Daily Active Users increased 15% year-over-year to 383 million

First quarter revenue was $989 million

Operating cash flow was $151 million and Free Cash Flow was $103 million

Snap Inc. (NYSE:SNAP) today announced financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

"Our community continues to grow, reaching 383 million daily active users in Q1, and we are working to deepen engagement with our content platform while building innovative new features and services like My AI," said Evan Spiegel, CEO. "We are working to accelerate our revenue growth and we are using this opportunity to make significant improvements to our advertising platform to help drive increased return on investment for our advertising partners."

Q1 2023 Financial Summary

Revenue was $989 million, compared to $1,063 million in the prior year.
Net loss was $329 million, compared to $360 million in the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA was $1 million, compared to $64 million in the prior year.
Operating cash flow was $151 million, compared to $127 million in the prior year.
Free Cash Flow was $103 million, compared to $106 million in the prior year.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Percent Change
		2023			2022		Percent Change

(Unaudited)	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue	$	988,608		$	1,062,727		(7	)%
Operating loss	$	(365,264	)	$	(271,527	)	(35	)%
Net loss	$	(328,674	)	$	(359,624	)	9	%
Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾	$	813		$	64,468		(99	)%
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	151,102		$	127,459		19	%
Free Cash Flow⁽²⁾	$	103,472		$	106,284		(3	)%
Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.22	)	5	%
Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share⁽³⁾	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)	163	%

(1)		See page 10 for reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA.
(2)		See page 10 for reconciliation of net cash provided by (used in) operating activities to Free Cash Flow.
(3)		See page 11 for reconciliation of diluted net loss per share to non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share.

Q1 2023 Summary & Key Highlights

We grew and deepened our engagement with our community:

DAUs were 383 million in Q1 2023, an increase of 51 million, or 15% year-over-year.
DAUs increased sequentially and year-over-year in each of North America, Europe, and Rest of World.
Total time spent watching Spotlight content grew more than 170% year-over-year, and Spotlight reached more than 350 million monthly active users on average in Q1, representing an increase of 46% year-over-year.
We launched My AI, a new AI-powered chatbot to make conversational artificial intelligence useful and enjoyable for our community, and surface the best of Snapchat to our community, including relevant AR Lenses and recommendations from the Snap Map.
We introduced 3D to the Snap Map to highlight Places and make the Map more personal, fun, and engaging.
We introduced our new Content Controls feature in Family Center that allows parents to filter the types of content their teens can watch on Snapchat.
We announced new safeguards to My AI, including a new age signal and time out functionality.
We launched two new Sounds creative tools to make it easier to discover and share music — Sounds Recommendations for Lenses and Sounds Sync for Camera Roll.

We are focused on expanding and diversifying our revenue growth:

We simplified Ads Manager create workflows, improved ad management experiences on mobile, redesigned the creative library and simplified our payments onboarding experiences.
We transitioned to a new ad format for Snapchatters that aligned ad design with content design, which is an important input toward a consistent and unified content and advertising interaction experience across Spotlight and Stories.
Apparel company Courir saw a 24% decrease in cost per purchase within Ads Manager and a 43% increase in ROAS reported in Google Analytics after implementing the 7/0 Pixel Purchase optimization model.
Snapchat+, our subscription service that offers exclusive, experimental, and pre-release features, reached over 3 million paying subscribers in Q1.
We launched Generative AI Backgrounds, an exclusive Snapchat+ feature that allows Snapchatters to generate fun backgrounds for their profiles using free-form text prompts.
We launched AR Enterprise Services (ARES), our new SaaS business, bringing our world-class AR technology suite beyond Snapchat, and into customers' owned-and-operated apps and websites; early customers include Goodr, Princess Polly, and Gobi Cashmere.
Goodr leveraged our AR Try-On to replicate the experience of in-store shopping on customers' mobile devices, and saw an 81% uplift in add-to-cart and a 67% uplift in conversion for mobile device users, leading to a 59% increase in revenue per shopper.
Princess Polly incorporated our fit & sizing technology Fit Finder for recommendations and our AR Image Try-On feature to deliver over 50 million recommendations and saw a 24% lower product return rate when shoppers used the technology.
Gobi Cashmere's shoppers using Fit Finder for recommendations and AR Try-On for clothing features were 4x as likely to convert.

We invested in our augmented reality platform:

Ray Tracing, which enables photorealistic quality on digital objects, is now available in Lens Studio to developers around the world.
We introduced support for Version Control for project collaboration in Lens Studio, enabling developers to collaborate simultaneously on new or existing Lens Studio projects while maintaining the integrity of their source code.
We introduced Portrait Relighting, which gives developers the ability to enhance or change the light and background of photos, as well as add their own custom lighting to photos.
Lens Studio's start screen now has a dedicated Learn Tab that offers educational materials like videos and guides to help developers learn how to build Lenses.
Powered by Camera Kit, Microsoft Teams brought Snapchat Lenses right into video meetings to help colleagues communicate and collaborate as they discuss projects.
We announced a new integration with Disguise, an industry leader in live event visualization technology, that will bring Snap AR to the world's largest venues and tours.
We partnered with the NFL to create a 3D model of the State Farm Stadium so fans on the NFL app could see what it's like inside the official Super Bowl LVII stadium, and a Snapchat Lens of the stadium allowed them to keep up with the game in real time through AR.
We partnered with British Vogue for an immersive experience through Vogue x Snapchat: Redefining the Body, which allowed visitors to enter the worlds of renowned designers and try on iconic digital designs from Dior, Kenneth Ize, Richard Quinn, Stella McCartney, Thebe Magugu, and Versace.
Our AR Studio in Paris created a unique AR experience for International Women's Day by installing eight AR statues of important female figures in French history across eight French cities.

Financial Guidance

We are not providing formal guidance for revenue or adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of 2023.

Conference Call Information

Snap Inc. will host a conference call to discuss the results at 2:30 p.m. Pacific / 5:30 p.m. Eastern today. The live audio webcast along with supplemental information will be accessible at investor.snap.com. A recording of the webcast will also be available following the conference call.

Snap Inc. uses its websites (including snap.com and investor.snap.com) as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligation under Regulation FD.

Definitions

Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, reduced by purchases of property and equipment.

Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards includes common shares outstanding, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and outstanding stock options.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), excluding interest income; interest expense, other income (expense), net; income tax benefit (expense); depreciation and amortization; stock-based compensation expense; payroll and other tax expense related to stock-based compensation; and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time.

A Daily Active User (DAU) is defined as a registered Snapchat user who opens the Snapchat application at least once during a defined 24-hour period. We calculate average DAUs for a particular quarter by adding the number of DAUs on each day of that quarter and dividing that sum by the number of days in that quarter.

Average revenue per user (ARPU) is defined as quarterly revenue divided by the average DAUs.

A Monthly Active User (MAU) is defined as a registered Snapchat user who opens the Snapchat application at least once during the 30-day period ending on the calendar month-end. We calculate average Monthly Active Users for a particular quarter by calculating the average of the MAUs as of each calendar month-end in that quarter.

Note: For adjustments and additional information regarding the non-GAAP financial measures and other items discussed, please see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures," "Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures," and "Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics."

About Snap Inc.

Snap Inc. is a technology company. We believe the camera presents the greatest opportunity to improve the way people live and communicate. We contribute to human progress by empowering people to express themselves, live in the moment, learn about the world, and have fun together. For more information, visit snap.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release, including statements regarding guidance, our future results of operations or financial condition, our future stock repurchase programs or stock dividends, business strategy and plans, user growth and engagement, product initiatives, objectives of management for future operations, and advertiser and partner offerings, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "going to," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "target," "will," or "would" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. We caution you that the foregoing may not include all of the forward-looking statements made in this press release.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this press release primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends, including our financial outlook, macroeconomic uncertainty, geo-political conflicts, and the persisting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, that we believe may continue to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties related to: our financial performance; our ability to attain and sustain profitability; our ability to generate and sustain positive cash flow; our ability to attract and retain users, partners, and advertisers; competition and new market entrants; managing our growth and future expenses; compliance with new laws, regulations, and executive actions; our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property; our ability to succeed in existing and new market segments; our ability to attract and retain qualified team members and key personnel; our ability to repay outstanding debt; future acquisitions, divestitures, or investments; and the potential adverse impact of climate change, natural disasters, health epidemics, macroeconomic conditions, and war or other armed conflict, as well as risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our most recent periodic report filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which is available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Additional information will be made available in Snap Inc.'s periodic report that will be filed with the SEC for the period covered by this press release and other filings that we make from time to time with the SEC. In addition, any forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable as of this date. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this press release or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, including future developments related to geo-political conflicts, the persisting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and macroeconomic conditions, except as required by law.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, as described below, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures, which may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors' overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

We use the non-GAAP financial measure of Free Cash Flow, which is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, reduced by purchases of property and equipment. We believe Free Cash Flow is an important liquidity measure of the cash that is available, after capital expenditures, for operational expenses and investment in our business and is a key financial indicator used by management. Additionally, we believe that Free Cash Flow is an important measure since we use third-party infrastructure partners to host our services and therefore we do not incur significant capital expenditures to support revenue generating activities. Free Cash Flow is useful to investors as a liquidity measure because it measures our ability to generate or use cash. Once our business needs and obligations are met, cash can be used to maintain a strong balance sheet and invest in future growth.

We use the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income (loss); excluding interest income; interest expense; other income (expense), net; income tax benefit (expense); depreciation and amortization; stock-based compensation expense; payroll and other tax expense related to stock-based compensation; and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in Adjusted EBITDA.

We use the non-GAAP financial measure of non-GAAP net income (loss), which is defined as net income (loss); excluding amortization of intangible assets; stock-based compensation expense; payroll and other tax expense related to stock-based compensation; certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time; and related income tax adjustments. Non-GAAP net income (loss) and weighted average diluted shares are then used to calculate non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share. Similar to Adjusted EBITDA, we believe these measures help identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses we exclude in the measure.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our financial performance, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by our management for financial and operational decision-making. We are presenting these non-GAAP measures to assist investors in seeing our financial performance through the eyes of management, and because we believe that these measures provide an additional tool for investors to use in comparing our core financial performance over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.

For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, please see "Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Snap Inc., "Snapchat," and our other registered and common law trade names, trademarks, and service marks are the property of Snap Inc. or our subsidiaries.

SNAP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(328,674	)	$	(359,624	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		35,220			38,100
Stock-based compensation		314,931			275,444
Amortization of debt issuance costs		1,836			1,413
Losses (gains) on debt and equity securities, net		(10,833	)		79,127
Other		(10,396	)		1,125
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance		288,373			126,027
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(13,204	)		(27,178	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		17,658			16,984
Other assets		850			(308	)
Accounts payable		(36,972	)		54,980
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(90,191	)		(62,828	)
Operating lease liabilities		(18,550	)		(17,816	)
Other liabilities		1,054			2,013
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		151,102			127,459
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(47,630	)		(21,175	)
Purchases of strategic investments		(4,480	)		(150	)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		—			(788	)
Purchases of marketable securities		(874,053	)		(1,342,381	)
Sales of marketable securities		5,351			9,777
Maturities of marketable securities		924,323			342,545
Other		2,327			(5,493	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		5,838			(1,017,665	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs		—			1,483,500
Purchase of capped calls		—			(177,000	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		29			2,266
Deferred payments for acquisitions		(2,028	)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(1,999	)		1,308,766
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		154,941			418,560
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period		1,423,776			1,994,723
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	1,578,717		$	2,413,283
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	17,003		$	2,636
Cash paid for interest	$	4,421		$	3,454

SNAP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Revenue	$	988,608		$	1,062,727
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		439,986			420,897
Research and development		455,112			455,563
Sales and marketing		268,433			241,886
General and administrative		190,341			215,908
Total costs and expenses		1,353,872			1,334,254
Operating loss		(365,264	)		(271,527	)
Interest income		37,948			3,123
Interest expense		(5,885	)		(5,173	)
Other income (expense), net		11,372			(77,537	)
Loss before income taxes		(321,829	)		(351,114	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(6,845	)		(8,510	)
Net loss	$	(328,674	)	$	(359,624	)
Net loss per share attributable to Class A, Class B, and Class C common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.22	)
Weighted average shares used in computation of net loss per share:
Basic		1,581,370			1,619,113
Diluted		1,581,370			1,619,113

SNAP INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value, unaudited)

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,578,528		$	1,423,121
Marketable securities		2,524,904			2,516,003
Accounts receivable, net of allowance		892,511			1,183,092
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		146,973			134,431
Total current assets		5,142,916			5,256,647
Property and equipment, net		303,022			271,777
Operating lease right-of-use assets		355,062			370,952
Intangible assets, net		186,724			204,480
Goodwill		1,649,097			1,646,120
Other assets		251,569			279,562
Total assets	$	7,888,390		$	8,029,538
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	141,800		$	181,774
Operating lease liabilities		50,787			46,485
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		898,897			987,340
Total current liabilities		1,091,484			1,215,599
Convertible senior notes, net		3,744,237			3,742,520
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent		368,526			386,271
Other liabilities		105,703			104,450
Total liabilities		5,309,950			5,448,840
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Class A non-voting common stock, $0.00001 par value. 3,000,000 shares authorized, 1,391,998 shares issued, 1,341,056 shares outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 3,000,000 shares authorized, 1,371,242 shares issued, 1,319,930 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022.		13			13
Class B voting common stock, $0.00001 par value. 700,000 shares authorized, 22,522 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 700,000 shares authorized, 22,529 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022.		—			—
Class C voting common stock, $0.00001 par value. 260,888 shares authorized, 231,627 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 260,888 shares authorized, 231,627 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022.		2			2
Treasury stock, at cost. 50,942 and 51,312 shares of Class A non-voting common stock at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.		(496,906	)		(500,514	)
Additional paid-in capital		13,620,326			13,309,828
Accumulated deficit		(10,543,331	)		(10,214,657	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,664	)		(13,974	)
Total stockholders' equity		2,578,440			2,580,698
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	7,888,390		$	8,029,538

SNAP INC.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
(in thousands, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Free Cash Flow reconciliation:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	151,102		$	127,459
Less:
Purchases of property and equipment		(47,630	)		(21,175	)
Free Cash Flow	$	103,472		$	106,284

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation:
Net loss	$	(328,674	)	$	(359,624	)
Add (deduct):
Interest income		(37,948	)		(3,123	)
Interest expense		5,885			5,173
Other (income) expense, net		(11,372	)		77,537
Income tax (benefit) expense		6,845			8,510
Depreciation and amortization		35,220			38,100
Stock-based compensation expense		314,931			275,444
Payroll and other tax expense related to stock-based compensation		15,926			22,451
Adjusted EBITDA	$	813		$	64,468

Total depreciation and amortization expense by function:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Depreciation and amortization expense:
Cost of revenue	$	3,226	$	5,512
Research and development		24,139		22,123
Sales and marketing		5,073		7,392
General and administrative		2,782		3,073
Total	$	35,220	$	38,100

SNAP INC.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (continued)
(in thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited)

Total stock-based compensation expense by function:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock-based compensation expense:
Cost of revenue	$	1,885	$	2,446
Research and development		219,850		182,866
Sales and marketing		54,939		42,071
General and administrative		38,257		48,061
Total	$	314,931	$	275,444

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Non-GAAP net income (loss) reconciliation:
Net loss	$	(328,674	)	$	(359,624	)
Amortization of intangible assets		17,755			22,505
Stock-based compensation expense		314,931			275,444
Payroll and other tax expense related to stock-based compensation		15,926			22,451
Income tax adjustments		32			(61	)
Non-GAAP net income (loss)	$	19,970		$	(39,285	)

Weighted-average common shares - Diluted		1,581,370			1,619,113

Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share reconciliation:
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.22	)
Non-GAAP adjustment to net loss		0.22			0.20
Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.01		$	(0.02	)

SNAP INC.
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND BUSINESS METRICS
(dollars and shares in thousands, except per user amounts, unaudited)

	Q4 2021			Q1 2022			Q2 2022			Q3 2022			Q4 2022			Q1 2023

	(NM = Not Meaningful)
Cash Flows and Shares
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	185,528		$	127,459		$	(124,081	)	$	55,945		$	125,291		$	151,102
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities - YoY (year-over-year)		453	%		(7	)%		23	%		(22	)%		(32	)%		19	%
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities - TTM (trailing twelve months)	$	292,880		$	283,453		$	260,458		$	244,851		$	184,614		$	208,257
Purchases of property and equipment	$	(24,565	)	$	(21,175	)	$	(23,370	)	$	(37,836	)	$	(46,925	)	$	(47,630	)
Purchases of property and equipment - YoY		49	%		95	%		60	%		91	%		91	%		(125	)%
Purchases of property and equipment - TTM	$	(69,875	)	$	(80,199	)	$	(88,946	)	$	(106,946	)	$	(129,306	)	$	(155,761	)
Free Cash Flow	$	160,963		$	106,284		$	(147,451	)	$	18,109		$	78,366		$	103,472
Free Cash Flow - YoY		333	%		(16	)%		(27	)%		(65	)%		(51	)%		(3	)%
Free Cash Flow - TTM	$	223,005		$	203,254		$	171,512		$	137,905		$	55,308		$	52,496
Common shares outstanding		1,619,283			1,632,563			1,644,974			1,605,868			1,574,086			1,595,205
Common shares outstanding - YoY		8	%		7	%		4	%		0	%		(3	)%		(2	)%
Shares underlying stock-based awards		82,814			75,066			92,105			94,772			131,718			128,218
Shares underlying stock-based awards - YoY		(34	)%		(32	)%		(12	)%		2	%		59	%		71	%
Total common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards		1,702,097			1,707,629			1,737,079			1,700,640			1,705,804			1,723,423
Total common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards - YoY		4	%		5	%		3	%		—	%		—	%		1	%

Results of Operations
Revenue	$	1,297,885		$	1,062,727		$	1,110,909		$	1,128,476		$	1,299,735		$	988,608
Revenue - YoY		42	%		38	%		13	%		6	%		0.1	%		(7	)%
Revenue - TTM	$	4,117,048		$	4,410,191		$	4,538,992		$	4,599,997		$	4,601,847		$	4,527,728
Revenue by region ⁽¹⁾
North America	$	932,077		$	758,261		$	785,681		$	811,602		$	880,310		$	639,896
North America - YoY		41	%		37	%		12	%		3	%		(6	)%		(16	)%
North America - TTM	$	2,973,701		$	3,178,990		$	3,262,936		$	3,287,621		$	3,235,854		$	3,117,489
Europe	$	208,912		$	162,132		$	170,097		$	161,396		$	218,552		$	157,760
Europe - YoY		48	%		43	%		12	%		5	%		5	%		(3	)%
Europe - TTM	$	627,920		$	676,433		$	694,262		$	702,537		$	712,177		$	707,805
Rest of World	$	156,896		$	142,334		$	155,131		$	155,478		$	200,873		$	190,952
Rest of World - YoY		42	%		38	%		21	%		22	%		28	%		34	%
Rest of World - TTM	$	515,427		$	554,768		$	581,794		$	609,839		$	653,816		$	702,434
Operating loss	$	(25,127	)	$	(271,527	)	$	(400,940	)	$	(435,242	)	$	(287,597	)	$	(365,264	)
Operating loss - YoY		74	%		11	%		(108	)%		(141	)%		NM			(35	)%
Operating loss - Margin		(2	)%		(26	)%		(36	)%		(39	)%		(22	)%		(37	)%
Operating loss - TTM	$	(702,069	)	$	(669,990	)	$	(878,418	)	$	(1,132,836	)	$	(1,395,306	)	$	(1,489,043	)
Net income (loss)	$	22,550		$	(359,624	)	$	(422,067	)	$	(359,502	)	$	(288,460	)	$	(328,674	)
Net income (loss) - YoY		120	%		(25	)%		(178	)%		(400	)%		NM			9	%
Net income (loss) - TTM	$	(487,955	)	$	(560,697	)	$	(831,100	)	$	(1,118,643	)	$	(1,429,653	)	$	(1,398,703	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	326,793		$	64,468		$	7,190		$	72,640		$	233,275		$	813
Adjusted EBITDA - YoY		97	%		3872	%		(94	)%		(58	)%		(29	)%		(99	)%
Adjusted EBITDA - Margin ⁽²⁾		25	%		6	%		1	%		6	%		18	%		0.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA - TTM	$	616,686		$	682,863		$	572,650		$	471,091		$	377,573		$	313,918

(1)		Total revenue for geographic reporting is apportioned to each region based on our determination of the geographic location in which advertising impressions are delivered, as this approximates revenue based on user activity. This allocation is consistent with how we determine ARPU.
(2)		We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by GAAP revenue.

SNAP INC.
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND BUSINESS METRICS (continued)
(dollars and shares in thousands, except per user amounts, unaudited)

	Q4 2021			Q1 2022			Q2 2022			Q3 2022			Q4 2022			Q1 2023
Other
DAU (in millions)		319			332			347			363			375			383
DAU - YoY		20	%		18	%		18	%		19	%		17	%		15	%
DAU by region (in millions)
North America		97			98			99			100			100			100
North America - YoY		6	%		5	%		4	%		4	%		3	%		3	%
Europe		82			84			86			88			92			93
Europe - YoY		11	%		10	%		10	%		11	%		12	%		10	%
Rest of World		140			150			162			175			183			190
Rest of World - YoY		41	%		36	%		35	%		34	%		31	%		27	%
ARPU	$	4.06		$	3.20		$	3.20		$	3.11		$	3.47		$	2.58
ARPU - YoY		18	%		17	%		(4	)%		(11	)%		(15	)%		(19	)%
ARPU by region
North America	$	9.58		$	7.77		$	7.93		$	8.13		$	8.77		$	6.37
North America - YoY		33	%		31	%		8	%		(1	)%		(9	)%		(18	)%
Europe	$	2.54		$	1.93		$	1.98		$	1.83		$	2.38		$	1.70
Europe - YoY		33	%		30	%		2	%		(5	)%		(6	)%		(12	)%
Rest of World	$	1.12		$	0.95		$	0.96		$	0.89		$	1.10		$	1.00
Rest of World - YoY		1	%		2	%		(11	)%		(9	)%		(2	)%		6	%
Employees (full-time; excludes part-time, contractors, and temporary personnel)		5,661			6,131			6,446			5,706			5,288			5,201
Employees - YoY		47	%		52	%		38	%		10	%		(7	)%		(15	)%

Depreciation and amortization expense
Cost of revenue	$	4,832		$	5,512		$	5,061		$	5,548		$	8,114		$	3,226
Research and development		19,444			22,123			22,362			23,722			29,834			24,139
Sales and marketing		7,118			7,392			49,061			4,586			6,130			5,073
General and administrative		3,469			3,073			2,807			2,435			4,413			2,782
Total	$	34,863		$	38,100		$	79,291		$	36,291		$	48,491		$	35,220
Depreciation and amortization expense - YoY		53	%		62	%		180	%		12	%		39	%		(8	)%

Stock-based compensation expense
Cost of revenue	$	2,586		$	2,446		$	2,849		$	2,745		$	4,248		$	1,885
Research and development		202,953			182,866			221,650			246,783			319,447			219,850
Sales and marketing		45,991			42,071			48,577			43,098			69,346			54,939
General and administrative		46,034			48,061			45,734			50,333			57,533			38,257
Total	$	297,564		$	275,444		$	318,810		$	342,959		$	450,574		$	314,931
Stock-based compensation expense - YoY		35	%		16	%		24	%		14	%		51	%		14	%

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230427005858/en/

Snap Inc. Announces First Quarter 2023 Financial Results