’ equity, so we have carefully managed our equity incentive compensation. Our equity compensation practices are intended to be competitive and consistent with market practices, and we believe our historical share usage has been responsible and mindful of stockholder interests, as described above.

In evaluating this proposal, stockholders should consider all of the information in this proposal and this proxy statement.

MATERIAL CHANGES FROM THE 2019 PLAN

The Amended 2019 Plan (1) increases the number of shares of Common Stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan by 21,000,000 shares, (2) correspondingly increases the limit on shares that may be issued or transferred upon the exercise of incentive stock options granted under the 2019 Plan, during its duration (as described below) by 21,000,000 shares, (3) revises the default definition of “change in control” under the 2019 Plan, (4) amends the limit on the amount of compensation a non-employee director may be awarded each year under the 2019 Plan, and (5) extends the term of the 2019 Plan until the tenth anniversary of the date of stockholder approval of the Amended 2019 Plan. The Amended 2019 Plan also makes certain other conforming, clarifying or non-substantive changes to the terms of the 2019 Plan to implement the Amended 2019 Plan.

We are not seeking to make any other material changes to the terms of the 2019 Plan.

OTHER AMENDED 2019 PLAN HIGHLIGHTS

Reasonable Amended 2019 Plan Limits. Generally, awards under the Amended 2019 Plan are limited to 39,463,737 shares of Common Stock (18,463,737 of which were originally approved by stockholders at the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, and 21,000,000 of which are newly provided for under the Amended 2019 Plan), plus the shares that are subject to awards granted under the 2007 Plan or the 2019 Plan that are added (or added back, as applicable) pursuant to the share counting rules in the Amended 2019 Plan. These shares may be shares of original issuance or treasury shares, or a combination of the two.

The Amended 2019 Plan also provides that, subject as applicable to adjustment and the applicable Common Stock counting provisions as described in the Amended 2019 Plan:

•the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock actually issued or transferred upon the exercise of Incentive Stock Options (as defined below) will not exceed 36,000,000 shares of Common Stock; and

•no non-employee director will be granted, in any one calendar year, compensation for such service having an aggregate maximum value (measured at the date of grant and calculating the value of any awards based on the grant date fair value for financial reporting purposes) in excess of $750,000.

Limited Share Recycling Provisions. Subject to certain exceptions described in the Amended 2019 Plan, if any award granted under the 2019 Plan or the Amended 2019 Plan (in whole or in part) is canceled or forfeited, expires, is settled for cash, or is unearned, the Common Stock subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, again be available under the Amended 2019 Plan. Additionally, if after the effective date of the Amended 2019 Plan, any Common Stock subject to an award granted under the 2007 Plan is forfeited, or an award granted under the 2007 Plan (in whole or in part) is cancelled or forfeited, expires, is settled for cash, or is unearned, the Common Stock subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, be available for awards under the Amended 2019 Plan. The following Common Stock will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate share limit under the Amended 2019 Plan: (1) Common Stock withheld by us, tendered or otherwise used in payment of the exercise price of a stock option, and (2) Common Stock reacquired by the Company on the open market or otherwise using cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options. Further, shares of Common Stock subject to share-settled SARs that are not actually issued upon the exercise thereof, will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate number of shares available under the Amended 2019 Plan. In addition, Common Stock withheld by us, tendered or otherwise used to satisfy tax withholding will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate share limit under the Amended 2019 Plan. If a participant elects to give up the right to receive compensation in exchange for Common Stock based on fair market value, such Common Stock will not count against the aggregate number of shares available under the Amended 2019 Plan.

No Repricing Without Stockholder Approval. Outside of certain corporate transactions or adjustment events described in the Amended 2019 Plan or in connection with a “change in control,” the exercise or base price of stock options and SARs cannot be reduced, and “underwater” stock options or SARs cannot be cancelled in exchange for cash or replaced with other awards with a lower exercise or base price, as applicable, without stockholder approval under the Amended 2019 Plan.

Change in Control Definition. The Amended 2019 Plan includes a non-liberal definition of “change in control,” which is described below.

Exercise or Base Price Limitation. The Amended 2019 Plan also provides that, except with respect to certain converted, assumed or substituted awards as described in the

Amended 2019 Plan, no stock options or SARs will be granted with an exercise or base price that is less than the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant.

No Minimum Vesting Periods. The Amended 2019 Plan does not provide for any minimum vesting periods.

SUMMARY OF OTHER MATERIAL TERMS OF THE AMENDED 2019 PLAN

Administration: The Amended 2019 Plan will generally be administered by the Compensation Committee (or its successor), or any other committee of the Board designated by the Board to administer the Amended 2019 Plan. References to the “Committee” in this proposal generally refer to the Compensation Committee or such other committee designated by the Board, or the Board, as applicable. The Committee may from time to time delegate all or any part of its authority under the Amended 2019 Plan to a subcommittee. Any interpretation, construction and determination by the Committee of any provision of the Amended 2019 Plan, or of any agreement, notification or document evidencing the grant of awards under the Amended 2019 Plan, will be final and conclusive. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Committee may delegate to one or more of its members or to one or more officers, or to one or more agents or advisors of the Company, such administrative duties or powers as it deems advisable. In addition, the Committee may by resolution, subject to certain restrictions set forth in the Amended 2019 Plan, authorize one or more officers of the Company to (1) designate employees to be recipients of awards under the Amended 2019 Plan, and (2) determine the size of such awards. However, the Committee may not delegate such responsibilities to officers for awards granted to non-employee directors, certain officers or certain owners who are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Committee resolution providing for such authorization shall set forth the total number of shares of Common Stock that such officer(s) may grant, and such officer(s) will report periodically to the Committee regarding the nature and scope of the awards granted pursuant to the authority delegated. The Committee is authorized to take appropriate action under the Amended 2019 Plan subject to the express limitations contained in the Amended 2019 Plan.

Eligibility: Any person who is selected by the Committee to receive benefits under the Amended 2019 Plan and who is at that time an officer or other employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (including a person who has agreed to commence serving in such capacity within 90 days of the date of grant) is eligible to participate in the Amended 2019 Plan. In addition, certain persons (including consultants) who provide services to the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are equivalent to those typically provided by an employee (provided that such persons satisfy the Form S-8 definition of “employee”), and non-employee directors of the Company, may also be selected by the Committee to participate in the Amended 2019 Plan. As of June 16, 2022, there were approximately 106 employees, four non-employee Directors of the Company and no consultants eligible to participate in the Amended 2019 Plan. The basis for participation in the Amended 2019 Plan by eligible persons is the selection of such persons for participation by the Committee (or its proper delegate) in its discretion.

Shares Available for Awards under the Amended 2019 Plan: Subject to adjustment as described in the Amended 2019 Plan and the Amended 2019 Plan share counting rules, the number of shares of Common Stock available under the Amended 2019 Plan for awards of:

•stock options or SARs;

•restricted stock;

•RSUs;

•performance shares or performance units;

•other stock-based awards under the Amended 2019 Plan; or

•dividend equivalents paid with respect to awards under the Amended 2019 Plan;

will not exceed, in the aggregate, 39,463,737 shares of Common Stock plus any shares of Common Stock that become available under the Amended 2019 Plan as a result of forfeiture, cancellation, expiration, cash settlement or less-than-maximum earning of 2019 Plan or Amended 2019 Plan awards (or, as described, 2007 Plan awards).

Share Counting: Generally, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock available under the Amended 2019 Plan will be reduced by one share of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to an award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan. Additionally, if after the effective date of the Amended 2019 Plan, any Common Stock subject to an award granted under the 2007 Plan is forfeited, or an award granted under the 2007 Plan (in whole or in part) is cancelled or forfeited, expires, is settled for cash, or is unearned, the Common Stock subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, be available for awards under the Amended 2019 Plan.

Types of Awards Under the 2019 Plan: Pursuant to the Amended 2019 Plan, the Company may grant cash awards and stock options (including stock options intended to be “incentive stock options” as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) (“Incentive Stock Options”)), SARs, restricted stock, RSUs, performance shares, performance units, and certain other awards based on or related to our Common Stock.

Generally, each grant of an award under the Amended 2019 Plan will be evidenced by an award agreement, certificate, resolution or other type or form of writing or other evidence approved by the Committee (an “Evidence of Award”), which will contain such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine, consistent with the Amended 2019 Plan. A brief description of the types of awards which may be granted under the Amended 2019 Plan is set forth below.

Stock Options: A stock option is a right to purchase Common Stock upon exercise of the stock option. Stock options granted to an employee under the Amended 2019 Plan may consist of either an Incentive Stock Option, a non-qualified stock option that is not intended to be an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code, or a combination of both. Incentive Stock Options may only be granted to employees of the Company or certain of our related corporations. Except with respect to awards issued in substitution for, in conversion of, or in connection with an assumption of stock options held by awardees of an entity

engaging in a corporate acquisition or merger with us or any of our subsidiaries, stock options must have an exercise price per share that is not less than the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant. The term of a stock option may not extend more than 10 years from the date of grant. The Committee may provide in an Evidence of Award for the automatic exercise of a stock option.

Each grant of a stock option will specify the applicable terms of the stock option, including the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the stock option and the required period or periods of the participant’s continuous service, if any, before any stock option or portion of a stock option will vest. Stock options may provide for continued vesting or the earlier vesting of the stock options, including in the event of retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control.

Any grant of stock options may specify management objectives regarding the vesting of the stock options. Each grant will specify whether the consideration to be paid in satisfaction of the exercise price will be payable: (1) in cash, by check acceptable to the Company, or by wire transfer of immediately available funds; (2) by the actual or constructive transfer to the Company of Common Stock owned by the participant with a value at the time of exercise that is equal to the total exercise price; (3) subject to any conditions or limitations established by the Committee, by a net exercise arrangement pursuant to which the Company will withhold Common Stock otherwise issuable upon exercise of a stock option; (4) by a combination of the foregoing methods; or (5) by such other methods as may be approved by the Committee. To the extent permitted by law, any grant may provide for deferred payment of the exercise price from the proceeds of a sale through a bank or broker of some or all of the shares to which the exercise relates. Stock options granted under the Amended 2019 Plan may not provide for dividends or dividend equivalents.

SARs: The Committee may, from time to time and upon such terms and conditions as it may determine, authorize the granting of SARs. A SAR is a right to receive from us an amount equal to 100%, or such lesser percentage as the Committee may determine, of the spread between the base price and the value of a share of our Common Stock on the date of exercise.

Each grant of SARs will specify the period or periods of continuous service, if any, by the participant with the Company or any subsidiary that is necessary before the SARs or installments of such SARs will vest. SARs may provide for continued vesting or earlier vesting, including in the case of retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control. Any grant of SARs may specify management objectives regarding the vesting of such SARs. A SAR may be paid in cash, Common Stock or any combination of the two.

Except with respect to awards issued in substitution for, in conversion of, or in connection with an assumption of SARs held by awardees of an entity engaging in a corporate acquisition or merger with us or any of our subsidiaries, the base price of a SAR may not be less than the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant. The term of a SAR may not extend more than 10 years from the date of grant. The

Committee may provide in an Evidence of Award for the automatic exercise of a SAR. SARs granted under the Amended 2019 Plan may not provide for dividends or dividend equivalents.

Restricted Stock: Restricted stock constitutes an immediate transfer of the ownership of Common Stock to the participant in consideration of the performance of services, entitling such participant to voting and other ownership rights (subject in particular to certain dividend provisions in the Amended 2019 Plan), subject to the substantial risk of forfeiture and restrictions on transfer determined by the Committee for a period of time determined by the Committee or until certain management objectives specified by the Committee are achieved. Each such grant or sale of restricted stock may be made without additional consideration or in consideration of a payment by the participant that is less than the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the date of grant.

Any grant of restricted stock may specify management objectives regarding the vesting of the restricted stock. Any grant of restricted stock may require that any and all dividends or distributions paid on restricted stock that remains subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture be automatically deferred and/or reinvested in additional restricted stock, which will be subject to the same restrictions as the underlying restricted stock, but any such dividends or other distributions on restricted stock must be deferred until, and paid contingent upon, the vesting of such restricted stock. Restricted stock may provide for continued vesting or the earlier vesting of such restricted stock, including in the event of retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control. Each grant of restricted stock will be evidenced by an Evidence of Award. Each Evidence of Award will be subject to the Amended 2019 Plan and will contain such terms and provisions, consistent with the Amended 2019 Plan, as the Committee may approve.

RSUs: RSUs awarded under the Amended 2019 Plan constitute an agreement by the Company to deliver Common Stock, cash, or a combination of the two, to the participant in the future in consideration of the performance of services, but subject to the fulfillment of such conditions (which may include achievement regarding management objectives) during the restriction period as the Committee may specify. Each grant or sale of RSUs may be made without additional consideration or in consideration of a payment by the participant that is less than the fair market value of a share of our Common Stock on the date of grant.

RSUs may provide for continued vesting or the earlier lapse or other modification of the restriction period, including in the event of retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control. During the restriction period applicable to RSUs, the participant will have no right to transfer any rights under the award and will have no rights of ownership in the Common Stock deliverable upon payment of the RSUs and no right to vote them. Rights to dividend equivalents may be extended to and made part of any RSU award at the discretion of and on the terms determined by the Committee, on a deferred and contingent basis, based upon the vesting of such RSUs. Each grant or sale of RSUs will specify the time and manner of payment of the RSUs that have been earned. A RSU may be paid in cash, Common Stock or any combination of the two.

Performance Shares, Performance Units and Cash Incentive Awards: Performance shares, performance units and cash incentive awards may also be granted to participants under the Amended 2019 Plan. A performance share is a bookkeeping entry that records the equivalent of one share of Common Stock, and a performance unit is a bookkeeping entry that records a unit equivalent to $1.00 or such other value as determined by the Committee. Each grant will specify the number or amount of performance shares or performance units, or the amount payable with respect to a cash incentive award being awarded, which number or amount may be subject to adjustment to reflect changes in compensation or other factors.

Each grant of a cash incentive award, performance shares or performance units will specify management objectives regarding the earning of the award. Each grant will specify the time and manner of payment of performance shares, performance units or a cash incentive award that have been earned.

Any grant of performance shares or performance units may provide for the payment of dividend equivalents in cash or in additional Common Stock, which dividend equivalents will be subject to deferral and payment on a contingent basis based on the participant’s earning and vesting of the performance shares or performance units, as applicable, with respect to which such dividend equivalents are paid.

The performance period with respect to each grant of performance shares or performance units or cash incentive award will be a period of time determined by the Committee and within which the management objectives relating to such award are to be achieved. The performance period may be subject to continued vesting or earlier lapse or modification, including in the event of retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control.

Non-Employee Directors: If a non-employee director subsequently becomes an employee of the Company or a specified subsidiary while remaining a member of the Board, any award held under the Amended 2019 Plan by such individual at the time of such commencement of employment will not be affected thereby. Non-employee directors may be awarded, or may be permitted to elect to receive, pursuant to procedures established by the Committee, all or any portion of their annual retainer, meeting fees or other fees in Common Stock, restricted stock, RSUs or other awards under the Amended 2019 Plan in lieu of cash.

Other Awards: Subject to applicable law and applicable share limits under the Amended 2019 Plan, the Committee may authorize the grant to any participant of shares of Common Stock or such other awards (“Other Awards”) that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Common Stock or factors that may influence the value of such Common Stock, including, without limitation, convertible or exchangeable debt securities, other rights convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock, purchase rights for Common Stock, awards with value and payment contingent upon performance of the Company or specified subsidiaries, affiliates or other business units or any other factors designated by the Committee, and awards valued by reference to the book value of the Common Stock or the value of securities of, or the performance of the subsidiaries, affiliates or other business units of the

Company. The Committee will determine the terms and conditions of any such awards. Common Stock delivered under such an award in the nature of a purchase right granted under the Amended 2019 Plan will be purchased for such consideration, paid for at such time, by such methods, and in such forms, including, without limitation, Common Stock, other awards, notes or other property, as the Committee determines.

In addition, the Committee may grant cash awards as an element of or supplement to any other awards granted under the Amended 2019 Plan. The Committee may also authorize the grant of Common Stock as a bonus, or may authorize the grant of Other Awards in lieu of obligations of the Company or a subsidiary to pay cash or deliver other property under the Amended 2019 Plan or under other plans or compensatory arrangements, subject to terms determined by the Committee in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Code.

Other Awards may provide for the earning or vesting of, or earlier elimination of restrictions applicable to, such award, including in the event of the retirement, death, disability or termination of employment or service of the participant or in the event of a change in control. The Committee may provide for the payment of dividends or dividend equivalents on Other Awards on a deferred and contingent basis, in cash or in additional Common Stock, based upon the earning and vesting of such awards.

Change in Control: The Amended 2019 Plan includes a definition of “change in control.” In general, except as may be otherwise prescribed by the Committee in an Evidence of Award, a change in control shall be deemed to have occurred upon the occurrence of any of the following events (subject to certain exceptions and limitations and as further described in the Amended 2019 Plan): (1) any individual, entity or group is or becomes the beneficial owner of more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the Company (subject to certain exceptions); (2) a consummation of a reorganization, merger or consolidation, or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the acquisition of the stock or assets of another corporation or other transaction, as described in the Amended 2019 Plan (subject to certain exceptions); or (3) approval by the stockholders of the Company of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company (subject to certain exceptions).

Management Objectives: The Amended 2019 Plan generally provides that any of the awards set forth above may be granted subject to the achievement of specified management objectives. Management objectives are defined as the measurable performance objective or objectives established pursuant to the Amended 2019 Plan for participants who have received grants of performance shares, performance units or cash incentive awards or, when so determined by the Committee, stock options, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs, dividend equivalents or Other Awards.

Additionally, if the Committee determines that a change in the business, operations, corporate structure or capital structure of the Company, or the manner in which it conducts its business, or other events or circumstances render the management objectives unsuitable, the Committee may in its discretion modify such management objectives or the goals or actual levels of achievement regarding the management objectives, in whole or in part, as the Committee deems appropriate and equitable.

Transferability of Awards: Except as otherwise provided by the Committee, and subject to the terms of the Amended 2019 Plan with respect to Section 409A of the Code, no stock option, SAR, restricted stock, RSU, performance share, performance unit, cash incentive award, Other Award or dividend equivalents paid with respect to awards made under the Amended 2019 Plan will be transferrable by a participant except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. In no event will any such award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan be transferred for value. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, stock options and SARs will be exercisable during the participant’s lifetime only by him or her or, in the event of the participant’s legal incapacity to do so, by his or her guardian or legal representative acting on behalf of the participant in a fiduciary capacity under state law or court supervision.

The Committee may specify on the grant date that all or part of the Common Stock that is subject to awards under the Amended 2019 Plan will be subject to further restrictions on transfer.

Adjustments: The Committee will make or provide for such adjustments in: (1) the number of and kind of shares of Common Stock covered by outstanding stock options, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs, performance shares and performance units granted under the Amended 2019 Plan; (2) if applicable, the number of and kind of shares of Common Stock covered by Other Awards granted pursuant to the Amended 2019 Plan; (3) the exercise price or base price provided in outstanding stock options and SARs, respectively; (4) cash incentive awards; and (5) other award terms, as the Committee in its sole discretion, exercised in good faith determines to be equitably required in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants that otherwise would result from (a) any extraordinary cash dividend, stock dividend, stock split, combination of shares, recapitalization or other change in the capital structure of the Company; (b) any merger, consolidation, spin-off, spin-out, split-off, split-up, reorganization, partial or complete liquidation or other distribution of assets, issuance of rights or warrants to purchase securities; or (c) any other corporate transaction or event having an effect similar to any of the foregoing.

In the event of any such transaction or event, or in the event of a change in control of the Company, the Committee may provide in substitution for any or all outstanding awards under the Amended 2019 Plan such alternative consideration (including cash), if any, as it may in good faith determine to be equitable under the circumstances and will require in connection therewith the surrender of all awards so replaced in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Code. In addition, for each stock option or SAR with an exercise price or base price, respectively, greater than the consideration offered in connection with any such transaction or event or change in control of the Company, the Committee may in its discretion elect to cancel such stock option or SAR without any payment to the person holding such stock option or SAR. The Committee will make or provide for such adjustments to the numbers of shares of Common Stock available under the Amended 2019 Plan and the limits of the Amended 2019 Plan as the Committee in its sole discretion may in good faith determine to be appropriate to reflect such transaction or event. However, any adjustment to the limit on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon exercise of Incentive Stock Options will be made only if and to the

extent such adjustment would not cause any stock option intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option to fail to so qualify.

Prohibition on Repricing: Except in connection with certain corporate transactions or changes in the capital structure of the Company or in connection with a change in control, the terms of outstanding awards may not be amended to (1) reduce the exercise price or base price of outstanding stock options or SARs, respectively, or (2) cancel outstanding “underwater” stock options or SARs (including following a participant’s voluntary surrender of “underwater” stock options or SARs) in exchange for cash, other awards or stock options or SARs with an exercise price or base price, as applicable, that is less than the exercise price or base price of the original stock options or SARs, as applicable, without stockholder approval. The Amended 2019 Plan specifically provides that this provision is intended to prohibit the repricing of “underwater” stock options and SARs and that it may not be amended without approval by our stockholders.

Detrimental Activity and Recapture: Any Evidence of Award may reference a clawback policy of the Company or provide for the cancellation or forfeiture of an award or forfeiture and repayment to us of any gain related to an award, or other provisions intended to have a similar effect, upon such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Committee from time to time, if any participant, either during employment or other service with us or a subsidiary or within a specified period after such employment or service, engages in any detrimental activity, as described in the applicable Evidence of Award or such clawback policy. In addition, any Evidence of Award or such clawback policy may provide for cancellation or forfeiture of an award or the forfeiture and repayment of any Common Stock issued under and/or any other benefit related to an award, or other provisions intended to have a similar effect, including upon such terms and conditions as may be required by the Committee or under Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any national securities exchange or national securities association on which the Common Stock may be traded.

Grants to Non-U.S. Based Participants: In order to facilitate the making of any grant or combination of grants under the Amended 2019 Plan, the Committee may provide for such special terms for awards to participants who are foreign nationals, who are employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries outside of the United States of America or who provide services to the Company or any of its subsidiaries under an agreement with a foreign nation or agency, as the Committee may consider necessary or appropriate to accommodate differences in local law, tax policy or custom. The Committee may approve such supplements to, or amendments, restatements or alternative versions of, the Amended 2019 Plan (including sub-plans) (to be considered part of the Amended 2019 Plan) as it may consider necessary or appropriate for such purposes, provided that no such special terms, supplements, amendments or restatements will include any provisions that are inconsistent with the terms of the Amended 2019 Plan as then in effect unless the Amended 2019 Plan could have been amended to eliminate such inconsistency without further approval by our stockholders.

Withholding: To the extent the Company is required to withhold federal, state, local or foreign taxes or other amounts in connection with any payment made or benefit realized

by a participant or other person under the Amended 2019 Plan, and the amounts available to us for such withholding are insufficient, it will be a condition to the receipt of such payment or the realization of such benefit that the participant or such other person make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for payment of the balance of such taxes or other amounts required to be withheld, which arrangements, in the discretion of the Committee, may include relinquishment of a portion of such benefit. If a participant’s benefit is to be received in the form of Common Stock, and such participant fails to make arrangements for the payment of taxes or other amounts, then, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, we will withhold Common Stock having a value equal to the amount required to be withheld. When a participant is required to pay the Company an amount required to be withheld under applicable income, employment, tax or other laws, the participant may elect, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, to satisfy the obligation, in whole or in part, by having withheld, from the shares required to be delivered to the participant, Common Stock having a value equal to the amount required to be withheld or by delivering to us other Common Stock held by such participant. The Common Stock used for tax or other withholding will be valued at an amount equal to the fair market value of such Common Stock on the date the benefit is to be included in the participant’s income. In no event will the fair market value of the Common Stock to be withheld and delivered pursuant to the Amended 2019 Plan exceed the minimum amount required to be withheld, unless (1) an additional amount can be withheld and not result in adverse accounting consequences, and (2) such additional withholding amount is authorized by the Committee. Participants will also make such arrangements as the Company may require for the payment of any withholding tax or other obligation that may arise in connection with the disposition of Common Stock acquired upon the exercise of stock options.

No Right to Continued Employment: The Amended 2019 Plan does not confer upon any participant any right with respect to continuance of employment or service with the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Effective Date of the Amended 2019 Plan: The 2019 Plan became effective on June 12, 2019. The Amended 2019 Plan will become effective on the date it is approved by the Company’s stockholders.

Amendment and Termination of the Amended 2019 Plan: The Board generally may amend the Amended 2019 Plan from time to time in whole or in part. However, if any amendment, for purposes of applicable stock exchange rules (and except as permitted under the adjustment provisions of the Amended 2019 Plan) (1) would materially increase the benefits accruing to participants under the Amended 2019 Plan, (2) would materially increase the number of securities which may be issued under the Amended 2019 Plan, (3) would materially modify the requirements for participation in the Amended 2019 Plan, or (4) must otherwise be approved by our stockholders in order to comply with applicable law or the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market, or, if the Common Stock is not traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market, the principal national securities exchange upon which the Common Stock is traded or quoted, all as determined by the Board, then such amendment will be subject to stockholder approval and will not be effective unless and until such approval has been obtained.

Further, subject to the Amended 2019 Plan’s prohibition on repricing, the Committee generally may amend the terms of any award prospectively or retroactively. Except in the case of certain adjustments permitted under the Amended 2019 Plan, no such amendment may be made that would materially impair the rights of any participant without his or her consent. If permitted by Section 409A of the Code and subject to certain other limitations set forth in the Amended 2019 Plan, including in the case of termination of employment or service, or in the case of unforeseeable emergency or other circumstances or in the event of a change in control, the Committee may provide for continued vesting or accelerate the vesting of certain awards granted under the Amended 2019 Plan or waive any other limitation or requirement under any such award.

The Board may, in its discretion, terminate the Amended 2019 Plan at any time. Termination of the Amended 2019 Plan will not affect the rights of participants or their successors under any awards outstanding and not exercised in full on the date of termination. No grant will be made under the Amended 2019 Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the date stockholders approve the Amended 2019 Plan, but all grants made prior to such date will continue in effect thereafter subject to their terms and the terms of the Amended 2019 Plan.

Allowances for Conversion Awards and Assumed Plans. Common Stock issued or transferred under awards granted under the Amended 2019 Plan in substitution for or conversion of, or in connection with an assumption of, stock options, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs, or other stock or stock-based awards held by awardees of an entity engaging in a corporate acquisition or merger transaction with us or any of our subsidiaries will not count against (or be added to) the aggregate share limit or other Amended 2019 Plan limits described above. Additionally, shares available under certain plans that we or our subsidiaries may assume in connection with corporate transactions from another entity may be available for certain awards under the Amended 2019 Plan, under circumstances further described in the Amended 2019 Plan, but will not count against the aggregate share limit or other Amended 2019 Plan limits described above.

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following is a brief summary of certain of the Federal income tax consequences of certain transactions under the Amended 2019 Plan based on Federal income tax laws in effect. This summary, which is presented for the information of stockholders considering how to vote on this proposal and not for Amended 2019 Plan participants, is not intended to be complete and does not describe Federal taxes other than income taxes (such as Medicare and Social Security taxes), or state, local or foreign tax consequences.

TAX CONSEQUENCES TO PARTICIPANTS

Restricted Stock. The recipient of restricted stock generally will be subject to tax at ordinary income rates on the fair market value of the restricted stock (reduced by any amount paid by the recipient for such restricted stock) at such time as the restricted stock is no longer subject to forfeiture or restrictions on transfer for purposes of Section 83 of the Code (“Restrictions”). However, a recipient who so elects under Section 83(b) of the Code within 30 days of the date of transfer of the shares will have taxable ordinary income on the date of transfer of the shares equal to the excess of the fair market value of such shares

(determined without regard to the Restrictions) over the purchase price, if any, of such restricted stock. If a Section 83(b) election has not been made, any dividends received with respect to restricted stock that is subject to the Restrictions generally will be treated as compensation that is taxable as ordinary income to the recipient.

Performance Shares, Performance Units and Cash Incentive Awards. No income generally will be recognized upon the grant of performance shares, performance units or cash incentive awards. Upon payment in respect of the earn-out of performance shares, performance units or cash incentive awards, the recipient generally will be required to include as taxable ordinary income in the year of receipt an amount equal to the amount of cash received and the fair market value of any unrestricted Common Stock received.

Nonqualified Stock Options. In general:

•no income will be recognized by an optionee at the time a non-qualified stock option is granted;

•at the time of exercise of a non-qualified stock option, ordinary income will be recognized by the optionee in an amount equal to the difference between the option price paid for the shares and the fair market value of the shares, if unrestricted, on the date of exercise; and

•at the time of sale of shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, appreciation (or depreciation) in value of the shares after the date of exercise will be treated as either short-term or long-term capital gain (or loss) depending on how long the shares have been held.

Incentive Stock Options. No income generally will be recognized by an optionee upon the grant or exercise an Incentive Stock Option. If Common Stock is issued to the optionee pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option, and if no disqualifying disposition of such shares is made by such optionee within two years after the date of grant or within one year after the transfer of such shares to the optionee, then upon sale of such shares, any amount realized in excess of the option price will be taxed to the optionee as a long-term capital gain and any loss sustained will be a long-term capital loss.

If Common Stock acquired upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option is disposed of prior to the expiration of either holding period described above, the optionee generally will recognize ordinary income in the year of disposition in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the fair market value of such shares at the time of exercise (or, if less, the amount realized on the disposition of such shares if a sale or exchange) over the exercise price paid for such shares. Any further gain (or loss) realized by the participant generally will be taxed as short-term or long-term capital gain (or loss) depending on the holding period.

SARs. No income will be recognized by a participant in connection with the grant of a SAR. When the SAR is exercised, the participant normally will be required to include as taxable ordinary income in the year of exercise an amount equal to the amount of cash received and the fair market value of any unrestricted Common Stock received on the exercise.

RSUs. No income generally will be recognized upon the award of RSUs. The recipient of an RSU award generally will be subject to tax at ordinary income rates on the fair market value of unrestricted Common Stock on the date that such shares are transferred to the participant under the award (reduced by any amount paid by the participant for such RSUs), and the capital gains/loss holding period for such shares will also commence on such date.

Tax Consequences to the Company and its Subsidiaries

To the extent that a participant recognizes ordinary income in the circumstances described above, the Company or the subsidiary for which the participant performs services will be entitled to a corresponding deduction, provided that, among other things, the income meets the test of reasonableness, is an ordinary and necessary business expense, is not an “excess parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and is not disallowed by the $1 million limitation on certain executive compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code.

New Plan Benefits

It is not possible to determine the specific amounts and types of awards that may be awarded in the future under the Amended 2019 Plan because the grant and actual settlement of awards under the Amended 2019 Plan are subject to the discretion of the plan administrator.

Awards Granted to Certain Persons

The table below shows the number of awards granted under the 2019 Plan to the named executive officers and the other individuals and groups indicated below since its inception through June 30, 2022.

ATHERSYS, INC. 2019 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN


Name and Position	Number of Shares of Common Stock Subject to RSUs Granted	Number of Shares of Common Stock Subject to Stock Options Granted
Named Executive Officers:
Gil Van Bokkelen, Former Chief Executive Officer	494,341	1,112,280
William (BJ) Lehmann, Former President and Chief Operating Officer	397,178	1,393,648
John Harrington, Former Chief Scientific Officer and Executive Vice President	397,178	1,643,648
Ivor Macleod, Former Chief Financial Officer	133,333	550,000
Laura Campbell, Former Senior Vice President of Finance	175,008	493,776
All current executive officers, as a group*	221,333	348,000
All current non-employee directors as a group	—	750,000
Each nominee for election as a director**	—	750,000
Each associate of any of the foregoing	N/A	N/A
Each other person who received at least 5% of all awards	N/A	N/A
All employees, including all current officers who are not executive officers, as a group	3,014,845	7,622,012

* Awards granted to Dr. Van Bokkelen and Ms. Campbell are not included in the awards to all current executive officers as a group as their employment with the Company terminated in February 2021 and July 2021, respectively. Mr. Lehmann’s employment terminated without cause on May 31, 2022, and the employment of Dr. Harrington and Mr. Macleod terminated without cause on June 30, 2022.

** Awards to each nominee for election as a director (250,000 options for Dr. Kola, 200,000 options for Mr. Traub, 150,000 options for Ms. Wasman and 150,000 options for Mr. Wyszomierski) does not include any awards granted to Mr. Daniel A. Camardo because no awards have been granted to him under the 2019 Plan.

REGISTRATION WITH THE SEC

We intend to file a Registration Statement on Form S-8 relating to the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock under the Amended 2019 Plan with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as soon as practicable after approval of the Amended 2019 Plan by our stockholders.

The Board unanimously recommends that stockholders vote FOR Proposal Three to approve the amendment and restatement of the Athersys, Inc. 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2021, unless otherwise indicated.


Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding awards	Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding awards	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a) (1)	(b) (2)	(c) (1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	23,207,614	$ 1.77	3,176,331
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)	1,820,478	$ 1.38	—
Total	25,028,092		3,176,331

(1) Included in column (a) and (c) are both stock option and RSU awards under our equity compensation plans.

(2) Reflects the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding stock options only, as opposed to RSUs that do not have an exercise price. The weighted average exercise price of all outstanding stock option awards under our plans is $1.94 and the weighted average remaining term is 5.47 years.

(3) 820,478 of the shares of Common Stock included in this plan category are issuable pursuant to outstanding awards under the Athersys, Inc. Equity Incentive Compensation Plan. This plan expired on June 8, 2017; therefore, no new awards can be issued under this plan. The remaining 1,000,000 shares reflect non-qualified stock option Inducement Awards. For the first award, 600,000 shares may be purchased at an exercise price of $1.36 per share (vesting generally occurs with respect to 150,000 shares on January 31, 2021 and with respect to the remaining 450,000 shares in substantially equal installments on each of the 12 quarterly anniversaries of January 31, 2021, subject to certain acceleration and continued exercisability events as described in the award agreement for the award). For the second award, 400,000 shares may be purchased at an exercise price of $1.18 per share (vesting generally occurs with respect to 100,000 shares on March 16, 2021 and with respect to the remaining 300,000 shares in substantially equal installments on each of the 12 quarterly anniversaries of March 16, 2021, subject to certain acceleration and continued exercisability events as described in the award agreement for the award). The term of each option award is generally 10 years. See Note H to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 for more information.

PROPOSAL FOUR

APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY’S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO EFFECT A REVERSE STOCK SPLIT OF THE COMPANY’S COMMON STOCK

GENERAL

The Board has approved and recommended that our stockholders approve an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”) to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”) at a ratio within a range of 1:15 to 1:30 (the “Ratio Range”). On June 15, 2022, the Board adopted a resolution approving the Reverse Stock Split and directing that it be submitted to the Company’s stockholders for approval. If this proposal is approved, the Board, or an authorized committee of the Board, in its sole discretion, will have the authority to decide, within 12 months from the Annual Meeting, whether to implement the Reverse Stock Split and the exact ratio of the split within the Ratio Range, if it is to be implemented. If the Board or an authorized committee of the Board decides to implement the Reverse Stock Split, then it will become effective upon the filing of the amendment to the Charter with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Effective Date”). If the Reverse Stock Split is implemented, then the number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock held by the Company as treasury stock would be reduced in accordance with the exchange ratio selected by the Board, or an authorized committee of the Board, within the Ratio Range. The total number of authorized shares of Common Stock, however, would remain unchanged at its current total of 600,000,000. The form of certificate of amendment to the Charter to effect the Reverse Stock Split is attached as Appendix B to this proxy statement.

The Board, in its sole discretion, may elect not to implement the Reverse Stock Split. However, the Board believes that having the time-limited authority to take such an action is an important proactive step to maintain and build stockholder value.

PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF THE REVERSE SPLIT

The Board’s primary objectives in proposing the Reverse Stock Split are to raise the per share trading price of the Common Stock and to increase the number of shares of authorized but unissued Common Stock. The Board believes that the Reverse Stock Split would, among other things, (a) better enable the Company to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on NASDAQ, (b) facilitate higher levels of institutional stock ownership, where investment policies generally prohibit investments in lower-priced securities, and (c) better enable the Company to restructure itself and to raise funds to finance its planned operations.

The Company’s Common Stock has traded on NASDAQ since June 12, 2007. On March 18, 2022, the Company received a written notice (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of NASDAQ that the Company is not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share of Common Stock, as set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Requirement”), because the

closing bid price of the Common Stock was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. The Notice provided that, in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until September 14, 2022, to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. During this period, the Common Stock will continue to trade on NASDAQ. If at any time before September 14, 2022 the bid price of the Common Stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days, NASDAQ will provide written notification that the Company has achieved compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and the matter will be closed.

The closing sale price of our Common Stock on June 15, 2022 was $0.37 per share. The Board has considered the potential harm to the Company of a delisting from NASDAQ and believes that the Reverse Stock Split would help the Company regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. The Board does not believe that having the Common Stock delisted from NASDAQ is desirable because, among other things, it could reduce the liquidity of the Common Stock, and under our equity purchase agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (“Aspire”), we would be in default if our Common Stock is delisted from NASDAQ, which could suspend our rights to sell Common Stock to Aspire under the Purchase Agreements. Although the Board believes that implementing the Reverse Stock Split likely will lead to compliance with NASDAQ rules, there can be no assurance that the closing share price after implementation of the Reverse Stock Split will succeed in restoring such compliance.

The Board further believes that an increased stock price may encourage investor interest and improve the marketability of the Common Stock to a broader range of investors, and thus potentially improve liquidity. Because of the trading volatility often associated with low-priced stocks, many brokerage firms and institutional investors have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers. The Board believes that the anticipated higher market price resulting from a reverse stock split would enable institutional investors and brokerage firms with policies and practices such as those described above to invest in the Common Stock.

Furthermore, the Board believes that the Reverse Stock Split would facilitate the Company’s efforts to raise capital to fund its planned operations. As previously disclosed in the Company’s periodic reports filed with the SEC, the Company plans to raise additional capital through sales of the Common Stock through equity issuances. The Reverse Stock Split would reduce the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding without reducing the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock. As a result, the Company would have a larger number of authorized but unissued shares from which to issue additional shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, in equity financing transactions.

The purpose of seeking stockholder approval of exchange ratios within the Ratio Range (rather than a fixed exchange ratio) is to provide the Company with the flexibility to achieve the desired results of the Reverse Stock Split. If the stockholders approve this proposal, then the Board or an authorized committee of the Board, in its sole discretion, would effect the Reverse Stock Split only upon the determination by the Board or an

authorized committee of the Board that a reverse split would be in the best interests of the Company at that time. If the Board, or an authorized committee of the Board, were to effect the Reverse Stock Split, then the Board would set the timing for such a split and select the specific ratio within the Ratio Range. No further action on the part of stockholders would be required to either implement or abandon the Reverse Stock Split. If the stockholders approve the proposal, and the Board or an authorized committee of the Board determines to effect the Reverse Stock Split, we would communicate to the public, prior to the Effective Date, additional details regarding the Reverse Stock Split, including the specific ratio within the Ratio Range selected by the Board or an authorized committee of the Board. If the Board or an authorized committee of the Board does not implement the Reverse Stock Split within 12 months from the Annual Meeting, then the authority granted in this proposal to implement the Reverse Stock Split automatically will terminate. The Board reserves its right to elect not to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split if it determines, in its sole discretion, that this proposal is no longer in the best interests of the Company.

MATERIAL EFFECTS OF PROPOSED REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

The Board believes that the Reverse Stock Split will increase the price level of the Common Stock in order to, among other things, ensure continued compliance with NASDAQ’s minimum per share listing requirements and generate interest in the Company among investors, and in particular institutional investors that have investment policies that prohibit investment in lower-priced securities. The Board cannot predict, however, the effect of the Reverse Stock Split upon the market price for the Common Stock, and the history of similar reverse stock splits for companies in like circumstances is varied. The market price per share of Common Stock after the Reverse Stock Split may not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding resulting from the Reverse Stock Split, which would reduce the market capitalization of the Company. The market price per post-reverse split share may not remain in excess of the $1.00 minimum per share price as required by NASDAQ, or the Company may not otherwise meet the additional requirements for continued listing on NASDAQ. The market price of the Common Stock may also be based on our performance and other factors, the effect of which the Board cannot predict.

The Reverse Stock Split will affect all stockholders of the Company uniformly and will not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interests or proportionate voting power, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split results in any stockholders owning a fractional share. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, for each share of Common Stock held by a stockholder immediately prior to the Effective Date and not converted into a full share of Common Stock in the Reverse Stock Split, the holder (other than with respect to shares of Common Stock held by the Company as treasury stock) otherwise entitled to such fraction will be entitled to receive a sum in cash (without interest) equal to, as the Company may determine, either (a) the holder’s proportionate interest in the proceeds, net of selling costs not paid and satisfied by the Company, from the aggregation and sale of the fractional shares by the transfer agent for the Common Stock or (b) the closing price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (or the principal market upon which the Common Stock is trading) on the trading day immediately prior to the Effective Date, as adjusted by

the specific ratio chosen by the Board within the Ratio Range, multiplied by the applicable fraction of a share of Common Stock.

The principal effect of the Reverse Stock Split will be that the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will be reduced depending on the exact split ratio chosen by the Board or an authorized committee of the Board within the Ratio Range. In addition, all outstanding options, warrants (including warrants issued to Healios to purchase up to a total of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock) and restricted stock units (collectively, the “Outstanding Equity Rights”) entitling the holders thereof to acquire, through purchase, exchange or otherwise, shares of Common Stock will enable such holders to acquire upon exercise of their respective Outstanding Equity Rights that number of shares of Common Stock, as adjusted based on the exact split ratio, which such holders would have been able to purchase upon exercise or conversion, as and to the extent applicable, of their respective Outstanding Equity Rights immediately preceding the Reverse Stock Split, at an exercise price or conversion rate, as and to the extent applicable, equal to the exercise price or conversion rate, as applicable, specified before the Reverse Stock Split, as adjusted by the exact split ratio, resulting in the same aggregate price being required to be paid upon exercise or conversion thereof immediately preceding the Reverse Stock Split. Furthermore, the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity and incentive compensation plans will be reduced to the number of shares currently included in such plans as modified based on the exact split ratio.

The Reverse Stock Split may result in some stockholders owning “odd lots” of less than 100 shares of Common Stock. Odd lot shares may be more difficult to sell, and brokerage commissions and other costs of transactions in odd lots may be higher than the costs of transactions in “round lots” of even multiples of 100 shares.

The Reverse Stock Split will not affect the par value of the Common Stock. As a result, on the Effective Date, the present value of the stated capital on the Company’s balance sheet attributable to the Common Stock will be reduced based on the applicable ratio within the Ratio Range, and the additional paid-in capital account will be credited with the amount by which the stated capital is reduced. The per share net income or loss and net book value of the Common Stock will be retroactively increased for each period because there will be fewer shares of Common Stock outstanding.

The Reverse Stock Split will not change the terms of the Common Stock. After the Reverse Stock Split, the shares of Common Stock will have the same voting rights and rights to dividends and distributions and will be identical in all other respects to the Common Stock now authorized. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership of the Company based on holdings of Common Stock will not be altered except for the effect of eliminating fractional shares. The Common Stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split is not intended as, and will not have the effect of, a “going private transaction” covered by Rule 13e-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Following the Reverse Stock Split, the Company will continue to be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Because the Company will not reduce the number of authorized shares of Common Stock, the overall effect of the Reverse Stock Split will be an increase in authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock. These authorized shares of Common Stock may be issued at the Board’s discretion, subject to applicable limitations. Any future issuances of shares of Common Stock will have the effect of diluting the percentage of stock ownership and voting rights of the present holders of Common Stock.

Release No. 34-15230 of the staff of the SEC requires disclosure and discussion of the effects of any action, including the proposed Charter amendment authorizing the Reverse Stock Split, that may be used as an anti-takeover mechanism. Because the proposed Charter amendment provides that the number of authorized shares of Common Stock remains at 600,000,000, the amendment that is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, if any such amendment is filed, will result in a relative increase in the number of authorized but unissued shares of the Company’s Common Stock in relation to the number of outstanding shares of our Common Stock after the Reverse Stock Split and could, under certain circumstances, have an anti-takeover effect, although this is not the purpose or intent of the Board. The primary purpose of the proposed Reverse Stock Split is to provide the Board with a mechanism to raise the per share trading price of the Company’s Common Stock in order to improve liquidity and help ensure that the price per share of the Company’s Common Stock remains above the minimum amount required to maintain the Company’s listing on NASDAQ. However, a relative increase in the number of the Company’s authorized shares of Common Stock could enable the Board to render more difficult or discourage an attempt by a party attempting to obtain control of the Company by tender offer or other means. The issuance of Common Stock in a public or private sale, merger or similar transaction would increase the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote, increase the number of votes required to approve a change of control of the Company and dilute the interest of a party attempting to obtain control of the Company. Any such issuance could deprive stockholders of benefits that could result from an attempt to obtain control of the Company, such as the realization of a premium over market price that such an attempt could cause. Moreover, the issuance of Common Stock to persons friendly to the Board could make it more difficult to remove incumbent officers and directors from office even if such change were favorable to stockholders generally. The Company has no present intent to use the relative increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock for anti-takeover purposes, and the proposed amendment to the Charter is not part of a plan by the Board to adopt any anti-takeover provisions. However, if the proposed amendment is approved by the stockholders, then a greater number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock would be available for such purpose than currently is available. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened efforts to obtain control of the Company, and the Board has no present intent to authorize the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock to discourage such efforts if they were to arise.

PROCEDURE FOR EFFECTING REVERSE SPLIT AND EXCHANGE OF STOCK CERTIFICATES

If the Reverse Stock Split is approved by the Company’s stockholders, and the Board or an authorized committee of the Board determines it is in the best interests of the Company to effect the split, then the Reverse Stock Split would become effective at such

time as the certificate of amendment to the Charter, the form of which is attached as Appendix B to this proxy statement, is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

As soon as practicable after the Effective Date, stockholders will be notified that the Reverse Stock Split has been effected. Computershare, Inc., the Company’s transfer agent, will act as exchange agent for purposes of implementing the exchange of stock certificates. Holders of pre-Reverse Stock Split shares will be asked to surrender to the exchange agent certificates representing pre-Reverse Stock Split shares in exchange for certificates representing post-Reverse Stock Split shares in accordance with the procedures to be set forth in a letter of transmittal that will be delivered to the Company’s stockholders. No new certificates will be issued to a stockholder until the stockholder has surrendered to the exchange agent his, her or its outstanding certificate(s) together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal. STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD NOT DESTROY ANY STOCK CERTIFICATES AND SHOULD NOT SUBMIT ANY CERTIFICATES UNTIL REQUESTED TO DO SO. Stockholders whose shares are held by their stockbroker do not need to submit old share certificates for exchange. These shares will automatically reflect the new quantity of shares based on the Reverse Stock Split. Beginning on the Effective Date, each certificate representing pre-Reverse Stock Split shares will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of post-Reverse Stock Split shares. YOU SHOULD NOT SEND YOUR CERTIFICATES NOW. YOU SHOULD SEND THEM ONLY AFTER YOU RECEIVE A NOTICE FOR SURRENDER FROM THE TRANSFER AGENT.

Unclaimed certificates for the post-Reverse Stock Split shares may be tendered to state authorities by the transfer agent under applicable unclaimed property or “escheat” laws, in which case the stockholder would need to obtain the post-Reverse Stock Split shares from the relevant state authority.

Certain registered holders of our Common Stock may hold some or all of their respective shares electronically in book-entry form with the transfer agent. These stockholders do not have stock certificates evidencing their ownership of the Common Stock. They are, however, provided with a periodic statement reflecting the number of shares of Common Stock registered in their accounts. Stockholders who hold shares electronically in book-entry form with the transfer agent will not need to take action to receive whole shares of post-Reverse Stock Split Common Stock, because the exchange will be automatic. The effect of the Reverse Stock Split on the number of shares of Common Stock held by shareholders electronically in book-entry form will be reflected in subsequent periodic statements.

FRACTIONAL SHARES

The Company will not issue fractional certificates for post-Reverse Stock Split shares in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, for each share of Common Stock held by a stockholder immediately prior to the Effective Date and not converted into a full share of Common Stock in the Reverse Stock Split, the holder (other than with respect to shares of Common Stock held by the Company as treasury stock) otherwise entitled to such fraction will be entitled to receive a sum in cash (without interest) equal to, as the Company may determine, either (a) the holder’s proportionate

interest in the proceeds, net of selling costs not paid and satisfied by the Company, from the aggregation and sale of the fractional shares by the transfer agent for the Common Stock or (b) the closing price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (or the principal market upon which the Common Stock is trading) on the trading day immediately prior to the Effective Date, as adjusted by the specific ratio chosen by the Board within the Ratio Range, multiplied by the applicable fraction of a share of Common Stock.

CRITERIA TO BE USED FOR DECISION TO APPLY THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

If the stockholders approve the Reverse Stock Split, then the Board or an authorized committee of the Board will be authorized to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split within the time period indicated. In determining whether to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split and setting the exact split ratio within the Ratio Range, if any, the Board or an authorized committee of the Board will consider a number of factors, including market conditions, existing and expected trading prices of the Common Stock, the NASDAQ listing requirements, the Company’s additional funding requirements and the amount of the Company’s authorized but unissued Common Stock.

NO DISSENTER’S RIGHTS

Under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, stockholders will not be entitled to dissenter’s rights with respect to the proposed amendment to the Charter to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and the Company does not intend to independently provide stockholders with any such right.

CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following description of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the Reverse Stock Split is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority, and current administrative rulings and interpretations as in effect on the date of this proxy statement. These authorities are subject to change, including possibly with retroactive effect, which could alter the U.S. federal income tax consequences described below. We have not sought and will not seek an opinion of counsel or a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.

This discussion is intended to provide only a general summary to stockholders who hold their shares of Common Stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment) and does not discuss the tax consequences of any other transaction that may occur before, after, or at the same time as the Reverse Stock Split. This discussion does not address other federal taxes (such as the alternative minimum tax, gift or estate taxes, or the Medicare surtax on net investment income) or tax considerations under state, local or foreign laws. This discussion does not address every aspect of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to stockholders in light of their particular circumstances or to persons who are otherwise subject to special tax treatment, including, without limitation: (a) partnerships, subchapter S corporations, trusts or other pass-through entities or investors therein; (b) brokers or dealers in securities; (c) traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings; (d) banks or other financial institutions; (e) insurance

companies; (f) mutual funds; (g) tax exempt organizations or pension funds; (h) “controlled foreign corporations” or “passive foreign investment companies”, as defined in the Code, or U.S. expatriates; (i) U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; (j) real estate investment trusts; (k) regulated investment companies; (l) grantor trusts; (m) stockholders who actually or constructively own 10 percent or more of our voting stock; (n) persons who hold our Common Stock as part of a hedging, straddle, conversion or other risk reduction transaction; or (o) persons who acquired our Common Stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation.

If a partnership (or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our Common Stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships that hold our Common Stock, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.

Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders on the Exchange of Common Stock Pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split

A “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our Common Stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes: (a) an individual citizen or resident of the United States; (b) a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States any state thereof or the District of Columbia (or entity treated as such for U.S. federal income tax purposes); (c) an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or (d) a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person. A “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our Common Stock that is neither a U.S. holder nor an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Reverse Stock Split is intended to be treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. holder or non-U.S. holder generally will not recognize gain or loss on the Reverse Stock Split, except in respect of cash, if any, received in lieu of a fractional share interest as discussed below. In general, the aggregate tax basis of the post-Reverse Stock Split shares received will be equal to the aggregate tax basis of the pre-Reverse Stock Split shares exchanged therefor (excluding any portion of the holder’s basis allocated to fractional shares), and the holding period of the post-Reverse Stock Split shares received will include the holding period of the pre-Reverse Stock Split shares exchanged.

Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders on the Receipt of Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares

A U.S. holder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of new Common Stock generally will recognize taxable gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and the portion of the stockholder’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of old Common Stock allocated to the fractional share. If the shares of old Common Stock allocated to the fractional shares were held by the stockholder as capital

assets, the gain or loss resulting from the payment of cash in lieu of the issuance of a fractional share will be taxed as capital gain or loss. Such capital gain or loss will be short term if the pre-Reverse Stock Split shares were held for one year or less and long term if held for more than one year.

In certain circumstances, cash received by a U.S. holder in lieu of fractional shares could be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes instead of capital gain. We recommend that U.S. holders of our Common Stock consult their own tax advisors to determine the extent to which their fractional share redemption could be treated as a dividend.

Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders on the Receipt of Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares

A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to any gain recognized as a result of cash received in lieu of a fractional share in connection with the Reverse Stock Split; provided, however, that gain will be subject to tax if (a) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. holder in the U.S., and, where a tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of the non-U.S. holder, (b) the gain is recognized by an individual non-U.S. holder who is present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the Reverse Stock Split and certain other conditions are met, or (c) the Company is or has been a “U.S. real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time within the shorter of (i) the five-year period preceding the Reverse Stock Split and (ii) the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for our Common Stock, unless our Common Stock is regularly traded on an established securities market and the non-U.S. holder does not actually or constructively hold more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the Reverse Stock Split and the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for our Common Stock. The Company believes that it is not currently, and was not at any time during the five-year period preceding the Reverse Stock Split, a “U.S. real property holding corporation.”

Gain described in clause (a) or (c) above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates generally in the same manner as if such holder were a resident of the United States. A non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) of a portion of its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year. Non-U.S. holders should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules. Additionally, if the circumstances described in clause (c) above exist, the Company may withhold an amount equal to 15% of the cash paid in lieu of a fractional share in connection with the Reverse Stock Split.

Gain described in clause (b) above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a flat 30% rate (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) but may be offset by U.S. source capital losses (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided that the non-U.S. holder has timely filed U.S. federal income

tax returns with respect to such losses. Non-U.S. holders should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

As discussed above under “Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders on the Receipt of Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares,” under certain circumstances the cash received by a non-U.S. holder in lieu of fractional shares could be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes (which could be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax) instead of capital gain. Non-U.S. holders of our Common Stock should consult their own tax advisors to determine the extent to which their fractional share redemption could be treated as a dividend.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares within the United States or conducted through certain U.S. related financial intermediaries is subject to both backup withholding and information reporting unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalties of perjury that he or she is not a United States person (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a United States person) or is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Information reported to the IRS also may be made available under a specific treaty or agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is established.

Backup withholding, currently at a 24% rate, generally will not apply to (a) each U.S. holder who provides us or our paying agent with a properly completed IRS Form W-9 establishing an exemption from backup withholding and (b) each non-U.S. holder who provides us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E, or IRS Form W-8ECI (or other applicable form or successor form), or certain other requirements are met. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. holder’s or non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code) commonly referred to as “FATCA,” and the Treasury regulations and administrative guidance thereunder, generally impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on certain types of payments, including payments of U.S.- source dividends and payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of shares made to (i) “foreign financial institutions” unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders, and (ii) certain non-financial foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. Additionally, in order to be treated as FATCA compliant, a non-U.S. holder must provide certain documentation (usually an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E) containing information about its identity, its FATCA status and, if required, its direct and indirect U.S. owners. Proposed Treasury regulations have been issued that would eliminate withholding on payments of gross proceeds (but not on payments of dividends). Pursuant to the preamble to the proposed Treasury regulations, we and any withholding agent may (but are not required to) rely on this proposed change to FATCA withholding until the final regulations are issued or the proposed regulations are

withdrawn. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.

We will not pay any additional amounts to non-U.S. holders in respect of any amounts withheld including any amounts withheld pursuant to FATCA. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. Non-U.S. holders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions to them based on their particular circumstances.

THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. IT IS NOT TAX ADVICE. EACH HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR UNITED STATES FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT AND OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK.

REQUIRED VOTE

The approval of this Proposal Four requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote on such proposal at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions will have the effect of votes “against” the proposal.

The Board unanimously recommends that stockholders vote FOR Proposal Four to approve an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock.

PROPOSAL FIVE
APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

In this Proposal Five, as required pursuant to Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and Rule 14a-21(a) promulgated thereunder, we are providing our stockholders the opportunity to cast an advisory (nonbinding) vote on the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in “Executive Compensation - Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and in the related tabular and narrative disclosure below, pursuant to the compensation rules of the SEC. While this vote is advisory, and not binding on the Company, the Board values the opinions of our stockholders; the Compensation Committee will review the result of the vote and expects to take it into consideration when making future decisions regarding executive compensation. This advisory (nonbinding) vote is currently conducted every year. We expect to hold our next advisory vote at our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

We are asking our stockholders to indicate their support for the compensation of our named executive officers as described in this proxy statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers and the executive compensation program and practices described in this proxy statement. Please read the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the executive compensation tables and narrative disclosure for a detailed explanation of our executive compensation program and practices. Accordingly, we are asking our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the stockholders approve, on an advisory basis, the Company’s named executive officer compensation, as disclosed in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the tabular disclosure regarding named executive officer compensation (together with the accompanying narrative disclosure) pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K in the proxy statement for the Annual Meeting.”

REQUIRED VOTE

The approval of this Proposal Five requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast for or against, in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, on such proposal at the Annual Meeting. Under the Company’s bylaws, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal.

The Board unanimously recommends that you vote FOR Proposal Five, the approval, on an advisory basis, of named executive officer compensation.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Executive Summary

This section discusses the principles underlying our executive compensation policies and important factors relevant to an analysis of these policies. It provides qualitative information regarding the manner and context in which compensation was awarded to and earned by our named executive officers for 2021, who were: Dr. Gil Van Bokkelen, our former Chief Executive Officer; Mr. William (BJ) Lehmann, Jr., our former President and Chief Operating Officer (who also served as our Interim Chief Executive Officer in 2021); Dr. John Harrington, our former Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer; Mr. Ivor Macleod, our former Chief Financial Officer; and Ms. Laura Campbell, our former Senior Vice President of Finance, through July 21, 2021 (at which time she retired from Athersys). This section also places in perspective the data presented in the compensation tables and narratives that follow.

In February 2021, Dr. Van Bokkelen ceased serving as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Lehmann was appointed as our Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Daniel Camardo was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer and a Director on February 14, 2022, and, on June 17, 2022, Maia Hansen was appointed to serve as our Chief Operating Officer, and therefore they are not covered by this discussion and analysis.

On May 31, 2022, in connection with our corporate restructuring plan, Mr. Lehmann’s employment terminated without cause and he ceased serving as President and Chief Operating Officer. Dr. Harrington ceased serving as Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer, and Mr. Macleod ceased serving as Chief Financial Officer, in each case, effective as of June 30, 2022, in connection with our corporate restructuring plan when their employment terminated without cause. The cessation of employment by Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, and Mr. Macleod will be referred to in the remainder of this proxy statement as the “Executive Transition.”

As further discussed in this section, our compensation and benefit programs help us attract, retain and motivate individuals who are expected to maximize our business results by working to meet or exceed established company and individual objectives. In addition, we reward our executive officers for meeting certain developmental milestones, such as completing advancements in product candidate development, strategic partnerships, operational capabilities and other financial transactions that add to our capital resources or create value for our stockholders.

The following are key highlights of our 2021 compensation and benefit determinations:

•modestly increased the base salaries of our named executive officers;

•paid below-target cash incentive compensation based on performance against preset objectives to our named executive officers;

•entered into retention agreements with our named executive officers, other than Dr. Van Bokkelen, which agreements provide for a cash retention award and a

stock option award, with vesting in each case tied to a continued service requirement; and

•granted stock options and restricted stock unit, or RSU, awards to our named executive officers under our annual equity compensation program.

In addition, on December 3, 2021, we entered into updated employment agreements with each of Mr. Lehmann, Mr. Macleod and Dr. Harrington, which agreements became effective on December 31, 2021. These agreements were intended to modernize and update the officers’ prior employment agreements to reflect current market practices by superseding and replacing such prior employment agreements. However, the officers’ annual base salary rates and annual cash incentive compensation program participation levels remained unchanged from the 2021 levels.

The following discussion and analysis of our named executive officer compensation and benefit programs for 2021 should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures that follow this section. This discussion includes forward-looking statements based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations about our compensation program. Actual compensation decisions that we may make for 2022 and beyond may differ materially from our recent past.

Compensation Objectives and Philosophy

Our executive compensation programs are designed to:

•help recruit, retain and motivate our experienced executive team to drive performance to achieve our core business goals;

•provide incentives to promote and reward performance throughout the organization, which we refer to as Pay for Performance;

•facilitate stock ownership and retention by our executives; and

•promote alignment between executives and the long-term interests of stockholders.

The Compensation Committee seeks to achieve these objectives by:

•establishing a compensation program that is market competitive and internally fair; and

•linking individual and corporate performance with certain elements of compensation through the use of equity grants, cash performance compensation or other means of compensation the value of which is substantially tied to the achievement of our corporate goals.

At the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, approximately 58% of the votes cast on our advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation were voted in favor of the approval of our named executive officer compensation. Accordingly, our Compensation Committee has been considering certain improvements to our executive compensation program; in March 2022, it was decided that the named executive officer annual incentive payouts under the annual cash incentive plan of the Company for 2022 would be solely based on the achievement of corporate goals.

Components of Compensation

Our executive compensation program includes the following primary elements:

•base salary;

•cash incentive compensation;

•long-term equity incentive plan awards; and

•retirement, health and other insurance benefits.

Our Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between long-term and currently paid-out compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation or among different forms of non-cash compensation. We generally consider competitive practices, relative management level and operating responsibilities of each executive officer when determining the compensation elements to reward his or her ability to impact short-term and long-term results.

Role of the Chief Executive Officer

Historically, our former Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Van Bokkelen, took the lead in providing our Board with recommendations regarding our executive compensation. In 2021, the Compensation Committee reviewed and approved the 2021 compensation for our named executive officers, after reviewing recommendations from Dr. Van Bokkelen. Mr. Lehmann, as Interim Chief Executive Officer, made recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding the achievement of individual goals for Mr. Macleod and Mr. Harrington. The achievement of corporate goals impacted potential cash incentive compensation payments and base salary increases. The Compensation Committee exercised independent discretion when making executive compensation decisions throughout the review of the proposed compensation recommendations. We describe and discuss the particular compensation decisions made by the Compensation Committee regarding the 2021 compensation of our named executive officers below under “Elements of Executive Compensation.”

Role of the Independent Compensation Consultant

The Compensation Committee directly engages and retains the services of an independent compensation consultant, Arnosti Consulting, Inc., or Arnosti. During 2021, at the request of the Compensation Committee, Arnosti assisted the Compensation Committee in evaluating the compensation arrangements for the named executive officers and the Board (including the design and negotiation of the new employment agreements with certain of the named executive officers), as well as in the preparation and analysis of comparative compensation data.

The Company pays the cost for Arnosti’s services. However, the Compensation Committee retains the sole authority to engage, direct or terminate Arnosti’s services. In 2021, the Compensation Committee considered and assessed Arnosti’s independence, plus all relevant factors, including but not limited to, those set forth in Rule 10C-1(b)(4)(i) through (vi) under the Exchange Act, that could give rise to a potential conflict of interest with respect to Arnosti’s work. Based on this review, we are not aware of any conflict of interest that has been raised by the work performed by Arnosti.

Elements of Executive Compensation

In General. The executive team’s performance for overall compensation evaluation purposes is measured effectively on a “look back” basis considering predefined corporate goals and objectives, which include metrics of key programmatic achievements (for example, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing, process development and core capability advancement), business development objectives, and operational and financial performance (for example, capital acquisition and management), among others. Each executive’s performance is evaluated based on the Company’s performance as a whole and through the evaluation of individual performance against goals and objectives relevant to his or her area of responsibility.

In general, we use comparative pay data as a market check on our proposed compensation decisions, but do not mandate target ranges for our named executive officers’ salaries (or any other compensation elements) as compared to peers. We recognize that over-reliance on external comparisons can be of concern. As a result, we use external comparisons as a point of reference in our compensation-setting process, and we are mindful of the value and limitations of comparative data.

Our peer group for 2021 consists of twenty companies with a similar stage of development. These companies are Abeona Therapeutics, Inc., Akebia Therapeutics, Inc., AnaptysBio Inc., Ardelyx, Inc., AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Calithera Biosciences, Inc., Chimerix Inc., Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Eiger Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Epizyme, Inc., Geron Corp., Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sesen Bio, Inc., Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tyme Technologies, Inc., Verastem Inc., Veru Inc., and Ziopharm Oncology, Inc.

The changes to our peer group from 2020 consist of the following: we added Eiger Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sesen Bio, Inc., Tyme Technologies, Inc., and Veru Inc.; and we removed Agenus, Inc., Cytokinetics, Inc., Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Immune Design Corp., and MacroGenics, Inc. These changes were based upon a revised analysis prepared by Arnosti, and we believe that the revised peer group better reflects companies in our industry at a similar stage of development.

2021 Base Salary. We pay base salaries to provide executive officers with a competitive level of compensation for performing the core responsibilities of their roles. We establish base salaries for our executives based on the scope of their responsibilities, taking generally into consideration competitive market compensation paid by other companies for similar positions and peer group pay information, as described above. Base salaries are reviewed annually, with adjustments based specifically on the individual’s responsibilities.

The Compensation Committee approved increases in the base salary of each of the named executive officers, other than Dr. Van Bokkelen, for 2021 as compared to 2020 based on Company and individual performance for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increases, effective as of January 1, 2022, were as follows: Mr. Lehmann – 2.0% from $444,594; Dr. Harrington – 2.5% from $442,231; Mr. Macleod – 3.0% from $410,000; and Ms. Campbell – 2.5% from $305,279. During 2021, Mr. Lehmann received a supplemental base salary of $10,000 per month while serving as our Interim Chief Executive Officer. For

more information, refer to the disclosure under “Employment Agreements and Arrangements.”

2021 Cash Incentive Compensation. When appropriate, we reward our named executive officers with performance-related cash compensation. We utilize annual incentive compensation to reward officers and other employees for achieving, on a discretionary “look back” basis, corporate objectives and for meeting individual annual performance objectives. These objectives relate generally to strategic factors, including advancement of our product candidates, manufacturing and process development activities, establishment and maintenance of key strategic relationships, and financial factors, including raising capital and cash management. As described above, target bonuses are generally compared to our peer companies for overall reasonableness.

The Compensation Committee approved a cash incentive compensation program for the year ended December 31, 2021 for our named executive officers other than Dr. Van Bokkelen. Under the 2021 incentive program, each participant was eligible to earn a target incentive compensation payment of a specified percentage of the named executive officer’s base salary rate during the award term, weighted on the achievement of specific corporate goals, with the remainder based on individual/functional performance, as set forth in the following table. The weighting on corporate versus individual/functional performance is based on the relative impact on overall corporate goals and the emphasis and incentives toward departmental performance.


		Weighting
	Target Amount (as a percentage of 2021 base salary rate)	Corporate Goals	Individual/Functional Performance
Mr. Lehmann	60%	100%	—%
Dr. Harrington	45%	80%	20%
Mr. Macleod	40%	80%	20%
Ms. Campbell	35%	60%	40%

The evaluation of goal achievement is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee or the Board based on input from the Chief Executive Officer (with respect to the named executive officers other than the Chief Executive Officer). The material 2021 corporate goals consisted of advancing the Company’s clinical programs for MultiStem and manufacturing process development initiatives, executing against the established operating plan and capital acquisition objectives. Individual/functional goals were based on the named executive officer’s scope of responsibility and are closely related to the corporate goals. Attainment of individual/functional goals was evaluated as part of the annual performance appraisal process.

We do not disclose the specific corporate or individual/functional goals for our 2021 incentive compensation program. While the overall amount of incentive compensation is linked to predetermined metrics, the Compensation Committee or the Board has the discretion to adjust any amount ultimately paid under our annual incentive program after good faith consideration of executive officer performance, overall Company performance, market conditions and cash availability. We also do not have a formally adopted plan document for the 2021 incentive program, although the Compensation Committee approved

the specific corporate goals, target compensation levels and weightings between corporate and individual/functional performance. As a result, we view any payments under our annual cash incentive program as discretionary bonuses as opposed to typical non-equity incentive plan compensation.

As demonstrated in the following table, the Board, based on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, determined that each of the named executive officers listed below would be entitled to a payment under the 2021 cash incentive program as a result of individual performance and the achievement of operational and strategic goals in 2021, as described above. Ms. Campbell did not receive a 2021 bonus payment due to her mid-year retirement. The resulting payments of incentive compensation based on a percentage of such officers’ 2021 base salaries were as follows:


	Target Amount (as a percentage of 2021 base salary rate)	Actual Amount (as a percentage of 2021 base salary rate)	Cash Incentive Compensation Paid ($)
Mr. Lehmann	60%	36%	$201,055
Dr. Harrington	45%	30%	$134,626
Mr. Macleod	40%	25%	$104,730

2019 Long-Term Incentive Program. Our equity compensation plan authorizes us to grant, among other types of awards, options, restricted stock and RSUs to our employees, Directors and consultants. We believe that we encourage superior long-term performance by our executive officers and employees through encouraging them to own, and assisting them with the acquisition of, our Common Stock. Our equity compensation plan provides our employees, including named executive officers, with incentives to help align their interests with the interests of our stockholders. We believe that the use of Common Stock and stock-based awards offers the best approach to achieving our objective of aligning management and stockholder interests, which we believe motivates our named executive officers to create and enhance stockholder value.

In 2021, we awarded RSUs and stock options to our employees, including the named executive officers. We expect to continue to use equity-based awards as a long-term incentive vehicle because we believe:

•equity-based awards align the interests of our executives with those of our stockholders, support a Pay For Performance culture, foster an employee stock ownership culture and focus the management team on increasing value for our stockholders;

•equity-based awards have the potential to increase in value based on our performance and the growth of our stock price;

•equity-based awards help to provide a balance to the overall executive compensation program because, while base salary and our discretionary incentive compensation program focus on short-term performance, equity-based awards that vest over time reward increases in stockholder value over the longer-term; and

•the vesting period of equity-based awards encourages executive retention and efforts to preserve stockholder value.

In 2021, we granted, in the aggregate, stock options to purchase 2,500,000 shares of our Common Stock and 399,999 RSUs to our named executive officers. Equity awards are tied to factors such as performance, peer and market analysis and the total equity ownership level of each named executive officer and further enhance the retention and long-term stock ownership features of our equity incentive program. In subjectively determining the number of stock-based awards to be granted to named executive officers, we review annually our named executive officers’ equity ownership positions, and we take into account the individual’s scope of responsibility, ability to affect results and stockholder value, anticipated future contributions to increases in stockholder value and the value of equity-based awards in relation to other elements of the individual named executive officer’s total compensation, with an emphasis on scope of responsibility, results and stockholder value. We also review competitive compensation data as described above, an assessment of individual performance, a review of each named executive officer’s existing long-term incentives, retention considerations and a subjective determination of the individual’s potential to positively impact future stockholder value. The form and amount of our annual equity-based awards are compared to our peer companies for reasonableness. Equity-based awards are granted from time to time by the Compensation Committee or the Board, with input from Arnosti, as appropriate. Typically, our annual awards vest quarterly over a four-year period.

On February 26, 2021, we entered into retention agreements with each of Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell. The retention agreements were entered into in connection with a leadership transition at the Company to maintain continuity during the search for a new Chief Executive Officer and to ensure we were retaining critical executives during a period of uncertainty for the Company. Additionally, we entered into the retention agreements to account for additional responsibilities taken on by these executives during this time of Company transition. Each retention agreement provides for a cash retention award (discussed further below) and a stock option award (referred to as the retention stock options). The retention stock options were granted on March 1, 2021 at an exercise price of $2.17 per share. Each retention stock option vested as to one-third on May 1, 2022, and the remaining two-thirds are scheduled to vest on May 1, 2023, subject to the applicable officer’s continued service with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Vesting of the retention stock options was (or would be) accelerated upon termination of employment without cause. The retention stock options are set forth in the table below. Ms. Campbell forfeited both her retention stock options and her cash retention award as a result of her mid-year retirement.

The stock option (other than retention stock options) and RSU awards set forth in the table below for Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington and Mr. Macleod were granted in June 2021 as part of our program for annual equity-based awards and vest quarterly over a four-year period (the stock options have an exercise price of $1.63 per share).


	Retention Stock Options	Annual Award – Stock Options	Annual Award – Restricted Stock Units
Mr. Lehmann	500,000	300,000	133,333
Dr. Harrington	750,000	300,000	133,333
Mr. Macleod	250,000	300,000	133,333
Ms. Campbell	100,000	—	—

In addition, in connection with Dr. Van Bokkelen’s termination of service in February 2021, the Board determined to accelerate the vesting of his then-unvested stock options as of the date the customary release of claims that Dr. Van Bokkelen executed in favor of the Company and its affiliates became irrevocable. These accelerated stock option awards will remain exercisable until the earlier of their original termination date or February 15, 2024. Mr. Lehmann’s, Dr. Harrington’s, and Mr. Macleod’s retention stock options became fully vested upon each such named executive officer’s termination of employment in connection with the Executive Transition.

2021 Cash Retention Awards. As part of the retention agreements entered into with each of Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell, the participating named executive officers each received a cash retention award opportunity in the following amounts: Mr. Lehmann, $286,743; Dr. Harrington, $503,287; Mr. Macleod, $211,150; and Ms. Campbell, $156,456. Vesting of the cash retention award required continued service by the named executive officer through May 1, 2022, except in the case of Dr. Harrington whose award instead vests as follows: $50,000 after 30 days; $45,329 on September 1, 2021; $45,329 on January 1, 2022; $135,986 on May 1, 2022; and $226,643 on July 1, 2023. Vesting of the retention awards accelerated upon a termination without cause of the applicable named executive officer’s employment, subject to the named executive officer’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in the Company’s favor. As a result of her mid-year retirement, Ms. Campbell forfeited her cash retention award. The remaining unvested portion of Dr. Harrington’s cash retention award became fully vested upon his termination of employment in connection with the Executive Transition.

2021 Retirement and Insurance Benefits. Consistent with our compensation philosophy, we maintain benefits for our named executive officers and our employees, including medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance coverage and the ability to contribute to a 401(k) retirement plan, which includes a Company contribution. The named executive officers and other employees have the ability to participate in these benefits at generally the same levels. We make employer contributions to our 401(k) retirement plan based on a defined formula. We provide such retirement and health insurance benefits to our employees to attract and retain qualified personnel.

During 2021, Dr. Van Bokkelen, Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell also received Company-paid premiums for life insurance benefits in the amounts of $2.0 million for Mr. Lehmann and Dr. Harrington, and $1.0 million for Dr. Van Bokkelen, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell. These additional life insurance policies were provided to these officers due to their extensive travel requirements and/or contributions to the Company.

Severance Arrangements

See the disclosure under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” for more information about severance arrangements with our named executive officers, as well as the severance compensation and benefits actually provided to Dr. Van Bokkelen in connection with his termination of employment in February 2021. We provide such severance arrangements to help ensure that our executives will focus on the best interests of the business at all times, without undue concern for their own financial security.

Employment Agreements and Arrangements

We believe that entering into employment agreements with each of our named executive officers is necessary for us to attract and retain talented and experienced individuals for our senior level positions. In this way, the employment agreements help us meet the initial objective of our compensation program. Each agreement contains terms and arrangements that we agreed to through arms-length negotiation with our named executive officers. We view these employment agreements as reflecting the minimum level of compensation that our named executive officers require to remain employed with us, and thus the bedrock of our compensation program for our named executive officers. For more details of our employment agreements and arrangements effective in 2021 with our named executive officers, including the revisions reflected in the new employment agreements entered into with some of our named executive officers in December 2021, see the disclosure titled “Employment Agreements and Arrangements” under “Grants of Plan-Based Awards for 2021.”

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Effective June 15, 2021, our Board adopted stock ownership guidelines that align the interests of the named executive officers and our non-employee Directors, together referred to as the “Covered Persons,” with the Company’s stockholders by helping to ensure that the named executive officers and non-employee Directors acquire, over time, a meaningful personal investment in the Common Stock for which they are making managerial and oversight decisions. Under the guidelines, each Covered Person is expected to hold a minimum targeted level of Common Stock ownership. Each non-employee Director and named executive officer is expected to achieve the number of shares of Common Stock valued at a multiple of such person’s annual cash retainer or annual base salary, as the case may be, in the amounts listed below:


Position			Multiple of Annual Cash Retainer or Annual Base Salary
Non-Employee Director			3x
Chief Executive Officer			6x
Other Named Executive Officers			3x

The stock ownership guidelines provide that each Covered Person has five years from adoption of the guidelines (or for new appointees, from becoming a member of the Board or election as an executive officer) to comply with the guidelines. The Compensation Committee will assess compliance with the stock ownership guidelines at the end of each calendar year based on the average closing price for the Common Stock as reported by

NASDAQ for the immediately preceding 60 days. The Board or the Compensation Committee interpret the terms of the guidelines and may waive the application of the guidelines in the event of a Covered Person’s financial hardship or other special circumstances.

Clawback Policy

Effective in April 2021, our Board adopted a clawback policy that permits us to recoup incentive compensation paid to our current or former “officers” (for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act) in certain circumstances. Under this policy, if the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. federal securities laws, the Board may reasonably, and in good faith, determine that any culpable individual who received incentive-based compensation will be subject to reasonable efforts to recover all excessive incentive-based compensation. The Board may also direct the Company to use prompt and reasonable efforts to equitably adjust the amount of unpaid but notionally earned performance-based awards (plus any amount attributable to such awards). This policy allows for recovery for up to three fiscal years prior to (and including) the year in which the Board determines a triggering event has occurred. Recovery under the clawback policy is in addition to (but not duplicative of) any recoupment required or permitted by law, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

General Tax Deductibility of Executive Compensation

Under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, there is a limitation on tax deductions of any publicly-held corporation for individual compensation to certain current and former executive officers of such corporation such that only the first $1.0 million payable to each such executive is deductible by the Company in any taxable year. The Compensation Committee believes that the tax deduction limitation should not be permitted to compromise the Company’s ability to design and maintain executive compensation arrangements that will attract and retain the executive talent to compete successfully. Accordingly, achieving the desired flexibility in the design and delivery of compensation may result in compensation that in certain cases is not deductible for federal income tax purposes.

2021 SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table and narrative set forth certain information with respect to the compensation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 of our named executive officers, as applicable. Mr. Camardo and Ms. Hansen are not listed in the 2021 Summary Compensation Table as they did not join the Company until 2022. Mr. Lehmann’s employment terminated without cause on May 31, 2022, and the employment of Dr. Harrington and Mr. Macleod terminated without cause on June 30, 2022.


Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($)	Bonus ($)	Stock Awards (1) ($)	Option Awards (1) ($)	All Other Compensation (2) ($)	Total (3) ($)
Gil Van Bokkelen, Former Chief Executive Officer (4)	2021	72,847	—	—	9,169	797,252	879,268
	2020	579,800	107,843	669,666	1,474,947	33,695	2,865,951
	2019	567,875	—	404,562	590,216	34,000	1,596,653
William (BJ) Lehmann, Former President and Chief Operating Officer (5)	2021	553,486	201,055	217,333	991,500	19,883	1,983,257
	2020	444,594	69,623	382,666	745,110	19,385	1,661,378
	2019	435,450	—	202,294	295,116	16,500	949,360
John Harrington, Former Chief Scientific Officer and Executive Vice President (4)(6)	2021	453,287	229,955	217,333	1,332,750	23,428	2,256,753
	2020	442,231	69,253	382,666	891,989	23,373	1,809,512
	2019	433,135	—	202,294	295,116	20,700	951,245
Ivor Macleod, Former Chief Financial Officer	2021	422,300	104,730	217,333	650,250	22,835	1,417,448
	2020	377,410	60,352	—	520,800	115,108	1,073,670
Laura Campbell, Former Senior Vice President of Finance	2021	174,508	—	—	136,500	43,294	354,302
	2020	305,279	41,243	252,560	636,282	24,837	1,260,201
	2019	299,000	—	134,862	196,755	22,670	653,287

(1) The dollar amounts for 2021 for stock awards and option awards represent a valuation of the award on the grant date that vests over time and do not represent cash proceeds. The grant date fair values of RSUs and stock option awards are calculated in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or ASC 718. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note C to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The option awards include the valuation of both annual stock option awards and retention stock options. The valuation of the retention stock options for Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell were $682,500, $1,023,750, $341,250 and $136,500, respectively. Included in this amount for 2021, for Dr. Van Bokkelen, is the incremental fair value for stock option awards modified upon cessation of service.

(2) “All Other Compensation” includes for 2021 payments for 401(k) matching contributions from the Company, premiums for additional life insurance policies, contributions to health savings accounts (if applicable), and premiums for long-term disability plans for each named executive officer. Amounts other than perquisites and personal benefits over $10,000 for 2021 include 401(k) matching contributions for Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell in the amounts of $11,600, $12,200 and $12,200, respectively. For Dr. Van Bokkelen, “All Other Compensation” for 2021 also includes payments and benefits provided in connection with his separation agreement consisting of $530,393 in cash severance, a lump sum payment of $187,371 in lieu of notice of termination and certain foregone benefits and $70,351 for accrued vacation and reimbursement of legal fees. For Ms. Campbell, “All Other Compensation” for 2021 also includes $22,965 of consulting fees for services performed after her retirement from the Company.

(3) The total cash payments for all named executive officers (salary, bonus and other compensation (if applicable)) in the above table for 2021 represent less than half of the 2021 “Total” compensation column, although on an individual basis, for Dr. Van Bokkelen and Ms. Campbell this amount is approximately 100% and 61%, respectively, with the bulk of the remainder being the value ascribed to equity-based compensation. We believe that the equity-based compensation we provide to our named executive officers helps align their interests with the interests of our stockholders.

(4) Dr. Van Bokkelen, up until the time of his termination in February 2021, and Dr. Harrington also served as our Directors in 2021, 2020 and 2019 and did not receive any compensation for service as Directors.

(5) Mr. Lehmann’s salary for 2021 includes a supplemental base salary of $10,000 per month while he served as Interim Chief Executive Officer.

(6) The amount in the “Bonus” column for Dr. Harrington for 2021 includes the 2021 cash incentive program payment as well as a portion of his retention bonus equal to $95,329, which vested in and was paid in two installments in 2021.

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS FOR 2021

The following table sets forth plan-based equity awards granted to our named executive officers during 2021 under our equity compensation plans.


Name	Grant Date	Board Action Date	All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (#)	All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options (#)	Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards ($/sh)	Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($) (4)
Gil Van Bokkelen	February 15, 2021 (1)	February 15, 2021	—	—	—	9,169
William (BJ) Lehmann	June 11, 2021 (2)	June 11, 2021	133,333	—	—	217,333
	June 11, 2021 (3)	June 11, 2021	—	300,000	1.63	309,000
	March 1, 2021 (5)	February 26, 2021	—	500,000	2.17	682,500
John Harrington	June 11, 2021 (2)	June 11, 2021	133,333	—	—	217,333
	June 11, 2021 (3)	June 11, 2021	—	300,000	1.63	309,000
	March 1, 2021 (5)	February 26, 2021	—	750,000	2.17	1,023,750
Ivor Macleod	June 11, 2021 (2)	June 11, 2021	133,333	—	—	217,333
	June 11, 2021 (3)	June 11, 2021	—	300,000	1.63	309,000
	March 1, 2021 (5)	February 26, 2021	—	250,000	2.17	341,250
Laura Campbell	March 1, 2021 (5)	February 26, 2021	—	100,000	2.17	136,500

(1) Reflects the amount in 2021 of the incremental fair value to Dr. Van Bokkelen on the modification date for stock option awards modified upon his cessation of service on February 15, 2021.

(2) RSUs granted under our 2019 Plan.

(3) Options granted under our 2019 Plan.

(4) The amounts in this column represent the grant date fair value of the RSUs and stock option awards calculated in accordance with ASC 718.

(5) Retention stock options granted under our 2019 Plan. Ms. Campbell forfeited her retention stock options due to her mid-year retirement in 2021.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS

Dr. Gil Van Bokkelen. In 1998, we entered into a one-year employment agreement with Dr. Van Bokkelen to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer. The agreement automatically renewed for subsequent one-year terms on April 1 of each year unless either party gave notice of termination at least thirty days before the end of any term, and terminated in February 2021 upon Dr. Van Bokkelen’s cessation of service. Under the terms of the agreement, Dr. Van Bokkelen was entitled to a base salary and an annual discretionary incentive compensation payment. Dr. Van Bokkelen also entered into a non-competition and confidentiality agreement with us under which, during his employment and for a period of 18 months thereafter, he is restricted from, among other things, competing with us. In connection with Dr. Van Bokkelen’s termination of employment from the Company in February 2021, we entered into a separation letter with Dr. Van Bokkelen memorializing his actual severance compensation and benefits, which separation letter is also described below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.”

William (BJ) Lehmann, Jr. Effective December 31, 2021, we entered into a new agreement with Mr. Lehmann to serve as our President and Chief Operating Officer. Under

the terms of the agreement, during his employment, Mr. Lehmann was entitled to a base salary of $453,486 and was eligible to receive a discretionary annual incentive compensation payment at 45% of his base salary. Mr. Lehmann was eligible to participate in the Company’s annual stock-based award program as determined annually at the discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee. For more information about severance arrangements under the agreement, see the disclosure under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.” Mr. Lehmann is subject to customary restrictive covenants, including non-competition and non-solicitation obligations that remain in effect both during the employment term and for twelve months following termination of employment, as well as other customary restrictive covenants that remain in effect indefinitely, such as confidentiality provisions.

On February 26, 2021, Mr. Lehmann entered into a retention agreement to serve as Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which provided that he receive a supplemental base salary of $10,000 per month while serving as Interim Chief Executive Officer and his target discretionary annual incentive increase to 60% of the actual base salary he earned during 2021. Under the terms of the retention agreement, Mr. Lehmann was awarded a cash retention bonus opportunity in the amount of $286,743 and a special stock option grant on March 1, 2021, with respect to 500,000 shares of Common Stock. The retention bonus and one-third of the stock options vested on May 1, 2022 and the remaining stock options were generally scheduled to vest on May 1, 2023, subject to his continued employment with the Company (subject to earlier vesting on a termination of employment without “cause”). The unvested portion of Mr. Lehmann’s retention stock options became fully vested in 2022 upon his termination of employment in connection with the Executive Transition.

Dr. John J. Harrington. Effective December 31, 2021, we entered into a new agreement with Dr. Harrington to serve as our Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer. Under the terms of the agreement, during his employment, Dr. Harrington was entitled to a base salary of $453,287 and was eligible to receive a discretionary annual incentive compensation payment at 45% of his base salary with no minimum payment guaranteed. Dr. Harrington was eligible to participate in the Company’s annual stock-based award program as determined annually at the discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee. For more information about severance arrangements under the agreement, see the disclosure under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.” Dr. Harrington is subject to customary restrictive covenants, including non-competition and non-solicitation obligations that remain in effect both during the employment term and for twelve months following termination of employment, as well as other customary restrictive covenants that remain in effect indefinitely, such as confidentiality provisions.

On February 26, 2021, Dr. Harrington entered into a retention agreement. Under the terms of the retention agreement, Dr. Harrington was awarded a cash retention bonus opportunity in the amount of $503,287 and on March 1, 2021, he was awarded a special stock option grant with respect to 750,000 shares of Common Stock. The retention bonus generally vests in five installments with $50,000 vesting on March 28, 2021, $45,329 vesting on each of September 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022, $135,986 vesting on May 1, 2022, and $226,643 vesting on July 1, 2023, subject to his continued employment (and

subject to earlier vesting on a termination of employment without “cause”). One third of the stock options vested on May 1, 2022 and the remaining stock options were generally scheduled to vest on May 1, 2023, subject to his continued employment with the Company (subject to earlier vesting on a termination of employment without “cause”). The unvested portions of Dr. Harrington’s retention stock options and cash retention bonus became fully vested in 2022 upon his termination of employment in connection with the Executive Transition.

Ivor Macleod. Effective December 31, 2021, we entered into a new agreement with Mr. Macleod to serve as our Chief Financial Officer. Under the terms of the agreement, during his employment, Mr. Macleod was entitled to a base salary of $422,300 and was eligible to receive a discretionary annual incentive compensation payment at 40% of his base salary with no minimum payment guaranteed. Mr. Macleod was eligible to participate in the Company’s annual stock-based award program as determined annually at the discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee. For more information about severance arrangements under the agreement, see the disclosure under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.” Mr. Macleod is subject to customary restrictive covenants, including non-competition and non-solicitation obligations that remain in effect both during the employment term and for twelve months following termination of employment, as well as other customary restrictive covenants that remain in effect indefinitely, such as confidentiality provisions.

On February 26, 2021, Mr. Macleod entered into a retention agreement. Under the terms of the retention agreement, Mr. Macleod was awarded a cash retention bonus opportunity in the amount of $211,150 and on March 1, 2021, he was awarded a special stock option grant with respect to 250,000 shares of Common Stock. The retention bonus and one-third of the stock options vested on May 1, 2022 and the remaining stock options were generally scheduled to vest on May 1, 2023, subject to his continued employment with the Company (subject to earlier vesting in the case of a termination of employment without “cause”). The unvested portion of Mr. Macleod’s retention stock options became fully vested in 2022 upon his termination of employment in connection with the Executive Transition.

Laura K. Campbell. In 1998, we entered into a two-year employment agreement with Ms. Campbell to serve as Controller. The agreement automatically renewed for subsequent one-year terms on May 22 of each year unless either party gave notice of termination at least thirty days before the end of any term, and terminated in July 2021 upon Ms. Campbell’s retirement. Under the terms of the agreement, Ms. Campbell was entitled to a base salary and an annual discretionary incentive compensation payment. In connection with Ms. Campbell’s retirement in July 2021, she was paid all accrued salary and unpaid benefits at the time of her retirement.

On February 26, 2021, Ms. Campbell entered into a retention agreement. Under the terms of the retention agreement, Ms. Campbell was awarded a cash retention bonus opportunity in the amount of $156,456 and on March 1, 2021, she was awarded a special stock option grant with respect to 100,000 shares of Common Stock. The retention bonus and stock options were forfeited upon Ms. Campbell’s retirement in July 2021.

Equity Compensation Plans

We have an equity incentive plan (the 2019 Plan) that authorized an aggregate initial pool of approximately 18,500,000 shares of Common Stock for awards to employees, directors and consultants, of which 3,176,331 shares remained available for future issuance at December 31, 2021. The 2019 Plan authorizes the issuance of equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance shares and units, and other stock-based awards, which are used to attract and retain qualified employees, Directors and consultants. Equity awards are granted from time to time under the guidance and approval of the Compensation Committee or the Board. Typically, our new hire and annual awards to employees vest over a four-year period.

401(k) Plan

We have a tax-qualified employee savings and retirement plan, also known as a 401(k) plan, that covers all of our employees. Under our 401(k) plan, eligible employees may elect to reduce their current compensation by up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit, which was $19,500 in 2021 plus $6,500 for participants age 50 or older, and have the amount of the reduced compensation contributed to the 401(k) plan. The trustees of the 401(k) plan, at the direction of each participant, invest the assets of the 401(k) plan in designated investment options. We may make matching or profit-sharing contributions to the 401(k) plan in amounts to be determined by the Board. We made matching contributions to the 401(k) plan during fiscal year 2021 at a maximum rate of 100% of the first $3,000 of participant contributions, plus 40% of participant contributions in excess of $3,000 per participant, which amounted to approximately $572,000 in 2021. The 401(k) plan is intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code, so that contributions to the 401(k) plan and income earned on the 401(k) plan contributions are not taxable until withdrawn, and so that any contributions we make will be deductible when made.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT 2021 FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table sets forth outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers at December 31, 2021.


	Option Awards					Stock Awards
Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable	Option Exercise Price ($)	Option Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)		Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)
Gil Van Bokkelen (1)	525,000	—	2.87	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	587,280	—	1.55	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	350,400	—	2.31	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	500,000	—	1.46	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	500,000	—	2.19	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	180,752	—	1.28	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	207,680	—	1.65	February 15, 2024	(2)	—		—
	185,000	—	1.71	June 18, 2023	(2)	—		—
William (BJ) Lehmann	37,500	262,500	1.63	June 11, 2031	(2)	116,667	(5)	105,000	(8)
	—	500,000	2.17	March 1, 2031	(3)	—		—
	112,500	187,500	2.87	June 18, 2030	(2)	83,334	(6)	75,001	(8)
	183,530	110,118	1.55	June 12, 2029	(2)	48,942	(7)	44,048	(8)
	230,004	—	2.31	June 18, 2028	(2)	—		—
	361,200	—	1.46	June 7, 2027	(2)	—		—
	361,200	—	2.19	June 20, 2026	(2)	—		—
	107,680	—	1.28	June 24, 2025	(2)	—		—
	121,152	—	1.65	June 17, 2024	(2)	—		—
	115,000	—	1.71	June 18, 2023	(2)	—		—
John Harrington	37,500	262,500	1.63	June 11, 2031	(2)	116,667	(5)	105,000	(8)
	—	750,000	2.17	March 1, 2031	(3)	—		—
	112,500	187,500	2.87	June 18, 2030	(2)	83,334	(6)	75,001	(8)
	183,530	110,118	1.55	June 12, 2029	(2)	48,942	(7)	44,048	(8)
	225,000	—	2.31	June 18, 2028	(2)	—		—
	348,608	—	1.46	June 7, 2027	(2)	—		—
	348,608	—	2.19	June 20, 2026	(2)	—		—
	117,680	—	1.28	June 24, 2025	(2)	—		—
	121,152	—	1.65	June 17, 2024	(2)	—		—
	100,000	—	1.71	June 18, 2023	(2)	—		—
Ivor Macleod	37,500	262,500	1.63	June 11, 2031	(2)	116,667	(5)	105,000	(8)
	—	250,000	2.17	March 1, 2031	(3)	—		—
	262,500	337,500	1.36	January 31, 2030	(4)	—		—
Laura Campbell	49,500	—	2.87	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	97,888	—	1.55	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	120,000	—	2.31	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	194,000	—	1.46	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	158,208	—	2.19	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	50,000	—	1.84	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	100,384	—	1.28	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	103,840	—	1.65	July 21, 2023	(2)	—		—
	60,000	—	1.71	June 18, 2023	(2)	—		—

(1) Upon termination of employment, Dr. Van Bokkelen entered into a separation agreement, which provided for accelerated vesting of his outstanding stock options, with stock options remaining exercisable until the earlier of February 15, 2024 or the expiration of the original term of the stock option.

(2) Options have a ten-year term and generally vest ratably over four years following the grant date (which grant date is 10 years prior to the applicable expiration date provided in the table) on a quarterly basis.

(3) One-third of the retention stock options granted pursuant to the retention agreements vested on May 1, 2022, and the remaining stock options are scheduled to vest on May 1, 2023, subject to the applicable named executive officer’s continued employment with the Company (and subject to earlier vesting in the case of a termination of employment without “cause” as defined in the applicable retention agreement).

(4) Inducement award has a ten-year term, and options with respect to 150,000 shares vested on January 31, 2021 and the remainder of the option vests quarterly over the following three years in equal installments.

(5) The stock awards reflected in this column consist of RSUs granted on June 11, 2021, which generally vest over four years on a quarterly basis.

(6) The stock awards reflected in this column consist of RSUs granted on June 18, 2020, which generally vest over four years on a quarterly basis.

(7) The stock awards reflected in this column consist of RSUs granted on June 12, 2019, which generally vest over four years on a quarterly basis.

(8) Value is based on the closing price of our Common Stock of $0.90 on December 31, 2021, as reported on NASDAQ.

2021 OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED

The following table provides information on all option awards exercised by, and stock awards vested for (and the value realized upon exercise or vesting, as applicable), the named executive officers during fiscal year 2021.


	Option Awards		Stock Awards
Name	Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)	Value Realized on Exercise (1)($)	Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#)	Value Realized on Vesting (2)($)
Gil Van Bokkelen			420,023	915,650
William (BJ) Lehmann	10,000	—	118,077	181,067
John Harrington			117,051	179,271
Ivor Macleod			16,666	20,582
Laura Campbell			62,402	70,920

(1) The stock option awards exercised had no value as the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the market price of the stock options.

(2) The value realized upon vesting of these RSUs is the product of multiplying the number of shares of Common Stock paid in settlement of the vested RSUs by the market value of such shares on the vesting date. It does not represent cash proceeds to the employee.

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE IN CONTROL

Under their employment agreements in effect on December 31, 2021 and outstanding equity awards held as of that date, the then-continuing named executive officers were entitled to certain potential payments or benefits upon termination of employment. Under the named executive officers’ employment agreements in effect on December 31, 2021, each named executive officer was eligible to receive severance benefits (subject to execution of a general release of claims against the Company and compliance with the restrictive covenant obligations set forth in each named executive officer’s employment

agreement as described in the “Employment Agreement and Arrangements” section above) upon certain qualifying terminations of employment, including termination of the officer’s employment by the Company without “cause” or by the respective officer for “good reason” (as such terms are defined in the employment agreements). In general, the severance benefits consist of: (1) for a qualifying termination not within twelve months after a “change in control” of the Company (as defined in the employment agreements), certain accrued obligations, plus twelve months of salary continuation (eighteen months for Dr. Harrington) and (subject to applicable enrollment) twelve months of COBRA premiums (eighteen months for Dr. Harrington); and (2) for a qualifying termination within twelve months after such change in control, certain accrued obligations, twelve months of salary continuation (eighteen months for Dr. Harrington), one times the officer’s target annual cash incentive opportunity for the year of termination (one and a half times for Dr. Harrington), a pro-rata payment under the annual cash incentive program for the year of termination based on actual achievement, and (subject to applicable enrollment) twelve months of COBRA premiums (eighteen months for Dr. Harrington). The termination of the employment of Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, and Mr. Macleod as part of the Executive Transition will in each case constitute a termination without “cause” for purposes of the applicable employment agreement.

The term “change in control” is defined in the then-continuing named executive officers’ employment agreements. With respect to the termination provisions applicable to the then-continuing named executive officers’ equity awards, the term “change in control” is defined in the 2019 Plan or the applicable award agreement. Upon a change in control, or if the named executive officer should die or become permanently disabled, all unvested stock options and unvested RSUs become immediately vested and exercisable. Unvested RSUs also vest in the event of a termination without cause. As of December 31, 2021, each of the named executive officers held unvested stock options and RSUs, as reflected in the Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year-End table above.

In the event that an executive officer’s employment is terminated for cause or as a result of death, we would be obligated to pay full base salary and other benefits, including any unpaid expense reimbursements, through the date of termination, and would have no further obligations to the executive officer (other than with respect to equity award vesting as described above). In the event that an executive officer is unable to perform duties as a result of a disability, in addition to the equity award vesting described above, we would be obligated to pay full base salary and other benefits until employment is terminated.

The table below reflects the amount of compensation payable to each named executive officer (other than Dr. Van Bokkelen who was terminated in February 2021 and Ms. Campbell who retired in July 2021) in the event of a change in control and/or termination of such executive’s employment in the circumstances described, pursuant to such executive’s employment agreement and the terms of outstanding equity awards. The amounts shown assume that such termination and/or change in control was effective as of December 31, 2021 and thus includes amounts earned through such time and are estimates of the amounts that would be paid out to executives upon such a termination of employment and change in control, or termination of employment, as the case may be.


	Executive Benefit and Payments	Termination Without Cause or Voluntary For Good Reason ($)	Death/Disability ($)	Change In Control ($)
William (BJ) Lehmann	Cash Severance Payment	453,486	—	657,555
	Continuation of Benefits	31,604	—	31,604
	Accelerated Vesting of Options (A)	—	—	—
	Accelerated Vesting of RSUs (B)	224,049	224,049	224,049
	Total	709,139	224,049	913,208
John Harrington	Cash Severance Payment	679,931	—	985,899
	Continuation of Benefits	47,406	—	47,406
	Accelerated Vesting of Options (A)	—	—	—
	Accelerated Vesting of RSUs (B)	224,049	224,049	224,049
	Total	951,386	224,049	1,257,354
Ivor Macleod	Cash Severance Payment	422,300	—	591,220
	Continuation of Benefits	20,217	—	20,217
	Accelerated Vesting of Options (A)	—	—	—
	Accelerated Vesting of RSUs (B)	105,000	105,000	105,000
	Total	547,517	105,000	716,437
	Total	2,208,042	553,098	2,886,999

(A) Based on the closing price of our Common Stock of $0.90 on December 31, 2021, as reported on NASDAQ, and only includes value for unvested stock options that were “in-the-money.”

(B) Value of accelerated vesting of RSUs is based on the closing price of our Common Stock of $0.90 on December 31, 2021, as reported on NASDAQ.

Mr. Lehmann’s employment terminated without cause on May 31, 2022 and he is generally entitled to receive the compensation and benefits for such termination (and such termination date) substantially as described above. Dr. Harrington’s and Mr. Macleod’s employment terminated without cause on June 30, 2022 and they are generally entitled to receive the compensation and benefits for such termination (and such termination date) substantially as described above.

Separation Payments to Dr. Van Bokkelen

On February 15, 2021, Dr. Van Bokkelen experienced a termination of employment with the Company and entered into a separation letter agreement, or the Separation Letter, which (1) confirmed that his cessation of employment constituted a termination by Athersys other than for “cause” under his employment agreement, entitling him to severance payments and benefits thereunder with an aggregate value of $962,162, payable in installments over an 18-month period, and eliminated his obligation to seek other employment in mitigation of the severance payments and benefits, (2) provided for a lump sum payment of $187,371 in lieu of notice under the employment agreement and certain foregone benefits, (3) provided for a lump sum payment of $70,351 for accrued vacation and reimbursement of certain legal fees, (4) provided for accelerated vesting of his outstanding restricted stock units (valued at $915,650) and stock options (valued at $276,241), with stock options remaining exercisable until the earlier of February 15, 2024 or the expiration of the original term of the stock option, and (5) contained a customary release of claims against Athersys and its affiliates from Dr. Van Bokkelen. Pursuant to the Separation Letter, the obligations under the Non-Competition and Confidentiality

Agreement, dated as of December 1, 1998 between Dr. Van Bokkelen and Athersys, will remain in effect according to its terms.

On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into retention agreements with Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Harrington, Mr. Macleod and Ms. Campbell. The terms of these agreements are disclosed in “Employment Agreements and Arrangements” under “Grants of Plan-Based Awards for 2021.”

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION FOR 2021

Our non-employee Directors receive annual cash compensation retainers as set forth below:


Board Member	$	40,000
Chairperson — Independent Director, if applicable	$	35,000
Lead Director, if applicable	$	25,000
Audit Committee — Chairman	$	20,000
Audit Committee — Member	$	9,000
Compensation Committee — Chairman	$	15,000
Compensation Committee — Member	$	7,000
Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee — Chairman	$	10,000
Nominations, Governance and Compliance Committee — Member	$	5,000

These annual retainers are paid in quarterly installments and Directors are reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred while attending Board and committee meetings. Pursuant to the 2019 Plan, in no event will any non-employee Director in any one calendar year be granted (1) awards under the 2019 Plan, in the aggregate, with respect to more than 150,000 shares of Common Stock, plus (2) other compensation for such service in excess of $150,000 in cash.

Under our 2021 Director compensation program for non-employee Directors, newly appointed Directors receive an initial stock option grant to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock at fair market value on the date of grant, which option award generally vests at a rate of one-third per year, with cliff vesting in year one and quarterly vesting in years two and three. Thereafter, the non-employee Directors receive annually an option award to purchase 50,000 shares of our Common Stock at fair market value on the date of grant, which option award generally vests quarterly over a one-year period, with such anniversary awards generally issued in June of each year in connection with our annual stockholder meeting. A Director’s award has a term of ten years and, upon the termination of the Director’s service, the Director has from eighteen months up to thirty months (depending on the Director’s tenure) in which to exercise the vested portion of the Director’s options prior to forfeiture; but, in no event will the option be exercisable beyond the original 10-year term.

In September 2021, based on input from our independent external advisors and benchmarking, our Director compensation program was revised to include compensation for all non-employee Directors, regardless of whether they are deemed independent. Based on this revision, Mr. Traub and Dr. Kagimoto were each paid a prorated amount of third quarter fees (beginning on September 22, 2021 and thereafter) and fourth quarter fees for 2021 under the revised program. The revised Director compensation program also provides that (1) non-employee Directors who are not independent, such as Dr. Kagimoto and Mr. Traub, would be entitled to receive the same annual grant of options as the other non-employee Board members, and (2) new Directors will only receive the initial option grant to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock in his or her first calendar year of Board service and the annual grant the following years thereafter.

The following table summarizes compensation of our non-employee Directors in 2021:


Name(a)	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)(1)	Option Awards ($)(2)	Total ($)
Hardy TS Kagimoto	10,978