DEF 14A

DEF 14A 1 d823525ddef14a.htm DEF 14A DEF 14A

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant ☑ Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐

Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐

Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

☑

Definitive Proxy Statement

☐

Definitive Additional Materials

☐

Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12

GRAHAM CORPORATION

(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):



☑		No fee required.

☐		Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

☐		Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

LOGO

Graham Corporation is a global leader in the design and manufacture of mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the defense, space, energy and process industries. The Graham Manufacturing, Barber-Nichols, and P3 Technologies global brands are built upon world-renowned engineering expertise in vacuum, heat transfer, cryogenic pumps and turbomachinery technologies, as well as its responsive and flexible service and the unsurpassed quality customers have come to expect from our products and systems. Our core strengths include:

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our value-enhancing engineering sales and product development platform

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our strong capabilities to handle complex, custom orders

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a responsive, flexible production environment

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our capability to manage outsourced production

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robust technical support

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our highly trained workforce

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our capability to manufacture to tight tolerances

LOGO

Notice of Annual Meeting

of Stockholders

Meeting Details:

Meeting Business

The principal business of the 2024 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual
Meeting”), as described in the
accompanying proxy materials will be:

(1) Election of two director nominees;

(2) To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers;

(3) To ratify the appointment of Deloitte
& Touche LLP as our independent
registered public accounting firm for the
fiscal year ending March 31, 2025; and

(4) To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual
Meeting or any adjournment or
postponement thereof.

LOGO

Date:

Tuesday, August 20, 2024

LOGO

Place:

www.proxydocs.com/GHM

In order to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, you must register in advance at www.proxydocs.com/GHM. Upon completing your registration, you will receive further instructions via email, including your unique link that will allow you access to the meeting and will also permit you to vote and submit questions at the meeting. There will not be a physical meeting location and you will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

LOGO

Time:

9:00 a.m.

Eastern Time

LOGO

Record Date:

June 21, 2024

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 20, 2024:

The Notice of Annual Meeting, Proxy Statement and the Annual Report are available at www.proxydocs.com/GHM

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

LOGO

Christopher J. Thome

Vice President – Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Secretary

Dated: July 8, 2024

Vote Your Shares

How to Vote

Your vote is very important, and we hope that you will participate in the Annual Meeting. You are eligible to vote if you were a stockholder of record at the close of business on June 21, 2024. In order to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, you must register in advance at www.proxydocs.com/GHM. Upon completing your registration, you will receive further instructions via email, including your unique link that will allow you access to the meeting. Please read the proxy statement and vote right away using any of the following methods.

Stockholders of Record:

Vote By Internet Before or During the Meeting

Visit: www.proxypush.com/GHM and follow the instructions

Vote By Telephone

Call 1-866-256-0715 and follow the instructions

Vote By Mail

Sign, date, and return your proxy card, if you received one, using the enclosed envelope

Beneficial Stockholders:

If you are a beneficial stockholder, you will receive instructions from your brokerage firm, bank, broker-dealer, nominee, custodian, fiduciary or other nominee that you must follow in order for your shares to be voted. Your broker may not vote your shares for director nominees or on the advisory vote on executive compensation unless you provide your broker with voting instructions.

Table of Contents


PROXY STATEMENT	General Information	1

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE ANNUALMEETING		3

PROPOSAL ONE: ELECTION OFDIRECTORS	Board Recommendation	8
	Nominees Proposed for Election as Directors at the Annual Meeting	8
	Directors Whose Terms Expire at the Annual Meeting	9
	Directors Whose Terms do not Expire at the Annual Meeting	9

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	Director Independence	11
	Board Leadership Structure	11
	Committees and Meetings of the Board; Meeting Attendance	11
	Corporate Governance Guidelines	14
	Political Contribution Policy Statement	14
	Board Policy on Stockholder Rights Plans	14
	The Board’s Role in Risk Oversight	14
	Communications from Stockholders and other Interested Parties	14

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MATTERS	Commitment to Sustainability	15

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS		19

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	Compensation Discussion and Analysis	20
	Risk Considerations in our Compensation Programs	31
	Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table	32
	Fiscal Year 2024 Grants of Plan-Based Awards	33
	Employment Agreements	33
	Outstanding Equity Awards at March 31, 2024	36
	Fiscal Year 2024 Stock Vested	37
	Pension Benefits at March 31, 2024	37
	Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control	39
	Estimated Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control	43
	Pay Versus Performance	44

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION	Director Compensation Programs	47
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION	Fiscal Year 2024 Director Compensation Table	48

PROPOSAL TWO: ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF OURNAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS	Board Recommendation	49

PROPOSAL THREE: RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM	Board Recommendation	50
	Fees Paid to Deloitte & Touche LLP	50



REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE		51

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS	Policies and Procedures for Review, Approval or Ratification of Related Person Transactions	52



SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIALOWNERS		53

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT		54

DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS		55

2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS	Shareholder Proposals for Inclusion in the Proxy Materials for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders	55
	Shareholder Proposals for Consideration at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, but not for Inclusion in the Proxy Materials	55
	Stockholder Nominations of Directors	55

OTHERMATTERS		57

APPENDIX A - RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURE		A-1

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this proxy statement contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are identified by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “opportunities,” “will,” “may,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “strives,” “continues,” “encourage,” and other similar words. All statements addressing operating performance, events, or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including but not limited to our growth, diversification strategy, markets, returns and solutions, financial flexibility, and our ability to achieve our operating priorities are forward-looking statements and should be evaluated in light of important risk factors and uncertainties. These risk factors and uncertainties are more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should any of our underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those currently anticipated. In addition, undue reliance should not be placed on our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and speak only as of the date made, and except as required by law, Graham Corporation disclaims any obligation to update or publicly announce any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.

NOTE ABOUT OUR WEBSITES AND REPORTS: None of the statements on our websites or reports referenced or discussed in this proxy statement, are deemed to be part of, or incorporated by reference into, this proxy statement. The statements and reports may also change at any time and we undertake no obligation to update them, except as required by law. We have not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement the information included, or that can be accessed through, our website and you should not consider it to be part of this proxy statement.

Proxy Statement Summary • The Annual Meeting

Proxy Statement Summary

To assist you in reviewing the proposals to be considered and voted upon at our annual meeting of stockholders to be held on August 20, 2024 (the “Annual Meeting”), we have summarized information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement or in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”). This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider about Graham Corporation (the “Company”) and the proposals being submitted to stockholders at the Annual Meeting. We encourage you to read the entire proxy statement and Annual Report carefully before voting.

The Annual Meeting


Date and Time:		Tuesday, August 20, 2024, 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time

Location:		Online via: www.proxydocs.com/GHM

Record Date:		June 21, 2024

In order to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, you must register at www.proxydocs.com/GHM in advance. Upon completing your registration, you will receive further instructions via email, including your unique link that will allow you access to the meeting and will also permit you to vote and submit questions at the meeting. There will not be a physical meeting location and you will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

Meeting Agenda and Voting Matters



Item	Proposal	Board Vote Recommendation	Page Reference (for more information)

1	Election of two director nominees named in this proxy statement	FOR each nominee	8

2	To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers	FOR	49

3	Ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025	FOR	50

Directors and Nominees


Name	Age	Recent Professional Experience	Board Committees

James J. Barber, Ph.D.*	70	Independent Consultant and Principal of Barber Advisors, LLC	AC, CC**, NCGC

Alan Fortier*	67	President of Fortier & Associates, Inc.	CC, NCGC

Cari L. Jaroslawsky*	55	Founder and President of Compliance Right, LLC	AC, NCGC**

Jonathan W. Painter*	65	Chair of the Company’s Board; Chair of Kadant Inc.	AC, CC

Lisa M. Schnorr*◆	58	Former Senior Vice President and Project Lead, Digital Enablement for Constellation Brands, Inc.	AC**, CC

Troy A. Stoner*	60	Senior Director, Electronic Systems, Maritime & Intelligence Systems, Space Intelligence & Weapons Systems division of Boeing Defense, Space and Security	CC, NCGC

Daniel J. Thoren◆	61	Chief Executive Officer of the Company	—

* — Independent Director

^◆ — Director Nominee

** — Committee Chair

AC — Audit Committee

CC — Compensation Committee

NCGC — Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		1

Proxy Statement Summary • Our Business

Our Business

We are a global leader in the design and manufacture of mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the defense, space, energy and process industries. For the defense industry, our equipment is used in nuclear and non-nuclear propulsion, power, fluid transfer, and thermal management systems. For the space industry, our equipment is used in propulsion, power and energy management systems and for life support systems. We supply equipment for vacuum, heat transfer and fluid transfer applications used in energy and new energy markets including oil refining, cogeneration, and multiple alternative and clean power applications including hydrogen. For the chemical and petrochemical industries, our equipment is used in fertilizer, ethylene, methanol and downstream chemical facilities.

Our brands are built upon our engineering expertise and close customer collaboration to design, develop, and produce mission critical equipment and systems that enable our customers to meet their economic and operational objectives. Continual improvement of our processes and systems to ensure qualified and compliant equipment are hallmarks of our brands. Our early engagement with customers and support until the end of service life are values upon which our brands are built.

Director Skills and Attributes

We believe that our directors possess the requisite experience and skills necessary to carry out their duties and to serve our best interests and those of our stockholders.

LOGO



2		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

Why am I receiving these proxy materials?

These proxy materials are being furnished to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors (the “Board”) for the Annual Meeting to be held on Tuesday, August 20, 2024, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time, and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. The Annual Meeting will be conducted as a virtual meeting of stockholders by means of a live audio-only webcast. We believe that hosting a virtual meeting will enable greater stockholder participation from any location. There will not be a physical meeting location and you will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

We made our proxy materials available to stockholders via the Internet or in printed form if requested on or about July 8, 2024. Our proxy materials include the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice of Internet Availability”), the Notice of the Annual Meeting, this proxy statement and the Annual Report. If you requested and received paper copies of the proxy materials by mail, our proxy materials also include the proxy card. These proxy materials, other than the proxy card, can be accessed at www.proxydocs.com/GHM.

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) e-proxy rules allow companies to post their proxy materials on the Internet and provide only a Notice of Internet Availability to stockholders as an alternative to mailing full sets of proxy materials except upon request. Similar to last year, we have elected to use this notice and access model. Unless you previously indicated your preference to receive paper copies of our proxy statement and Annual Report, you should have received a Notice of Internet Availability. The Notice of Internet Availability includes information on how to access our proxy materials on the Internet, how to vote and how to request a paper or email copy of the proxy materials at no extra charge this year or on an ongoing basis.

What am I voting on?

At the Annual Meeting, you will vote upon:

(1)	the election of two director nominees identified in this proxy statement;

(2)	a proposal to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers; and

(3)	a proposal to ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.

Will there be any other items of business addressed at the Annual Meeting?

As of the date of this proxy statement, we are not aware of any other matter to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If any other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting, it is intended that the holders of the proxies will act in accordance with their best judgment.

What must I do if I want to participate in the Annual Meeting?

You can participate in the Annual Meeting so long as you register in advance to virtually attend the Annual Meeting at www.proxydocs.com/GHM. You will be asked to provide the control number located inside the shaded gray box on your Notice of Internet Availability or proxy card. After completion of your registration, further instructions, including a unique link to access the Annual Meeting, will be emailed to you. Please be sure to follow the instructions found on your Notice of Internet Availability, proxy card and/or voting instruction card and subsequent instructions that will be delivered to you via email.

By visiting www.proxydocs.com/GHM, pre-registering and then accessing the Annual Meeting as instructed, you will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting, vote your shares and ask questions during the meeting. However, if you do not comply with the procedures outlined above, you may not be admitted to the Annual Meeting.

As always, we encourage you to vote your shares prior to the Annual Meeting. This proxy statement furnishes you with the information you need in order to vote, whether or not you participate in the Annual Meeting.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		3

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

Who may vote and how many shares can be cast?

If you owned shares of our common stock at the close of business on June 21, 2024, which is the record date for the Annual Meeting, then you are entitled to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting. At the close of business on the record date, we had 10,870,564 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Each share is entitled to one vote on each proposal.

How do I vote?

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name. If on the record date, your shares of our common stock were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, then you are a stockholder of record and your shares will be voted as you indicate. If you are a stockholder of record, there are four ways to vote:

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By Internet at www.proxypush.com/GHM. We encourage you to vote this way.

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By touch tone telephone: call toll-free at 1-866-256-0715.

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By completing and mailing your proxy card (if you have requested and received a printed copy of the proxy materials).

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By voting during the Annual Meeting before the polls close: To be admitted to the Annual Meeting and vote your shares, you must register and provide the control number as described in the Notice of Internet Availability or proxy card. After completion of your registration, further instructions, including a unique link to access the Annual Meeting, will be emailed to you.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to virtually attend the meeting, we urge you to vote to ensure your vote is counted. You may still virtually attend and vote during the meeting if you have already voted by proxy. Only the latest vote you properly submit will be counted.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of Broker or Bank. If on the record date, your shares of our common stock were held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer or other similar organization, which we collectively refer to as a broker, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and these proxy materials are being made available to you by that organization along with a voting instruction card. As a beneficial owner, you must vote your shares in the manner prescribed by your broker. Your broker has enclosed or otherwise provided a voting instruction card for you to use in directing the broker how to vote your shares. Your shares will be voted as you indicate. Check the voting instruction card used by that organization to see if it offers Internet or telephone voting.

If you hold your shares in street name, you will receive instructions from your broker, bank or nominee that you must follow in order to submit your voting instructions and have your shares voted at the Annual Meeting. If you want to vote in person virtually at the Annual Meeting, you must register in advance at www.proxydocs.com/GHM. You may be instructed to obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee and to submit a copy in advance of the meeting. Further instructions will be provided to you as part of your registration process.

Even if you plan to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, we recommend that you submit your proxy or voting instructions in advance of the Annual Meeting as described above so that your vote will be counted if you later decide not to attend or are unable to attend the Annual Meeting.

What happens if I do not give specific voting instructions?

If you are a stockholder of record and you indicate when voting over the Internet or by telephone that you wish to vote as recommended by our Board or sign and return a proxy card without giving specific voting instructions, then the proxy holders will vote your shares in the manner recommended by our Board on all matters presented in this proxy statement and as the proxy holders may determine in their discretion with respect to any other matters properly presented for a vote at the Annual Meeting.

For a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, if a proposal is deemed “routine” and you do not give instructions to your broker or nominee, they may, but are not required to, vote your shares with respect to the proposal. If the proposal is deemed “non-routine” and you do not give instructions to your broker or nominee, they may not vote your



4		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

shares with respect to the proposal and the shares will be treated as broker non-votes. The determination of whether a proposal is “routine” or “non-routine” will be made by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) based on NYSE rules that regulate member brokerage firms. When our inspector of election tabulates the votes for any particular matter, broker non-votes will be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present, but may not otherwise be counted. We therefore encourage you to provide voting instructions on each proposal to the organization that holds your shares.

What constitutes a quorum for the Annual Meeting?

A quorum is required for our stockholders to conduct business at the Annual Meeting. Pursuant to our Amended and Restated By-laws (the “By-laws”), the holders of record of a majority of the shares of our common stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum. Abstentions, broker non-votes, and “withhold” votes for election of directors will be counted for the purpose of determining the existence of a quorum. If a quorum is not present, the Annual Meeting may be adjourned by the vote of a majority of the shares represented at the Annual Meeting until a quorum has been obtained.

What vote is required to approve each proposal and how does the Board recommend that I vote?

The vote required to approve each proposal, and the Board’s recommendation with respect to each proposal are described below:


Proposal Number	Proposal Description	Board Recommendation	Vote Required	Effect of Abstentions	Effect of Broker Non-Votes

One	Election of the two director nominees identified in this proxy statement	FOR each nominee	Plurality of the shares present, in person or by proxy, and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting⁽¹⁾	None	None

Two	To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers	FOR	Majority of the votes cast on the proposal⁽²⁾	None	None

Three	Ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025	FOR	Majority of the votes cast on the proposal⁽³⁾	None	N/A because this proposal is a matter on which brokers may vote

(1)

Our stockholders elect directors by a plurality vote, which means that the director nominees receiving the most votes will be elected. A vote to “withhold” will have no effect on the election of director nominees because the nominees who receive the highest number of “for” votes are elected, and since the nominees are running unopposed they only need a single “for” vote to be elected. However, our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that any nominee for director who receives a greater number of votes “withheld” from his or her election than “for” such election must tender his or her resignation for consideration by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will recommend to the Board the action to be taken with respect to such resignation.

(2)	The advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers is not binding upon our Board or the Compensation Committee of our Board. However, the Board and the Compensation Committee will consider the outcome of this vote when making future compensation decisions.

(3)	We are presenting the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP to our stockholders for ratification. The Audit Committee of our Board will consider the outcome of this vote in its future discussions regarding the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		5

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

How can I obtain a stockholder list?

A stockholder list will be available for examination by our stockholders during ordinary business hours throughout the ten-day period prior to the Annual Meeting at our principal executive offices at 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York 14020, and during the meeting via the virtual meeting site, for any purpose germane to the meeting.

Can I change or revoke my vote?

Your attendance at the Annual Meeting will not automatically revoke your proxy. However, if you are a stockholder of record you can change or revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted at the Annual Meeting by:

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timely voting again via the Internet or by telephone;

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delivering a timely written notice of revocation to our Corporate Secretary at Graham Corporation, 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York 14020;

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returning a timely, properly completed, later-dated proxy card to the address above; or

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attending the Annual Meeting and voting again.

Only your last, properly submitted, timely vote will count at the Annual Meeting.

If you are a street name holder, you must contact your broker to receive instructions as to how you may revoke your proxy instructions.

We encourage you to vote in advance of the Annual Meeting to ensure your vote is counted should you be unable to participate in the Annual Meeting. Stockholders who have pre-registered to attend the Annual Meeting and who have not voted their shares prior to the Annual Meeting or who wish to change their vote will be able to vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting while the polls are open. If you properly provide your proxy in time to be voted at the Annual Meeting, it will be voted as you specify unless it is properly revoked prior thereto. If you properly provide your proxy but do not include your voting specifications, the shares represented by the proxy will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of the Board, as described in this proxy statement.

Who is paying for this proxy solicitation?

This proxy solicitation is made by our Board on our behalf, and we will bear the cost of soliciting proxies. In addition to solicitation by mail, our directors, officers and employees may solicit proxies personally or by telephone or other means of communication. We will not compensate our directors, officers or employees for making proxy solicitations on our behalf. We will provide persons holding shares in their name or in the names of nominees, which in either case are beneficially owned by others, soliciting materials for delivery to those beneficial owners and will reimburse the record owners for their expenses in doing so.

Can I ask questions at the Annual Meeting?

If you registered in advance and attend the Annual Meeting, you may submit questions during the Annual Meeting. We encourage you to submit questions at www.proxydocs.com/GHM after logging in with your unique control number provided in connection with your pre-registration for the Annual Meeting.

We expect to respond to questions during the Annual Meeting that are pertinent to meeting matters as time permits. We may group together questions that are substantially similar to avoid repetition.

How can I find out the voting results of the Annual Meeting?

Preliminary voting results will be announced at the Annual Meeting. We will publish the voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K, which will be filed with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting.



6		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting

Where can I obtain additional information?

You can obtain, free of charge, a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (“fiscal year 2024”) by:

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accessing our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations”;

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writing to us at: Graham Corporation, Attention: Annual Report Request, 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York 14020; or

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telephoning us at (585) 343-2216.

You can also obtain a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and all other reports and information that we file with, or furnish to, the SEC from the SEC’s EDGAR database located at www.sec.gov.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		7

Proposal One: Election of Directors • Nominees Proposed for Election as Directors at the Annual Meeting

Proposal One:

Election of Directors

The Board currently consists of seven members which will be reduced to six following the Annual Meeting. Our By-laws provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes of directors, with each class serving a staggered three-year term. As a result, stockholders elect only a portion of our Board each year. The terms of three of our directors, Alan Fortier, Lisa M. Schnorr and Daniel Thoren, will expire at the Annual Meeting.

Upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Board has unanimously nominated Lisa M. Schnorr and Daniel Thoren for election as directors. If elected, each of Ms. Schnorr and Mr. Thoren will hold office for a three-year term expiring in 2027 or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Mr. Fortier’s service as a director will end at the Annual Meeting. Our Board does not contemplate that either of the nominees will be unable to serve as a director, but if that contingency should occur before the proxies are voted, the designated proxies reserve the right to vote for such substitute nominee(s) as they, in their discretion, determine. Our By-laws do not permit re-election after a director reaches the age of 75.

Board Recommendation

The Board unanimously recommends a vote FOR the election of each of Ms. Schnorr and Mr. Thoren as a director to serve for a three-year term expiring in 2027.

Nominees Proposed for Election as Directors at the Annual Meeting

Lisa M. Schnorr

Ms. Schnorr has served as a director since 2014. Before retiring in May 2021, she worked for Constellation Brands (NYSE: STZ), a Fortune 500 company and a leading international producer of beer, wine and spirits with operations in the U.S., Mexico, New Zealand and Italy. Ms. Schnorr joined Constellation Brands in 2004 and earned promotions through a series of positions with increasing responsibility, including Vice President of Compensation and HRIS (2011-2013), Senior Vice President of Total Rewards (2014-2015), Corporate Controller (2015-2017), Chief Financial Officer of the Wine & Spirits Division (2017-2019), and Senior Vice President and Project Lead of Digital Enablement (2019-2021). Before joining Constellation Brands, Ms. Schnorr held financial and accounting positions at various public and private companies and she began her career in 1987 at PricewaterhouseCoopers (formerly Price Waterhouse), all in Rochester, New York. Ms. Schnorr has been a member of the board of directors of Vintage Wine Estates (NASDAQ: VWE), since June 2021 where she serves as Chair of the Audit Committee and Warrior Met Coal (NYSE: HCC), since August 2022 where she serves as Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. She holds a B.S. degree in Accounting from the State University of New York at Oswego.

LOGO

Former Senior Vice President and
Project Lead, Digital Enablement for
Constellation Brands, Inc.

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

58 2014

TERM EXPIRES

2024

COMMITTEES

▶ Audit (Chair)

▶ Compensation

Qualifications

With her background and experience in strategic planning, audit, financial planning and analysis, capital allocation, public company governance and risk management, human resources and investor relations, Ms. Schnorr offers a global business and organizational perspective to the Board. The Board believes that Ms. Schnorr’s background and expertise enables her to guide us through a continued period of organic and acquisition-related growth and allows her to provide insight and leadership to our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee.



8		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Proposal One: Election of Directors • Nominees Proposed for Election as Directors at the Annual Meeting

Daniel J. Thoren

Mr. Thoren has served as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2021 and became our President and Chief Operating Officer in June 2021. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Thoren had been employed by Barber-Nichols, LLC (“Barber-Nichols”), a premier supplier of specialty turbomachinery, pumps and electronic drives that address critical applications for the defense and aerospace/space industries, from 1991 until we acquired Barber-Nichols in June 2021, and served in progressively increasing roles, including his service as Barber-Nichols’ President and Chief Executive Officer from 1997 until May 2021 and its Chairman of the Board of Directors through June 2021.

LOGO

Chief Executive Officer of the Company

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

61 2021

TERM EXPIRES

2024

Qualifications

As our Chief Executive Officer, and as a result of his day-to-day leadership of the business, Mr. Thoren provides the Board with valuable insight regarding the operations of our Company and our management team and he performs a critical role in the Board’s discussions regarding strategic planning and development. Our Board also benefits from Mr. Thoren’s proven strong leadership skills and experience at Barber-Nichols.

Directors Whose Terms Expire at the Annual Meeting

Alan Fortier

Mr. Fortier has served as President of Fortier & Associates, Inc., a strategy and profit improvement consulting firm focused on capital goods and chemicals companies, since 1988. Over his 30+ year consulting career he has helped hundreds of manufacturing businesses exceed aggressive profit targets, in all regions globally. He has also been a Strategic Advisory Board member for Genstar Capital, a middle market private equity group with over $30 billion in assets under management, since January 2019. In addition, between 2007 and 2016, Mr. Fortier was a guest lecturer at Columbia Business School’s MBA and Executive Education programs. Prior to entering consulting he held technical and management positions with DuPont.

LOGO

President of Fortier & Associates, Inc.

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

67 2008

TERM EXPIRES

2024

COMMITTEES

▶ Compensation

▶ Nominating and Corporate

Governance

Qualifications

Mr. Fortier brings to the Board more than 35 years of global industrial experience as a strategy and execution consultant and manager. Our Board and management team benefit from his extensive background in our served markets, including energy, petrochemicals, chemicals and large engineering firms, as well as his extensive experience advising boards and senior executives of global capital goods businesses on business strategy, mergers and acquisitions, global growth, pricing, organizational development and management control.

Directors Whose Terms do not Expire at the Annual Meeting

Cari L. Jaroslawsky

Ms. Jaroslawsky is the founder and President of Compliance Right, LLC, a board and executive consulting service provider formed in January 2022. Ms. Jaroslawsky served as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Eaton Mission Systems, a leading aerospace and defense manufacturer and a division of Eaton Corporation plc (“Eaton”), from January 2019 until her retirement in December 2022, having previously served as Senior Vice President of Finance from October 2016 to December 2018 for Cobham International until it was acquired by Eaton. Prior to her position with Cobham International, Ms. Jaroslawsky served as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Servotronics, Inc. (NYSE American: SVT), a designer and manufacturer of advanced technology and consumer products, from 2005 until 2016. Ms. Jaroslawsky is a certified public accountant. She also serves on the board of directors of Rand Capital Corporation (Nasdaq: RAND).

LOGO

President of Compliance Right, LLC

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

55 2022

TERM EXPIRES

2025

COMMITTEES

▶ Audit

▶ Nominating and Corporate

Governance (Chair)

Qualifications

Ms. Jaroslawsky brings to the Board substantial operational and leadership experience, defense industry knowledge and a significant background in accounting and financial matters, including through her prior service as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of a publicly traded company.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		9

Proposal One: Election of Directors • Directors Whose Terms do not Expire at the Annual Meeting

Jonathan W. Painter

Mr. Painter has served as the Chair, since July 2019, and a director, since January 2010, of Kadant Inc. (NYSE: KAI), a leading global supplier of components and engineered systems used in process industries, including the pulp and paper industry. Mr. Painter served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Kadant from January 2010 to July 2019 and as President and Chief Operating Officer from September 2009 to December 2009.

LOGO

Chair of Kadant Inc.

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

65 2014

TERM EXPIRES

2025

CHAIR OF THE BOARD

COMMITTEES

▶ Audit

▶ Compensation

Qualifications

Mr. Painter brings valuable experience to the Board and management as a former executive officer of a public company that, similar to us, is in the business of designing, manufacturing and marketing specialized, engineered equipment. The Board believes that Mr. Painter’s diverse experience in operations, finance, mergers and acquisitions and corporate strategy enables him to provide critical insight to the Board and management that will help us to achieve our strategic goals.

James J. Barber, Ph.D.

Dr. Barber has been an independent consultant and the principal of Barber Advisors, LLC, a consulting business advising firms and non-profits in the areas of strategy, management, marketing and operations, since September 2007. From January 2000 to May 2007, Dr. Barber was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Metabolix, Inc. (NASDAQ: MBLX), currently known as Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (OTC: YTEN), a bioscience company focused on plastics, chemicals and energy. He was responsible for transforming Metabolix, Inc. from a research boutique into a leader in “clean tech” and industrial biotechnology.

Dr. Barber served as the independent non-executive Chair of Itaconix plc (formerly Revolymer plc) (LON: ITX), a specialty chemicals company, from December 2018 to July 2022, and served as a non-executive director of Itaconix plc from September 2016 to November 2018. He has also served as a director of numerous private companies.

LOGO

Independent Consultant and

Principal of Barber Advisors, LLC

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

70 2011

TERM EXPIRES

2026

COMMITTEES

▶ Audit

▶ Compensation (Chair)

▶ Nominating and Corporate

Governance

Qualifications

Dr. Barber brings to our Board substantial executive level leadership experience and a deep understanding of product and business development in highly technical industries and alternative energy markets. Dr. Barber also has significant experience in structuring both joint venture and acquisition transactions.

Troy A. Stoner

Mr. Stoner has served as the Senior Director, Electronic Systems for Maritime and Intelligence Systems, Space Intelligence and Weapons Systems division of Boeing Defense, Space and Security since June 2023. Mr. Stoner served as Chief Executive Officer of Argon ST, a specialist in systems engineering and a subsidiary of The Boeing Company from April 2020 until May 2023. Prior to that, Mr. Stoner served Boeing in a series of advancing roles including Senior Program Manager, Missions & Payloads, Autonomous Systems from December 2019 to March 2020, Senior Manager, Autonomous Systems, Boeing Strategy from November 2017 to November 2019, Senior Maritime Representative, Boeing Global Sales and Marketing, April 2016 to October 2017, and Senior Manager, Boeing Strategy from May 2015 to March 2016. Mr. Stoner retired from the U.S. Navy after 30 years of service.

LOGO

Senior Director, Electronic

Systems, Maritime &

Intelligence Systems, Space

Intelligence & Weapons

Systems division of Boeing

Defense, Space and Security

AGE DIRECTOR SINCE

60 2022

TERM EXPIRES

2026

COMMITTEES

▶ Compensation

▶ Nominating and Corporate

Governance

Qualifications

Mr. Stoner brings to the Board extensive business experience with strategy, leadership and operations at companies within the defense, space and security markets. Our Board and management team value his in-depth knowledge of the U.S. Navy as well as his extensive expertise in military defense systems and U.S. Navy planning and procurement processes.



10		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Corporate Governance • Director Independence

Corporate Governance

Director Independence

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that the independence standards of the NYSE govern the independence determinations for the members of our Board. The Board has affirmatively determined that each of Messrs. Barber, Fortier, Painter and Stoner, and Mses. Jaroslawsky and Schnorr is independent and has no material relationship with us as required by the independence standards of the NYSE. Mr. Thoren, our Chief Executive Officer and employee, is not independent.

Board Leadership Structure

Mr. Painter, a non-executive independent director, serves as Chair of the Board. Our Board believes that its leadership structure, with a non-executive Chair position separate from our Chief Executive Officer, provides appropriate, independent oversight of management. The Chair of our Board presides at all meetings of the Board and stockholders; presides during regularly held sessions with only the independent directors; encourages and facilitates active participation of all directors; develops the calendar of and agendas for Board meetings in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer and other members of the Board; determines, in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer, the information that should be provided to the Board in advance of meetings; and performs any other duties requested by the Board from time to time.

Committees and Meetings of the Board; Meeting Attendance

Our Board has a standing Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are set forth in their respective charters and are described below. The current charter of each committee is available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheading “Governance.”

The following table lists the current membership of the committees of the Board and the Chairs of each committee.


	Committee Membership
Name	Audit Committee	Compensation Committee	Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

James J. Barber

Alan Fortier

Cari L. Jaroslawsky

Jonathan W. Painter

Lisa M. Schnorr

Troy A. Stoner

LOGO = Chair

LOGO = Member

During fiscal year 2024, the Board met seven times, the Audit Committee met fourteen times, the Compensation Committee met six times, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times. During fiscal year 2024, each of our then serving directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		11

Corporate Governance • Committees and Meetings of the Board; Meeting Attendance

The non-management directors meet without members of management present during regularly scheduled executive sessions and at such other times as they deem necessary or appropriate. The Chair of the Board presides over these executive sessions.

Our policy requires that each director attend our annual meeting of stockholders or provide the Chair of the Board with advance notice of the reason for not attending. All of our then serving directors attended our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Audit Committee

We have a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee satisfies the independence standards of the NYSE applicable to audit committee members and applicable SEC rules. The Board has also determined that each of Mses. Jaroslawsky and Schnorr qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” in accordance with applicable SEC rules based on their education and extensive professional work experience as described in each of their biographies under “Proposal One: Election of Directors.”

The Audit Committee reviews with Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, our financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, Deloitte & Touche LLP’s auditing procedures and fees, and the possible effects of professional services upon the independence of Deloitte & Touche LLP.

The Audit Committee works closely with the Board, our executive management team and our independent registered public accounting firm to assist the Board in overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and financial statement audits. In furtherance of these responsibilities, the Audit Committee assists the Board in its oversight of:

•

the integrity of our financial statements and internal controls;

•

our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;

•

the qualifications and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm;

•

the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm;

•

the planning for and performance of our internal audit function; and

•

risk management (including risk management relating to cybersecurity).

In addition, the Audit Committee’s responsibilities include reviewing and overseeing any transactions between us and any related person as defined by the SEC’s rules and discussing our guidelines and policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. The Audit Committee is also responsible for preparing the Audit Committee’s report that the SEC’s rules require to be included in our annual proxy statement, and performing such other tasks that are consistent with the Audit Committee’s charter. The Audit Committee’s report appears under the heading “Report of the Audit Committee.”

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee evaluates, interviews and nominates candidates for election to the Board and is responsible for oversight of our corporate governance practices.

When identifying director nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee solicits suggestions from incumbent directors, management and stockholders. In identifying and evaluating nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seeks candidates possessing the highest standards of personal and professional ethics and integrity; practical wisdom, independent thinking, maturity and the ability to exercise sound business judgment; skills, experience and demonstrated abilities that help meet the current needs of the Board; and a firm commitment to the interests of our stockholders. Although the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not maintain a specific written diversity policy, it recognizes the value of diversity and seeks diverse candidates when possible and appropriate and considers diversity in its review of candidates. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that diversity includes not only gender and ethnicity, but the various perspectives that come from having differing geographic and cultural backgrounds, viewpoints and life experiences.



12		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Corporate Governance • Committees and Meetings of the Board; Meeting Attendance

In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee takes into consideration such other factors as it deems appropriate. These factors may include knowledge of our industry and markets, experience with businesses and other organizations of comparable size, the interplay of the nominee’s experience with the experience of other members of the Board, and the extent to which the candidate would be a desirable addition to the Board and any of its committees. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may consider, among other factors, experience or expertise in our industry, global business, science and technology, competitive positioning, corporate governance, risk management, finance or economics, and public affairs.

Stockholders entitled to vote in the election of directors at any annual meeting may recommend candidates for consideration by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee as potential nominees by submitting written recommendations to the attention of our Corporate Secretary at the following address: Graham Corporation, 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York 14020. Stockholder recommendations must contain: (i) each candidate’s name, age, business and residence addresses; (ii) the candidate’s principal occupation or employment; (iii) each candidate’s written consent to serve as a director, if elected; (iv) whether each candidate would be an independent director if elected, and the basis therefore, under the NYSE listing standards; (v) a description of the candidate’s qualifications to be a director; and (vi) such other information regarding each candidate as would be required to be included in the proxy statement pursuant to the SEC’s rules. Any stockholder submitting a recommendation must provide his or her own name and address as they appear on our books and records, as well as the class and number of our shares owned of record and the dates he or she acquired such shares. In addition, any stockholder submitting a recommendation must provide (i) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each candidate and any other person pursuant to which the nominations were made; (ii) the identification of any person retained by the stockholder or by any candidate, or any person acting on his or her behalf to make solicitations for the purpose of electing such candidate and a brief description of the terms of such arrangement; (iii) a description of any arrangement, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in the Company’s share price, or increase or decrease the voting power of the stockholder or beneficial owner with respect to the Company’s shares, and the stockholder’s agreement to notify the Company in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such arrangement in effect as of the record date for the meeting; and (iv) any such information regarding the stockholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement or provided to the Company pursuant to the SEC’s rules. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate director candidates proposed by stockholders using the same criteria, and in the same manner, as described above for other potential nominees.

In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assists the Board in its oversight of our strategies, policies and practices relating to environmental and social matters as well as executive officer succession.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee annually reviews and approves the goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the Chief Executive Officer’s performance and either as a committee or with the other independent directors of the Board, determines and approves the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels.

The Compensation Committee also annually reviews and approves salaries, incentive cash awards and other forms of compensation paid to our other executive officers, approves recipients of equity-based awards and establishes the number of shares and other terms applicable to such awards. The Compensation Committee also construes the provisions of and generally administers the 2020 Graham Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2020 Plan”), and any successor plan thereto. The Compensation Committee operates pursuant to its charter and may delegate its authority or responsibility to one or more subcommittees.

The Compensation Committee also reviews and makes recommendations regarding the compensation paid to the Board. More information about the compensation of our directors is set forth under the heading “Director Compensation.” The Compensation Committee annually conducts a performance evaluation of its operation and function and recommends any proposed changes to the Board for approval.

In addition, the Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing and discussing with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis that is included in our annual proxy statement and performing such other tasks that are consistent with its charter.

The Compensation Committee recognizes the importance of using an independent consultant that provides services solely to the Compensation Committee and not to management. The Compensation Committee engaged an



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		13

Corporate Governance • Committees and Meetings of the Board; Meeting Attendance

independent compensation consultant in fiscal year 2024. For more information on the role of the Compensation Committee in determining executive compensation, including its use of an independent consultant, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” under the heading “Executive Compensation.”

Corporate Governance Guidelines

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines to promote the effective functioning of the Board in its governance of our business and corporate operations. The Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheadings “Governance” and “Governance Documents.”

Political Contribution Policy Statement

The Board has adopted a political contribution policy statement, which outlines the Company’s policies, procedures and philosophy regarding its political contributions and activities. It is the Company’s policy not to make independent political expenditures in support of the election or defeat of particular candidates and not to maintain a political action committee. This policy is available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheadings “Governance” and “Governance Documents.”

Board Policy on Stockholder Rights Plans

We do not have a “poison pill” or stockholder rights plan. If we were to adopt a stockholder rights plan, the Board would seek prior stockholder approval of the plan unless, due to timing constraints or other reasons, a majority of independent directors of the Board determines that it would be in the best interests of stockholders to adopt a plan before obtaining stockholder approval. If a stockholder rights plan is adopted without prior stockholder approval, the Board will submit the plan for approval by stockholders prior to the first anniversary of the effective date of the plan or the plan will otherwise terminate.

The Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

The Board oversees our risk profile and management’s processes for managing risk, primarily through the Board’s committees. Our Audit Committee focuses on financial risks, including those that could arise from our accounting and financial reporting processes. Additionally, our Audit Committee monitors and directs the formal risk management projects implemented by management, including cybersecurity. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee focuses on the management of risks associated with board organization, membership and structure, corporate governance, and the recruitment and retention of talented Board members. Additionally, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee focuses on the management of risks associated with executive officer succession. Our Compensation Committee focuses on the management of risks that could arise from our compensation policies and programs and, in particular, our executive compensation programs and policies.

As part of its risk oversight responsibilities, the Board and its committees review the policies and processes that senior management uses to manage our risk exposure. In doing so, the Board and its committees review our overall risk function and senior management’s establishment of appropriate systems and processes for managing areas of material risk to the Company, including, but not limited to, operational, financial, legal, regulatory, strategic and information technology risks (including with respect to cybersecurity).

Communications from Stockholders and other Interested Parties

Stockholders and other interested parties who wish to contact the Board or an individual director, including the independent Chair of the Board or independent directors as a group, should send their communications to the attention of the Corporate Secretary, Graham Corporation, 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York 14020. The Corporate Secretary will forward all such communications as directed unless the communication is inappropriate.



14		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Environmental and Social Matters • Commitment to Sustainability

Environmental and Social Matters

Commitment to Sustainability

Oversight

Graham Corporation is committed to embedding sustainability throughout our business. We believe that all our stakeholders must be considered in our everyday actions. We continue to enhance our sustainability strategy to align with the broader transformation of our business. Our executive management team recognizes the importance of embedding environmental and social priorities within our business operations and an enhanced and modernized strategy intended to drive additional progress on initiatives that promote sustainability and increase transparency. Mr. Thoren, our Chief Executive Officer, is the lead officer responsible for overseeing and advancing the Company’ efforts with respect to sustainability initiatives. In such capacity, Mr. Thoren reviews our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) efforts with the Board and the various Board committees as appropriate.

We have established ESG working groups at each of our companies that are responsible for leading our ESG strategy and monitoring our corporate social responsibility and environmental accountability initiatives. These groups include cross-functional subject matter experts from across the business. Against this backdrop, we have, with the assistance of outside expertise, performed an assessment of key indicators and engaged with our internal and external stakeholders on sustainability topics to help further inform our future direction and tenets. This ESG working group oversees Graham’s sustainability strategy and subsequent disclosures, including the production of our 2024 Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Factsheet available on our website. The four tenets of our ESG strategy are shown below:

LOGO

Environment

We believe that a focus on environmental stewardship is fundamental and integral to the work we do every day to serve our customers, create value for our stockholders, and benefit our global community. We have taken steps at both our business units in Batavia, New York and Arvada, Colorado to improve energy efficiencies and air quality that are intended to lessen our impact on the environment. Notably:

•

Encouraged environmentally friendly workplace practices by supporting recycling and separation of waste throughout our offices;

•

Installed new Electro Chemical Machine reducing hazardous waste generation by 50%;

•

Received four additional electric vehicle charging stations to install in 2024;

•

Installed scrubber/handlers in plate burn area, improving air quality;

•

Developed NextGen steam nozzle to reduce steam use and CO2 emissions by up to 10%.

We have over 595 employees across our global facilities, including our 43,000 square foot, state-of-the-art manufacturing plant that is part of the 101,000 square foot campus in Arvada, Colorado, where our commitment to reducing the waste we generate and utilizing our expertise to produce high quality and sustainable products. Each of our facilities are diligent in controlling hazardous waste and ensuring wastewater and storm sewer discharges are monitored to support greater access to clean water. Additionally, a key aspect of our ESG strategy is climate change. We help minimize our environmental footprint with Adopt-A-Street activities, factory recycling programs, electric car charging stations, and energy saving initiatives like LED lighting, motion sensors for lighting, smart compressors to manage energy loads and installing programmable thermostats in our facilities.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		15

Environmental and Social Matters • Commitment to Sustainability

Our People

At Graham, we believe our most important asset is our people. We are committed to fostering and embracing a Graham community in which employees share a mutual understanding and respect for each other. Our pledge to diversity and equality encompasses our commitment to create a work environment which embraces inclusion regardless of race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, genetic information, marital status, amnesty, pregnancy, childbirth, disability, veteran status, or medical conditions. We continually strive to use our knowledge, talents, and resources to improve the quality of life of our workforce. In 2023, Barber-Nichols was recognized in Glassdoor’s Best Places to Work, ranking 10 out of 50 in the U.S. small and medium company category. Glassdoor’s analysis is based solely on the input of employees who complete an anonymous review about their job, work environment and employer.

Diversity, Equality & Inclusion (“DEI”) is very important to us at Graham. Our commitment starts with our goal of attracting, retaining, and developing a workforce that is diverse in background, knowledge, skill, and experience. In 2023, we started a Women in Manufacturing group to attract and promote women in our workplace. As of December 31, 2023, women represented approximately 20% and self-identified racial and ethnic minorities represented approximately 9.4% of our workforce, up from 8% as of March 31, 2023 and 5% as of March 31, 2022. We strive to mirror our local communities through recruitment in our high schools and community colleges.

Our management recognizes that a diverse workforce and a culture of equity and inclusion helps us compete more effectively, sustain success, and build long-term shareholder value. We encourage every one of our team members to form deeper relationships with those around them based on mutual respect, dignity, and understanding. Furthermore, to encourage productive conversations within our organization, we have implemented employee engagement surveys. Graham has robust non-discrimination and anti-harassment policies as outlined in our employee handbook, as well as a formal Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

We believe that employee development is vital to our continued success, and we support the development of our employees through programs such as our internal weld school training, our partnerships with community colleges, our tuition assistance program, and management training classes. Our management is continuously focused on developing an inclusive and respectful work environment where our employees are highly engaged and motivated.

We are dedicated to ensuring the health and safety of our team members by supporting the whole person. Our dedicated global health and safety function is executed through our business unit safety committees to ensure that employees are trained on best practices to create a safe and healthy workplace for all. Arvada has met the requirements to be certified as a Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. To ensure the health and wellbeing of our employees, we aim to provide a robust health and wellness package. Some of the various benefits we offer include:

•

Competitive medical, dental and vision benefits;

•

Flexible spending and health savings accounts for both healthcare and dependent care;

•

Short- and long-term disability insurance;

•

Paid maternity and parental leave;

•

401(k) retirement savings program, including company matching contributions, and employee stock purchase plan;

•

Employee Assistance Program providing free counseling services; and

•

Wellness incentives, including a wellness consultant.

Our Communities

We believe that investing in local communities to create positive social and economic outcomes is at the heart of generating social impact. We believe that to be successful we need to push ourselves to do our best, for our customers, for our stockholders, for the Company, for ourselves, for those around us, and for the world that we all share. We are committed to supporting the communities in which we do business by leveraging the power of our Company through donations, scholarships, education and participation with certain charitable organizations. We strive to use our capabilities, reach and resources to make a lasting difference in the world. Notably:

•

We are proud to have continued working with several local schools to help teach students about careers and opportunities in engineering and advanced manufacturing.



16		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Environmental and Social Matters • Commitment to Sustainability

•

We participated in the Genesee, Livingston, Orleans, and Wyoming (“GLOW”) Corporate Cup. The goal of this event is for local businesses to form racing teams, compete in a fun atmosphere, and crown a winner of the Corporate Cup. With the proceeds raised from this event, the YMCA is able to fulfill its mission of youth development, healthy living and social responsibility in the GLOW region.

•

We implemented a United Way Day of Giving, the largest community-wide volunteer event across our region serving Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Wayne, and Wyoming counties.

•

We donated time and resources to a number of charities including the Special Olympics, Habitat for Humanity, Family Tree, Community Table Food Bank, National Foundation to End Child Abuse and Neglect, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Outdoor Labs, Puppy Rescue, and Adopt-A-Tree Clean-ups.

We believe the industry needs to engage with young people, be more inclusive and employ people from a diverse range of backgrounds. As key stakeholders in the industry, we partnered with nonprofit organizations to implement elementary school Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (“STEM”) programs, where over 30 volunteers engaged in science fair judging, tours, and career fairs and created STEM kits to support educational endeavors. Furthermore, we facilitated weld training programs with local high schools and community colleges, and serve on their industry partner committees. Also, we assisted with college scholarship funds at many local colleges and universities, including Red Rocks Community College, Warren Tech, University of Colorado and Colorado State University.

We believe it is our responsibility to respect human rights in our operations, including, among other things, by opposing human trafficking and the exploitation of children. Accordingly, we have adopted a Human Rights Policy Statement to emphasize our strong commitment to human rights. As another part of being a good corporate citizen, we adopted a Conflict Minerals Policy that is intended to support our commitment to sourcing components and materials from companies that share our values around human rights and ethics. Both policies are available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheadings “Governance” and “Governance Documents.”

Corporate Governance

Graham is committed to achieving excellence in our corporate governance practices. We emphasize a culture of accountability and conduct our business in a manner that is fair, ethical, and responsible to earn the trust of our stakeholders. The Company has corporate governance and sustainability policies and structures in place to foster accountability and transparency. These policies reflect our underlying commitment to maintain the highest standards of ethics and integrity and to operate our business in compliance with all applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-trust laws and regulations.

The Board of Directors is comprised of a majority of independent directors as defined by the NYSE listing standards and the Board’s Corporate Governance Guidelines. All of the Board committees are comprised entirely of independent directors.

Graham recognizes that effectively managing enterprise risks is critically important to the long-term success of our business. Management is responsible for our company’s day-to-day risk management activities. Our company relies on a comprehensive risk management process to aggregate, monitor, measure, and manage risks. While we exercise oversight, we do not have full control over our supply chain nor the suppliers we do business with; however, we continually seek to partner with suppliers that share common values and a shared commitment to our ESG objectives.

As a global leader in the design and manufacture of critical electronics-enhanced turbomachines and turbomachine-based subsystems as well as vacuum and heat exchangers technologies, Graham is a trusted partner that meets the industry’s high bar for data resiliency and security. We leverage the latest encryption configurations and technologies on our systems, devices, and third-party connections and further vet third-party vendors’ encryption, as required, through our vendor management process.

We routinely engage with our stakeholders to better understand their views on ESG matters, carefully considering the feedback we receive and acting when appropriate. For more information, please visit our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations.”

Additionally, in furtherance of our ESG objectives, we implemented in fiscal year 2024 our Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy, we implemented in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 (“fiscal year 2023”) our Human Rights Policy, Code of Vendor Conduct, and Enterprise Level Environmental Policy, and we implemented in the fiscal year



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		17

Environmental and Social Matters • Commitment to Sustainability

ended March 31, 2021, our Conflict Minerals Policy, each described below and available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheadings “Governance” and “Governance Documents.”

Human Rights Policy

Our Human Rights Policy sets forth our views on the health and safety standards we strive to provide to our employees, our intolerance for forced or involuntary labor of any kind, and our commitment to providing equal opportunity in all aspects of employment. Human rights are generally defined as the basic freedoms believed to be inherent to all people as outlined in the United Nations Universal Declaration for Human Rights, which focuses on dignity, respect and equality, without discrimination.

Enterprise Level Environmental Policy

Our Enterprise Level Environmental Policy focuses on our belief that environmental stewardship is fundamental and integral to the work we do every day to serve our customers, create value for our stockholders, and benefit our global community. We believe that our focus on environmental sustainability, with the objective of reducing costs and improving sustainability of our operations, will provide us with a strategic benefit. Through our Enterprise Level Environmental Policy we will continue to engage with suppliers throughout our global value chain to manage these impacts in order to conserve resources, reduce costs, and promote ethical practices.

Conflict Minerals Policy

Our Conflict Minerals Policy outlines our commitment to sourcing components and materials from companies that share our values around human rights and ethics. We strive to utilize suppliers with products that are conflict free. We undertake due diligence processes to support our efforts and expect our suppliers to source products and develop reasonable due diligence frameworks and policies designed to prevent conflict minerals from being included in our products. We encourage our employees, vendors, or other partners to notify us of any issues or concerns regarding our supply chain, including issues and concerns relating to conflict minerals.

Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy

Our Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy sets forth our commitment to ensuring that our employees, affiliates, and others acting on our behalf abide by all international and local laws that collectively prohibit bribery and corruption in countries where we conduct business. We prohibit any form of bribery or corruption, including giving, offering, promising or receiving Anything of Value (as defined in the Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy), directly or indirectly with the intent to obtain an improper business advantage.

Code of Vendor Conduct

Our Code of Vendor Conduct specifies the behaviors, practices and regulations we expect to see practiced in all stages of our supply chain. The Code of Vendor Conduct is focused on ensuring that our vendors, suppliers, and other business partners, including their employees, agents, and suppliers, act in a way that is ethical, corporately responsible, and aims to promote compliance with applicable laws and regulations.



18		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Officers

Executive Officers

As of June 21, 2024, we were served by the following executive officers and Section 16 officers, each of whom was appointed by the Board:

Daniel J. Thoren, age 61, has served as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2021 and became our President and Chief Operating Officer in June 2021. Further information about Mr. Thoren is set forth under “Proposal One: Election of Directors.”

Christopher J. Thome, age 53, became our Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer in April 2022 and our Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Secretary in July 2022. Prior to joining the Company since February 2020, Mr. Thome served as Corporate Controller and Treasurer of Allient Inc. (NASDAQ: ALNT), formerly known as Allied Motion Technologies Inc., a producer of precision and specialty motion, control and power quality components and systems. From July 2006 to February 2020, he held progressively advancing roles at Integer Holdings Corporation (NYSE: ITGR), a provider of advanced medical device outsourcing, including Senior Director–Treasurer and Senior Director–Financial Reporting, Treasury Operations and Shared Services. Mr. Thome is a certified public accountant.

Matthew Malone, age 37, became our Vice President and General Manager – Barber-Nichols in June 2021. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Malone served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Barber-Nichols since May 2021, having previously served as Barber-Nichols Vice President of Operations from May 2020 to May 2021, Project Management Office Manager from November 2017 to May 2020, and Project Engineer from July 2015 to November 2017. Prior to Barber-Nichols, Mr. Malone began his career at GE Transportation where he held a variety of progressively challenging engineering and management positions.

Alan E. Smith, age 57, became our Vice President and General Manager – Batavia in July 2015. Mr. Smith served as our Vice President of Operations from July 2007 until July 2015. Previously, from 2005 until July 2007, Mr. Smith served as Director of Operations for Lydall, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of specialty engineering products. Prior to that, he had been employed by us for fourteen years, progressing from Project Engineer to Engineering Manager.



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		19

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Executive Compensation

As a smaller reporting company under the Exchange Act we are not required to provide certain disclosures pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, however, we have elected not to take advantage of certain scaled disclosure requirements allowed for smaller reporting companies to provide transparency with respect to the compensation of our named executive officers.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Introduction

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides information about the compensation programs for our executive officers named in the fiscal year 2024 Summary Compensation Table. These named executive officers and their respective titles are:

•

Daniel J. Thoren, our Chief Executive Officer;

•

Christopher J. Thome, our Vice President – Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Secretary

•

Alan Smith, our Vice President and General Manager – Batavia; and

•

Matthew Malone, our Vice President and General Manager – Barber-Nichols.

This CD&A includes the philosophy and objectives of the Compensation Committee of our Board, descriptions of each of the elements of our executive compensation programs, and the basis for the compensation decisions we made during fiscal year 2024.

Executive Summary

Fiscal Year 2024 Results

The Compensation Committee’s philosophy focuses on aligning the interests of our named executive officers with those of our stockholders by rewarding performance that enhances the objective of increasing both current and long-term stockholder value. Our executive compensation programs are designed to provide a strong link between the amounts earned by our named executive officers and Company and individual performance.

During fiscal year 2024, our named executive officers continued to implement our strategic plan to diversify, increase productivity, improve processes, and grow our market share and profits in our existing businesses.

Our financial results for fiscal year 2024 included the following:

•

Net sales for fiscal year 2024 were $185.5 million, an increase of 18% compared to fiscal year 2023.

•

Net income for fiscal year 2024 was $4.6 million.

•

Orders were a record $268.4 million.

•

We acquired P3 Technologies, LLC (“P3”) and successfully integrated it with our Barber-Nichols team.

Our “Pay for Performance” Philosophy

Our executive compensation programs contain key components and features that reinforce our “pay for performance” philosophy. For example:

•

A significant portion of our named executive officers’ compensation is “at-risk,” and depends on either meeting performance-based criteria or continuing in service to the Company. Both our short-term and long-term incentive compensation programs use goals that tie to our performance in key financial metrics. During fiscal year 2024, we paid 50% of our long-term incentive compensation in performance-vesting restricted stock units (“PSUs”). The PSUs cliff vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant only upon the achievement of predetermined performance metrics. Our named executive officers received the other 50% of long-term incentive compensation in time-vesting restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that vest in equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the executive officer’s continued employment at each such date.



20		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

•

We require all of our named executive officers to hold substantial amounts of our stock. We believe that our robust stock ownership guidelines drive an ownership culture and enhance the connection between our management and our stockholders.

•

We do not reimburse or “gross-up” our named executive officers for any of the taxes associated with any of the compensation and benefits we provide to them.

•

We maintain “double-triggered” provisions in our agreements with our named executive officers under which payment is triggered only by certain terminations of employment subsequent to a change in control of our Company.

•

The Compensation Committee incorporates tally sheets as an analytical tool as part of its annual executive compensation review to help ensure that compensation is consistent with performance goals.

•

We provide limited perquisites and personal benefits to named executive officers beyond those provided to all other employees.

•

Our policies strictly prohibit our executive officers and directors from engaging in any hedging, pledging or other monetization transactions involving our securities.

Principles and Objectives

In establishing executive compensation, the guiding principles and objectives of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

•

to provide market competitive compensation that includes an appropriate balance of fixed and incentive elements which allows us to both attract and retain executive personnel best suited by training, ability and other relevant criteria for our management requirements;

•

to align our incentive compensation programs with superior business performance in order to maximize stockholder value; and

•

to avoid compensation incentives that create undue financial or business risk for our Company.

The Compensation Committee reviews the market median and also considers measures of Company and industry performance when determining named executive officer compensation, including net sales, net income, earnings per share, earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) margin, total market value, performance relative to the market, and total stockholder return. As described further below under the heading “Use of Peer Group Compensation Data and Tally Sheets,” from time to time, but at a minimum every three years, the Compensation Committee reviews data on the executive compensation programs of other comparably-sized companies both within our industry and in our geographic region as part of the process of establishing and maintaining our executive compensation programs.

We designed our executive compensation programs to reward our named executive officers for Company and individual performance that maximizes stockholder value. We describe the Company and individual performance measures that the Compensation Committee takes into account in determining cash and equity-based incentive awards for our named executive officers below under the headings “Annual Cash Incentive Compensation” and “Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation,” respectively.

How We Make Compensation Decisions

Role of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee designs and implements compensation programs that further the intent and purpose of our fundamental compensation philosophy, principles, and objectives. The Compensation Committee is responsible for setting appropriate compensation levels for our named executive officers, and determines base salary, as well as cash and equity-based incentive awards for each of our named executive officers. We provide additional information about the Compensation Committee under the heading “Corporate Governance.”



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		21

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Role of Named Executive Officers in Compensation Decisions

Within the framework of the executive compensation programs approved by the Compensation Committee and based on management’s review of market competitive positions, our Chief Executive Officer annually reviews the performance of our other named executive officers and presents such performance information to the Compensation Committee. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee with respect to the salary, cash incentive and equity-based incentive compensation paid to our other named executive officers. The Compensation Committee considers such performance information in determining each element of compensation for the other named executive officers. The Compensation Committee uses its discretion to determine whether to accept, reject or modify any adjustments to awards that may be recommended by our Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee annually reviews the performance of our Chief Executive Officer and meets in executive session, outside the presence of our Chief Executive Officer, when determining his compensation.

On an annual basis, our Chief Executive Officer also approves and recommends to the Compensation Committee the individual objectives for our other named executive officers under the Stock Bonus Plan and Cash Bonus Program. The Compensation Committee approves the individual objectives for our Chief Executive Officer.

Use of Outside Consultants by the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee believes that it benefits from external advice and assistance to help meet its objectives and fulfill its responsibilities. The Compensation Committee periodically engages outside consultants to educate and inform Committee members with regard to compensation matters, including the advantages and disadvantages of existing and proposed compensation programs, and keeps the Compensation Committee abreast of current and emerging compensation trends both within our industry and for companies of similar size and stature. These consultants also may advise the Compensation Committee with respect to various compensation alternatives, provide the Compensation Committee with relevant market compensation data and assist the Compensation Committee in analyzing such data when making compensation decisions.

During fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee engaged Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc. (“F.W. Cook”) to assist the Compensation Committee in updating our peer group and analyzing the competitiveness of the target compensation levels for our named executive officers.

Use of Peer Group Compensation Data and Tally Sheets

Peer Group Compensation Data. When making compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee may consider executive compensation programs and individual elements of compensation paid to other named executive officers at a group of comparably-sized companies both within our industry and in our geographic region or which we otherwise consider to be our peers. When selecting our peer group shown below, the Compensation Committee considered the companies’ revenue, market capitalization, number of employees, and industry classification.


Allient, Inc.	Energy Recovery, Inc.	Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.
Astronics Corporation	Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc.	SIFCO Industries, Inc.
CECO Environmental Corp.	Hurco Companies, Inc.	The Eastern Company
CPI Aerostructures, Inc.	Natural Gas Services Group, Inc.	The Gorman-Rupp Company
DMC Global, Inc.	Park Aerospace Corp.	Thermon Group Holdings, Inc.

During fiscal year 2024, Air Industries Group, Allied Motion Technologies Inc., Capstone Green Energy Corporation, and Orbital Energy Group, Inc. were removed from our peer group as they were no longer within the size parameters that the Compensation Committee has set and/or there was a material decline in performance and market capitalization. The Compensation Committee believes that fifteen companies is still an adequate size for a peer group. The Compensation Committee may use peer group compensation data to provide an informational perspective on our compensation practices, levels of base salary, and the design of annual cash and long-term equity incentive compensation programs and the overall competitiveness of our compensation program.

During fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee reviewed a competitive analysis provided by its compensation consultant, F.W. Cook, to inform pay decisions with respect to future fiscal years. This competitive analysis compared our named executive officers’ total target compensation, including base salary, target annual cash incentive and target long-term incentives to the same compensation elements paid to named executive officers in comparable positions



22		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

with our peer group companies listed above. Our compensation consultant’s analysis demonstrated that Mr. Thoren’s fiscal year 2024 base salary was positioned below the 25th percentile and that the fiscal year 2024 base salaries for Messrs. Thome, Malone and Smith were positioned between the 25th and 50th percentile compared to other named executive officers in our peer group. Taking into consideration this competitive analysis, as well as other considerations and the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer for the named executive officers other than himself, the Compensation Committee adjusted the base salaries of our named executive officers, as discussed under “Annual Base Salaries” below.

Tally Sheets. The Compensation Committee analyzes tally sheets prepared for each named executive officer as part of its responsibilities for our executive compensation programs. Tally sheets present the dollar amount of each component of compensation for each named executive officer. The purpose of tally sheets is to bring together, in summary form, all of the elements of total direct compensation for our named executive officers so that the Compensation Committee may analyze both the individual elements of compensation (including the weighting of each element as compared to each other element) and the aggregate amount of total direct compensation. During fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee used tally sheets to assist in its review of the compensation of our named executive officers. No compensation changes were made with respect to fiscal year 2024 compensation based on those tally sheet reviews.

Executive Compensation Components

As discussed in greater detail below, our compensation philosophy focuses on aligning the total direct compensation of our named executive officers with the interests of our stockholders by rewarding performance that enhances the objective of increasing both current and long-term stockholder value. We use the term “total direct compensation” to refer to the sum of base salary, annual incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation.

Total Direct

Compensation

Base

Salary

Annual

Incentive

Compensation

Long-Term

Incentive

Compensation

The components of total direct compensation granted during fiscal year 2024 were:


Compensation Element	Form of Compensation	Purpose	Performance Criteria

Base Salary	Cash	Provide compensation that is not “at-risk” to compensate our named executive officers for services rendered during the fiscal year	Not performance based

Annual Incentive Compensation	Cash	Motivate our named executive officers to attain vital short-term Company and individual objectives	Adjusted net income or operating profit, bookings and individual officer goals linked to achievement of Company strategic objectives

Long-term Incentive Compensation	PSUs	Incentivize our named executive officers to focus on Company growth and profitability, align their compensation with our business strategy, and create value for our stockholders	Three-year cumulative adjusted EBITDA metric

	RSUs	Encourage retention of our named executive officers over a three-year period	Not performance based



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		23

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The Compensation Committee seeks to align our annual and long-term compensation elements to our strategic plan. We strive to strike a balance between establishing incentives that motivate our named executive officers to achieve meaningful results, while ensuring that we sufficiently recognize our named executive officers for achieving results that are within their control. The Compensation Committee believes that the diversity of the selected forms of compensation and performance metrics help to manage the pay for performance challenges presented by our business while creating the proper focus among our named executive officers to facilitate our growth.

We establish each element that comprises targeted total direct compensation for the named executive officers annually. We do not have a specific policy for the allocation of compensation between short-term and long-term compensation or cash and equity compensation, as the allocation of these items is primarily driven by market compensation information and Company performance and goals.

We generally do not consider gains realized from prior compensation, such as stock option exercises, restricted stock vesting and vesting of RSUs or PSUs, in setting other elements of compensation. We believe that reducing or limiting awards because of prior gains realized by a named executive officer would unfairly penalize the officer for outstanding past performance and reduce the motivation for continued outstanding achievement. Similarly, our severance and change-in-control arrangements, which we discuss in detail under the heading “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control,” do not affect our decisions regarding other elements of compensation. Those arrangements serve specific purposes that are unrelated to the determination of a named executive officer’s compensation for a specific year.

In support of our compensation philosophy, our executive compensation is heavily weighted toward incentive (variable) compensation, and the proportion of variable, or “at risk,” compensation increases as the level of responsibility increases. As shown below, in fiscal year 2024, we provided 67% of our Chief Executive Officer’s target compensation through annual and long-term incentive compensation, and, on average, we provided 50% of our other named executive officers’ target compensation through annual and long-term incentive compensation.

Beginning in fiscal year 2023, our Compensation Committee grants awards consisting of RSUs and PSUs. We believe the use of such awards supports our long-term compensation philosophy as well as emphasizes performance and alignment of executives’ interests with our stockholders. The Compensation Committee will continue to review our executive compensation programs, as well as consider the outcome of the “say-on-pay” votes when making future compensation decisions for the named executive officers.

Fiscal Year 2024 Total Target Compensation*

LOGO

*	The fair market value of the RSUs and PSUs are based upon the closing price at the date of grant. Information is presented as of March 31, 2024.



24		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

We also provide compensation and benefits to our named executive officers through the following programs:


Compensation Element	Form of Compensation	Purpose

Health and welfare plans	Eligibility to receive health and other welfare benefits paid for by the Company, including life insurance, short-term and long-term disability insurance, and a comprehensive medical and dental plan	Provide a competitive employee benefits program

Retirement benefits	Named executive officers hired prior to January 1, 2003, including Mr. Smith, participate in a qualified defined benefit pension plan, a qualified defined contribution plan, and a non-qualified supplemental retirement plan. Named executive officers hired on or after January 1, 2003, including Messrs. Thoren, Thome, and Malone, participate only in the qualified defined contribution plan and receive an additional Company contribution under such plan in lieu of their participation in the defined benefit pension plan	Provide an incentive for long-term retention of our named executive officers

Limited perquisites and other personal benefits	A $5,000 allowance for our Chief Executive Officer ($2,500 for our other named executive officers) to purchase term life insurance	Provide a competitive compensation package, facilitate strong, focused performance and better enable us to attract and retain superior employees for key positions

Stockholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

At our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in our 2023 proxy statement, referred to as a “say-on-pay” vote. Approximately 95% of the votes cast were voted in favor of the compensation of our named executive officers. The Compensation Committee evaluated the positive results of the 2023 “say-on-pay” vote as well as the other factors discussed in this CD&A. Each of these factors informed the Compensation Committee’s decisions regarding our named executive officer compensation programs.

At our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders expressed a preference that the “say-on-pay” vote take place on an annual basis. This preference was subsequently adopted by our Board, and so we are providing our stockholders with a “say-on-pay” vote this year. See “Proposal Two: Advisory Vote on the Compensation of our Named Executive Officers.”

Annual Base Salaries

The Compensation Committee reviews base salaries for each of our named executive officers at least annually. In general, the Compensation Committee sets base salaries based on factors including Company and individual performance, job responsibilities, internal pay equity and base salary levels of similar positions in our peer group. In fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee also considered the competitive analysis provided by its compensation consultant, F. W. Cook and recommended increases in the base salaries of the named executive officers to the Board.

Effective as of April 1, 2024, the Board approved the following changes to the annual base salary rates of our named executive officers:

•

Mr. Thoren - $500,000 from the prior annual rate of $400,000;

•

Mr. Thome - $360,000 from the prior annual rate of $312,000; and

•

Messrs. Smith and Malone - $330,000 from the prior annual rate of $312,000.



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Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Annual Cash Incentive Compensation

Our Annual Executive Cash Bonus Program, which we refer to as the Cash Bonus Program, is designed to compensate our named executive officers for above-average performance through an annual cash incentive award related both to Company and individual performance. We instituted the Cash Bonus Program to effectively align short-term individual performance with Company performance.

The Compensation Committee designed the Cash Bonus Program to provide a clear link between the named executive officers’ goals and our performance and business objectives. In fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee used a combination of consolidated adjusted net income or divisional operating income, consolidated bookings or divisional bookings, and personal objectives as the performance metrics to evaluate our named executive officers’ performance under the Cash Bonus Program. The consolidated adjusted net income and divisional operating income performance metrics are based on 2024 fiscal year-end results. Consolidated bookings and divisional bookings represent new orders received by us (or the applicable division) and entered into backlog during fiscal year 2024, reduced by the impact of any backlog cancellations. Consolidated bookings include consolidated net orders for Batavia, NY, Barber-Nichols, Ahmedabad, India, and Suzhou, PRC. The Compensation Committee selected consolidated adjusted net income/divisional operating income and consolidated bookings/divisional bookings as the quantitative measures of short-term performance because it believes that these metrics impact our annual profitability and growth.

For fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee established personal goals for our named executive officers, which included the following:

•

Mr. Thoren - Generate future products and service roadmap, further develop acquisition pipeline and continue development of leadership and succession planning.

•

Mr. Thome - Develop capital allocation strategy to support future growth, define financial, risk and corporate reporting structure and develop financial planning and analysis processes and value enhancing corporate level shared services.

•

Mr. Smith - Optimize business development and sales process, oversee implementation of enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) in the Batavia facility, and complete research and development testing on specified products.

•

Mr. Malone - Define performance-oriented culture, initiatives and measures at Barber-Nichols to improve performance, develop succession plan, assist with Company compliance and identify acquisition targets.

The Compensation Committee assigned the weightings applicable to the three metrics to align our named executive officers’ goals with our current business objectives as follows:


Metric	Weighting

Adjusted Net Income/Divisional Operating Income⁽¹⁾		50%

Bookings⁽²⁾		20%

Personal goals		30%

(1)	For Messrs. Thoren and Thome includes consolidated adjusted net income and for Messrs. Smith and Malone includes consolidated adjusted net income (15%) and divisional operating income (35%).

(2)	For Messrs. Thoren and Thome includes consolidated bookings and for Messrs. Smith and Malone includes consolidated bookings (6%) and divisional bookings (14%).

The Compensation Committee typically establishes the goals for the Cash Bonus Program during our annual budgeting process following the commencement of the fiscal year. The Compensation Committee typically approves such goals during our first quarter, subject to the ratification of the Board. The Compensation Committee approves the personal goals for our Chief Executive Officer. Our Chief Executive Officer develops the personal goals for our other named executive officers in alignment with our corporate strategy and recommends these goals to our Compensation Committee Chair for approval.



26		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

For fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee set target bonus levels as follows: Mr. Thoren – 100% of base salary; and Messrs. Thome, Smith and Malone – 50% of base salary. The Compensation Committee uses a stretch maximum payout level to better incentivize and reward above target performance. Each named executive officer may receive anywhere from 0% to 200% of his target bonus level depending on the attainment of objectives, as follows:


Target Level	Adjusted Net Income/Divisional Operating Income Payout as Percentage of Target Bonus		Bookings Payout as Percentage of Target Bonus

Threshold		50%		50%

Target		100%		100%

Maximum		200%		200%

We may use linear interpolation to determine the percentage of the target bonus payable based on performance in between threshold and target or target and maximum. The Compensation Committee may consider extraordinary events that either positively or negatively affect financial performance, and may in its discretion, include or exclude the impact of these events in approving awards under the Cash Bonus Program. During fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee exercised this discretion and adjusted net income to add back ERP implementation costs, debt amendment costs, acquisition related costs, Barber-Nichols earnout costs and P3 P3 retention costs and to deduct net income derived from P3. The Compensation Committee also exercised this discretion to add back ERP implementation costs to Batavia divisional operating income and to add back Barber Nichols earnout costs and acquisition related costs to Barber-Nichols divisional operating income during fiscal year 2024.

For fiscal year 2024, threshold, target, maximum, and actual quantitative performance metrics used under the Cash Bonus Program for our named executive officers were as follows (millions of dollars):


Performance Measure	Threshold		Target		Maximum		Actual

Adjusted Net Income⁽¹⁾		$ 4.0		$ 5.3		$ 7.9		$ 9.1

Bookings		$156.3		$195.3		$234.4		$269.3

Divisional Operating Income - Graham Manufacturing		$ 6.5		$ 8.7		$ 13.1		$ 10.1

Divisional Bookings - Graham Manufacturing		$ 97.2		$121.5		$145.8		$213.9

Divisional Operating Income - Barber-Nichols		$ 4.3		$ 5.7		$ 8.6		$ 8.1

Divisional Bookings - Barber-Nichols		$ 59.0		$ 73.8		$ 88.6		$ 55.4

(1)	Refer to Appendix A of this proxy statement for our definition of Adjusted Net Income and a reconciliation of such measure to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

At its May 22, 2024 meeting, the Compensation Committee reviewed the achievement of Company and individual objectives during fiscal year 2024 and approved the award of cash incentive compensation under the Cash Bonus Program for each named executive officer. Based on our performance during fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee determined that the consolidated adjusted net income achieved was above the maximum level for the consolidated adjusted net income component; the consolidated bookings achieved was above the maximum level for the consolidated bookings component; the divisional operating income – Graham Manufacturing achieved was above the target level but below the maximum level for the divisional operating income – Graham Manufacturing component; the divisional bookings – Graham Manufacturing achieved was above the maximum level for the divisional bookings – Graham Manufacturing component; the divisional operating income – Barber-Nichols achieved was above the target level but below the maximum level for the divisional operating income – Barber-Nichols component; and the divisional bookings – Barber-Nichols achieved was below the threshold level for the divisional bookings – Barber-Nichols component of the Cash Bonus Program. The Compensation Committee determined that each of our named executive



GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT		27

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

officers, achieved the following percentages of their respective target personal goals: Mr. Thoren – 115%; Mr. Thome – 100%; Mr. Smith – 130%; and Mr. Malone – 180%. Based on these results and achievements, the cash incentive compensation earned under the Cash Bonus Program for our named executive officers for fiscal year 2024 was as follows:


Named Executive Officer	Bonus Award		Percent of Target Bonus		Percent of Maximum Available Bonus

Daniel J. Thoren	$	698,000		175%		87%

Christopher J. Thome	$	265,200		170%		85%

Alan E. Smith	$	241,566		155%		77%

Matthew Malone	$	249,678		160%		80%

The Compensation Committee sets what it believes are challenging goals for maximum bonus awards and expects that maximum bonus awards will be made only in extraordinary circumstances.

The amount of these cash awards earned by each named executive officer in fiscal year 2024 is shown in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column of the Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table.

Under the Cash Bonus Program, special awards may be made to a named executive officer who has made an extraordinary contribution to us during the fiscal year. Such awards are generally recommended in writing by our Chief Executive Officer to the Chair of the Compensation Committee and approved by the Compensation Committee before grant. The Compensation Committee did not approve any such awards in fiscal year 2024.

Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation

The Compensation Committee designed our Stock-Based Long-Term Incentive Award Plan for Senior Executives, which we refer to as the Stock Bonus Plan, to motivate our named executive officers to increase stockholder value by providing them with long-term stock-based awards for above-average Company performance. Our long-term incentive opportunities are intended to be competitive with the long-term incentive opportunities offered by the companies constituting our peer group. We issue awards pursuant to our 2020 Plan, a comprehensive executive compensation plan that provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, PSUs and other stock-related awards, as well as other awards that may be settled in cash or other property. All of our named executive officers currently employed by us are eligible to participate in the 2020 Plan.

The Compensation Committee designed the Stock Bonus Plan to create a tight link between the named executive officers’ stock-based compensation and the Company’s performance and business objectives. In fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee granted half of the awards in the form of RSUs, and the other half in the form of PSUs.

RSUs. We granted RSUs because we believe that RSUs help us retain our named executive officers by offering our named executive officers the opportunity to receive shares of our common stock if they continue to be employed by us on the date the RSUs vest. Unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, shares granted vest in equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the named executive officer’s continued employment at each such date.

PSUs. We granted PSUs because we believe that PSUs help us reward our named executive officers by conditioning the receipt of shares of our common stock upon the satisfaction of longer-term predetermined Company objectives. Unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, the PSUs vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant, subject to satisfaction of the performance metrics for the applicable three-year period and subject to continued employment through the third anniversary of the date of grant. The Compensation Committee typically approves the performance metrics and the other terms of the PSUs during our first quarter.

For fiscal year 2024 grants, the performance metric applicable to the PSUs is based upon the Company’s three-year cumulative adjusted EBITDA metric with linear interpolation applied between points and no payout if the results are below threshold. With respect to these grants, the Compensation Committee may consider extraordinary events that either positively or negatively affect the three-year cumulative adjusted EBITDA metric, and may in its discretion, include or exclude the impact of these events.



28		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The Compensation Committee determines the number of RSUs and PSUs to award to our named executive officers based on a percentage of each named executive officer’s annual base salary. The Compensation Committee determined the number of RSUs and PSUs to award to our named executive officers by using each such officer’s Long-Term Incentive Percentage, which we refer to as the L-T Percentage. For fiscal year 2024, the L-T Percentage in effect for each of our named executive officers was as follows: Mr. Thoren – 100%; and Messrs. Thome, Smith and Malone – 50%.

The number of RSUs awarded was determined by multiplying 50% of each named executive officer’s base salary in effect on the date of grant by such officer’s L-T Percentage, and then dividing the product by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on the date of grant. The number of PSUs was determined by multiplying 50% of each named executive officer’s base salary in effect on the date of grant by such officer’s L-T Percentage, and then dividing the product by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on the date of grant. The closing price of our common stock was $10.95 on May 17, 2023, the date of grant.

The Compensation Committee seeks to establish performance goals that are challenging but attainable based on our three-year business and financial plan for the year. When establishing performance goals, the Compensation Committee reviews and discusses our business and financial plans for that year and the opportunity to generate stockholder value. The Compensation Committee establishes a range of performance goals for the performance period as well as payment thresholds, targets and maximums for each goal.

Additional information regarding the awards granted to each named executive officer in fiscal year 2024 is set forth in the Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table and the Fiscal Year 2024 Grants of Plan-Based Awards table.

Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits

We provide limited perquisites and benefits. To attract, retain and reward named executive officers, we provide an overall benefit package similar to those received by similarly-situated executive officers at comparably-sized companies in our industry and geographic region.

During fiscal year 2024, we paid premiums for life insurance policies for the benefit of each of our named executive officers. We also make available to our named executive officers health insurance and long-term disability programs that are available to our other employees.

Our named executive officers also receive an allowance up to $2,500 for the purpose of purchasing term life insurance with a named beneficiary of each officer’s choosing. Our Chief Executive Officer is entitled to up to $5,000 for the purpose of purchasing term life insurance. Each of our named executive officers currently employed by us also participates in our long-term disability plan that is generally available to all of our salaried employees.

Retirement Benefits

We provide retirement benefits to our named executive officers to attract, retain and reward named executive officers by providing an overall benefit package similar to those received by similarly-situated executive officers at comparably-sized companies in our industry and geographic region.

All of our named executive officers participate in our Incentive Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”), which is a defined contribution plan that provides for both employer and employee contributions. The 401(k) Plan uses a “safe harbor” design that provides for a matching contribution of 100% of a participant’s deferrals up to 3% of compensation plus 50% of the next 2% of deferrals (for a maximum 4% matching contribution). Matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan are immediately vested. Additionally, eligible employees hired after January 1, 2003, including Messrs. Thoren, Thome and Malone, with at least one hour of service during the relevant plan year who are employed by us at the end of such year receive a contribution in an amount equal to 3.25% of eligible compensation received during such year, which contribution is paid on the first $345,000 of compensation, as adjusted for cost-of-living increases, in accordance with Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”).These additional contributions under the 401(k) Plan fully vest after four years of employment.

Mr. Smith is eligible to participate in our Retirement Income Plan, which is a defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of our domestic employees hired prior to January 1, 2003. Benefits are based on the employee’s years of service and average annual base salary for the five highest consecutive calendar years of compensation in the ten-year period preceding retirement, reduced to take into account a participant’s Social Security benefits paid for by the Company.



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Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Mr. Smith is also eligible to participate in our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, which we refer to as the Supplemental Plan. The Supplemental Plan is intended to provide eligible participants and their surviving spouses and beneficiaries with the amount of employer-provided retirement benefits that the Retirement Income Plan would provide, but for the limitation on compensation that may be recognized under tax-qualified plans imposed by Section 401(a)(17) of the Code and the limitations on benefits imposed by Section 415 of the Code. As of March 31, 2024, Mr. Smith had not accrued any benefit under our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.

We have provided more information about our defined benefit retirement plans and the benefits payable to our named executive officers under such plans under the heading “Pension Benefits at March 31, 2024.”

Employment Agreements and Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

We have employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. The decisions to enter into employment agreements and the terms of those agreements were based on our need to motivate and retain talent for our long-term growth and are consistent with similarly-situated executive officers at comparably sized companies in our industry and geographic region. The material terms of the employment agreements with our named executive officers are described under the heading “Employment Agreements.”

Pursuant to their respective employment agreements, we have agreed to provide payments to certain of our named executive officers in the event of a termination of employment as a result of normal and early retirement, involuntary termination, death, and disability. Messrs. Thoren and Thome are also eligible to receive additional payments in the event of termination following a change in control. We believe these arrangements promote stability and continuity of leadership to the benefit of our named executive officers and the Company. See “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” for further information regarding these arrangements.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

In order to more closely align the interests of our named executive officers with the interests of our stockholders, the Compensation Committee has established minimum stock ownership guidelines that require our named executive officers to work towards acquiring and maintaining specific levels of equity ownership interests in our common stock within specified time frames. A summary of our current stock ownership guidelines for our named executive officers is as follows:


Position		Stock Ownership Guideline

Chief Executive Officer		Common stock with a value equal to at least 4.00 times his annual base salary

Other named executive officers		Common stock with a value equal to at least 2.00 times his annual base salary

Our stock ownership guidelines also require our named executive officers to retain 50% of the net shares realized (after tax) when a RSU, PSU or restricted stock award (“RSA”) vests or a stock option is exercised until they are in compliance with the guidelines, unless waived by the Chair of the Compensation Committee.

The Compensation Committee monitors the progress made by our named executive officers in achieving their stock ownership guidelines and, if circumstances warrant, may modify the guidelines and/or time frames for one or more of our named executive officers. Under the guidelines, our named executive officers are directed to be in compliance with their respective ownership objectives within five years of becoming a named executive officer (with an additional two-fiscal year grace period if the guidelines are amended to increase the ownership target). If a named executive officer does not meet his ownership guidelines, the Compensation Committee may take that fact into consideration when evaluating such executive’s overall performance. As of the end of fiscal year 2024, all of our named executive officers were in compliance with our stock ownership guidelines, including three named executive officers who are in the grace period provided by the guidelines and expected to comply with the guidelines at the end of such period.

Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

Effective as of October 2, 2023, we adopted the Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with NYSE and SEC requirements. The Policy for Erroneously Awarded Compensation governs the recovery of erroneously awarded compensation received by executive officers on or after October 2, 2023 in the event of an



30		GRAHAM CORPORATION 2024 PROXY STATEMENT

Executive Compensation • Compensation Discussion and Analysis

accounting restatement. A copy of the Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is available on our website at www.grahamcorp.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheadings “Governance” and “Governance Documents.”

Certain Tax and Accounting Implications

We periodically review accounting and tax laws, rules and regulations that may apply to our compensation programs. However, tax and accounting considerations have not significantly impacted the compensation programs that we offer to our named executive officers.

We account for stock-based employee compensation at fair value of the awards on the grant date and recognize the related cost in our statements of operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Risk Considerations in our Compensation Programs

At least one time each year, we undertake a Company-wide analysis of our compensation programs to assess whether they create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our business. In fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee conducted its own risk assessment for our compensation programs and plans. As part of that assessment, the Compensation Committee reviewed the intent, purposes and practices of our compensation programs and plans. The Compensation Committee conducted this review in connection with a review of our business and growth strategies. Based on these reviews, we have concluded that our compensation programs are appropriately tailored to encourage employees to grow our business, but not incentivize them to do so in a way that is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our Company.

For example, our Cash Bonus Program and our Stock Bonus Plan, which are our two primary executive compensation programs, balance each other by providing compensation that rewards short-term (Cash Bonus Program) and long-term (Stock Bonus Plan) performance. The Cash Bonus Program balances risk by considering several performance metrics and capping the maximum payout a named executive officer can receive at 200% of target bonus level (target bonus level is between 100% and 50% of base salary for each of our named executive officers). In addition, our Stock Bonus Plan provides balanced incentives through equity-based compensation awards, which include RSUs and PSUs. The Compensation Committee believes that this mix of incentives, together with our executive stock ownership guidelines, encourages our named executive officers to achieve both short-term operating and long-term strategic objectives, including the long-term performance of our stock.



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Executive Compensation • Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table

Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table

The following table shows certain information about the compensation of our named executive officers for our two most recently completed fiscal years.


Name and Principal Position	Fiscal Year		Salary⁽¹⁾ ($)		Bonus ($)		Stock Awards⁽²⁾ ($)		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation⁽³⁾ ($)		Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings⁽⁴⁾ ($)		All Other Compensation⁽⁵⁾ ($)		Total ($)

Daniel J. Thoren		2024		400,000		730,000⁽⁶⁾		400,004		698,000		—		23,039		2,251,043
CEO		2023		400,000		—		400,000		238,000		—		36,557		1,074,557

Christopher J. Thome		2024		312,000		—		155,994		265,200		—		24,693		757,887
VP - Finance, CFO, CAO and Corporate Secretary		2023		288,884		—		144,996		115,999		—		15,057		564,936

Alan E. Smith		2024		312,000		—		155,994		241,566		70,072		16,165		795,797
VP and General Manager - Batavia

Matthew Malone		2024		312,000		312,396⁽⁷⁾		155,994		249,132		—		45,486		1,075,008
VP and GM - Barber-Nichols		2023		300,000		—		150,008		144,900		—		35,432		630,340

(1)	The amounts shown in this column include cash compensation earned and paid, and cash compensation deferred at the election of each named executive officer under our 401(k) Plan, for each fiscal year.

(2)

The amounts in this column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awards for each fiscal year presented pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The maximum grant date fair value of the PSUs granted in fiscal year 2024, assuming the highest level of performance conditions is achieved, is as follows: Mr. Thoren – $400,004; and Messrs. Thome, Malone and Smith – $155,994. We discuss the assumptions used to calculate grant date fair value in Note 1 (The Company and Its Accounting Policies) and Note 13 (Stock Compensation Plans) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report.

(3)	The amounts shown in this column reflect the cash payment made to our named executive officers under the Cash Bonus Program in effect for each fiscal year as determined by the Compensation Committee.

(4)

The amounts shown in this column reflect the changes in the actuarial present value under our Retirement Income Plan and our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for each fiscal year. Only Mr. Smith is eligible to participate in these plans See “Pension Benefits at March 31, 2024” for more information on our Retirement Income Plan and our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.

(5)	The amounts shown in the All Other Compensation column for fiscal year 2024 consists of the following:


Named Executive Officer	Insurance ($)		401(k) Plan Matching Contributions ($)		401(k) Plan Non-elective Contributions ($)		Vacation Payout ($)		Total ($)

Daniel J. Thoren		3,960		8,354		10,725		—		23,039

Christopher J. Thome		345		14,387		9,961		—		24,693

Alan E. Smith		2,845		13,320		—		—		16,165

Matthew Malone		945		11,278		10,725		22,538		45,486

(6)	This amount reflects the retention bonus that was payable to Mr. Thoren pursuant to his employment agreement if he remained employed through June 1, 2023. Please see “Employment Agreements” below for further information.

(7)

This amount includes a retention bonus of $250,000 that was payable to Mr. Malone pursuant to his employment agreement if he remained employed through June 1, 2023. Mr. Malone was awarded $62,396 pursuant to the Amended and Restated Performance Bonus Agreement in which employees of Barber-Nichols are eligible to participate. Please see “Employment Agreements” below for further information.



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Executive Compensation • Fiscal Year 2024 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

Fiscal Year 2024 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table shows information regarding the grants of annual incentive cash compensation and restricted stock during fiscal year 2024 to our named executive officers.


				Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards⁽¹⁾						Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards						All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (#)		Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards⁽²⁾ ($)
Name	Type of Award	Grant Date		Threshold ($)		Target ($)		Maximum ($)		Threshold (#)		Target (#)		Maximum (#)
Daniel J. Thoren	PSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23								9,133		18,265		36,530				200,002
	RSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23														18,265		200,002
	Annual Incentive				200,000		400,000		800,000
Christopher J. Thome	PSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23								3,562		7,123		14,246				77,997
	RSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23														7,123		77,997
	Annual Incentive				78,000		156,000		312,000
Alan E. Smith	PSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23								3,562		7,123		14,246				77,997
Alan E. Smith	RSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23														7,123		77,997
	Annual Incentive				78,000		156,000		312,000
Matthew Malone	PSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23								3,562		7,123		14,246				77,997
	RSUs⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		5/17/23														7,123		77,997
	Annual Incentive				78,000		156,000		312,000

(1)

The amounts shown in these columns reflect the incentive cash compensation amounts that potentially could have been earned during fiscal year 2024 based upon the achievement of Company and individual performance goals under our Cash Bonus Program. The amount of actual cash awards earned in fiscal year 2024 by our named executive officers under our Cash Bonus Program are set forth in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column in the Fiscal Year 2024 Summary Compensation Table. For more information regarding annual incentive cash compensation under our Cash Bonus Program, see “Annual Cash Incentive Compensation” in the CD&A.

(2)

The amounts in this column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation of the stock awards granted in fiscal year 2024. A discussion of the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair values is set forth in Note 1 (The Company and Its Accounting Policies) and Note 13 (Stock Compensation Plans) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report.

(3)

Per the terms of the awards, upon death or disability of a named executive officer, and, for Messrs. Smith and Malone, upon termination without cause or resignation for good reason within the 12 month period following a change in control, any outstanding RSUs will vest in full, and any outstanding PSUs will vest pro-rata based on the target level of the applicable performance goals, as further described under “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” below. In addition to death and disability, for Messrs. Thoren and Thome, per their employment agreements, upon termination without cause or resignation for good reason following a change in control, any outstanding RSUs and PSUs will vest in full, as further described under “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” below.

(4)

Per the terms of the award, upon the retirement of the individual at the age of 65 or later, any outstanding RSUs will continue to vest in accordance with the vesting schedule for the award, and any outstanding PSUs will vest pro-rata based on the satisfaction of the applicable performance goals as determined at the end of the performance period, as further described under “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” below.

Employment Agreements

During fiscal year 2024, we were a party to employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. The following is a summary of the key terms of each of these employment agreements.

Daniel J. Thoren. We entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Restated Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Thoren effective as of the close of business on August 31, 2021, which amended and restated the employment agreement between us and Mr. Thoren dated as of June 1, 2021 (the “Previous Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Restated Employment Agreement, Mr. Thoren serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective as of the close of business on August 31, 2021 (having previously served as our President and Chief Operating Officer under the Previous Employment Agreement). The Restated Employment



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Executive Compensation • Fiscal Year 2024 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

Agreement automatically renews such that it always has a one-year term remaining, unless we or Mr. Thoren elect not to extend the term further, in which case the term will end on the first anniversary of the date on which notice of such election not to extend is given. If not terminated sooner, the Restated Employment Agreement will end on the last day of the month in which Mr. Thoren turns 65. Mr. Thoren’s initial base salary rate pursuant to the Restated Employment Agreement is $400,000 per year. The Restated Employment Agreement also provides for us to make certain payments to Mr. Thoren in the event we terminate his employment without cause or upon the occurrence of certain events relating to a change in control of the Company, as described under “Involuntary Termination” and “Termination Following a Change in Control” under the heading “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

In addition, if Mr. Thoren’s employment with us is terminated for any reason, he will be subject to a covenant not to disclose to anyone our confidential information as well as a 12-month covenant not to compete with us and not to interfere in certain of our business relationships.

The Restated Employment Agreement also provides that we will indemnify Mr. Thoren for all acts or omissions and for any suits brought against him which relate to duties he performed in good faith for us.

Pursuant to the Restated Employment Agreement, Mr. Thoren was entitled to receive a retention bonus of $730,000 as of June 1, 2023 for having remained continuously and actively employed by the Company through such date.

Christopher J. Thome. As of March 7, 2022, we entered into an Employment Agreement, effective as of April 4, 2022 with Mr. Thome, our Vice President – Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Secretary. Mr. Thome’s agreement automatically renews such that it always has a one-year term remaining, unless we or Mr. Thome elect not to extend the term further, in which case the term will end on the first anniversary of the date on which notice of such election not to extend is given. If not terminated sooner, the agreement will end on the last day of the month in which Mr. Thome turns 65. Mr. Thome’s initial base salary rate pursuant to the agreement was $290,000 per year. The agreement also provides for us to make certain payments to Mr. Thome in the event we terminate his employment without cause or upon the occurrence of certain events relating to a change in control of the Company, as described under “Involuntary Termination” and “Termination Following a Change in Control” under the heading “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

In addition, if Mr. Thome’s employment with us is terminated for any reason, he will be subject to a covenant not to disclose to anyone our confidential information as well as a 12-month covenant not to compete with us and not to interfere in certain of our business relationships.

The agreement also provides that we will indemnify Mr. Thome for all acts or omissions and for any suits brought against him which relate to duties he performed in good faith for us.

Alan E. Smith. On July 30, 2007, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Smith, as subsequently amended on December 31, 2008. The agreement provides that Mr. Smith will receive an annual minimum base salary as well as other customary benefits. Mr. Smith’s agreement automatically renews such that it always has a one-year term remaining, unless we or Mr. Smith elect not to extend the term further, in which case the term will end on the first anniversary of the date on which notice of such election not to extend is given. If not terminated sooner, the agreement will end on the last day of the month in which Mr. Smith turns 65. Mr. Smith’s initial base salary rate pursuant to the agreement was $152,500.

Pursuant to