S-3 1 forms-3.htm S-3

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 8, 2026

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		13-3545623
(State or other jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification Number)

425 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 403

Roseland, New Jersey 07068

(973) 535-2717

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Eric Hines

Chief Executive Officer

Milestone Scientific Inc.

425 Eagle Rock Ave, Suite 403

Roseland, New Jersey 07068

(973) 535-2717

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of agent for service)

Copy to:

Lawrence M. Bell, Esq.
Tarter Krinsky & Drogin LLP
1350 Broadway, New York, New York 10018
(212) 574-0392

From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐		Non-accelerated filer ☒
Smaller reporting company ☒		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Milestone Scientific Inc., or the Company, is registering under this registration statement an aggregate of $45,000,000 of securities, including, in accordance with Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, $41,763,620 of unsold securities previously registered under the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-275088).

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated September 8, 2026

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC.

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Warrants

Subscription Rights

Units

This prospectus relates to common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription and other rights and units that we may sell from time to time in one or more offerings up to a total public offering price of $45,000,000 on terms to be determined at the time of sale. We may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. We will provide specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement for those securities.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities for sale pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide the specific terms of these offerings and the securities offered in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with such offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus

supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered.

The securities may be sold directly by us, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents, underwriters or dealers and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts and options to purchase additional shares will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. For additional information, please refer to the sections titled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.

No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.

We are a “smaller reporting company” under applicable federal securities laws and, as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and may elect to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements in future filings. See “Summary — Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company.”

Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus and any similar section contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “MLSS”. On September 2, 2026, the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE American was $0.46 per share.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is September 8, 2026.

Table of Contents

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	1

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	2

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	4

RISK FACTORS	6

USE OF PROCEEDS	7

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER	7

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK WE MAY OFFER	8

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS OR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS WE MAY OFFER	11

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS WE MAY OFFER	12

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	12

CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OF THE COMPANY’S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS	14

LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES	16

LEGAL MATTERS	19

EXPERTS	19

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	19

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE	20

SIGNATURES	II-5

POWER OF ATTORNEY	II-5

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

All references in this prospectus to “Milestone Scientific,” “us,” “our,” “we,” the “Company, or “Milestone” or “Milestone Scientific”, and similar designations refer to Milestone Scientific Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, Wand Dental, Inc., Milestone Innovations Inc. and Milestone Education LLC, unless the context otherwise indicates. Milestone Scientific is the owner of the following registered U.S. trademarks: CompuDent^®; CompuMed^®; CompuFlo ^®; DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing technology^®; Milestone Scientific ^®; CathCheck^®; the Milestone logo ^®; SafetyWand^®; STA Single Tooth Anesthesia Device^®; and The Wand ^®. Our name “Milestone Scientific,” the Milestone Scientific logo and other trademarks or service marks of Milestone Scientific Inc. appearing in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein or therein are the property of Milestone Scientific Inc. Other trademarks, service marks or trade names appearing in this prospectus in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein or therein are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ^®, ™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell any combination of securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total aggregate offering price of $45,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.

Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described in the section titled “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities offered.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.

The information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the sections titled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form S-3 contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to be covered by the “safe harbor” created by those sections.

Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “continue”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend” and similar expressions or other comparable terms and references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this prospectus regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding expectations for revenues, cash flows and financial performance, the anticipated results of our development efforts, product features and the timing for receipt of required regulatory approvals and product launches.

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions, and involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving the continued expansion of our business. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive, and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately. Although we believe that our assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

	●	future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond the control of Milestone Scientific,
	●	we are a small, non-diversified medical device company with a history of limited revenue and significant operating losses and our prospects must be evaluated considering the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficulties frequently encountered by similarly situated companies,
	●	we have incurred significant losses since our inception, and these operating losses are expected to continue and we are unable to predict the extent of future losses, whether we will generate significant revenues, or whether we will achieve or sustain profitability,
	●	our need for additional funding for our operations and that we may be unable to raise capital when needed, which may force us to delay, curtail, or eliminate parts of the Company’s operations,
	●	sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, may adversely impact the price of our common stock,
	●	raising additional funds by issuing securities or through licensing or lending arrangements may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish proprietary rights, and your percentage ownership in the Company may be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise, including any equity awards that the Company will grant to its directors, officers, employees and consultants,
	●	our failure to regain or continue compliance with the strict listing requirements of NYSE American may subject us to delisting. As a result, our stock price may decline, and our common stock may be de-listed. If our stock were no longer listed on NYSE American, the liquidity of our securities likely would be impaired,
	●	our ability to raise additional capital may be limited by a low trading volume, stock price and market capitalization, as well as by laws, regulations and market conditions,
	●	our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue as a going concern without raising additional capital,
	●	the early stage operations of and relative lack of acceptance of our medical products,
	●	relying exclusively on third parties to manufacture our products, changes in our informal manufacturing arrangements made by the manufacturer of our products, disruptions at the manufacturing facility of our manufacturers, and failure to maintain existing supply relationships,

	●	changes to our distribution arrangements expose us to risks of interruption of marketing efforts and building new marketing channels,
	●	changes in our informal manufacturing arrangements made by the manufacturer of our products and disruptions at the manufacturing facility of our manufacturers, including shortages of or delays in obtaining chips and other components, expose us to risks that may harm our business,
	●	our sales and marketing efforts in the United States rely upon our E-Commerce platform,
	●	if physicians do not accept or use our CompuFlo Epidural Computer Controlled Anesthesia System, our ability to generate revenue from sales will be materially impaired,
	●	if our technology does not perform as expected, or if we fail to successfully develop, commercialize, or sell new or enhanced products or penetrate new markets, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected,
	●	exposure to the risks inherent in international sales and operations, including China, and our business is exposed to risks associated with the economic, environmental, and political conditions in China because the sole manufacturer of our handpieces is in China,
	●	the changing tariff and trade policies of the United States and China, and developments by competitors may render our products or technologies obsolete or non-competitive,
	●	our ability to commercialize our products will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement will be available from governmental agencies, health administration authorities, private health maintenance organizations and health insurers, and other healthcare payers,
	●	healthcare reform laws and regulations significantly affect the U.S. healthcare services industry,
	●	we are subject to substantial domestic and international government regulation, including regulatory quality standards applicable to our manufacturing and quality processes; failure by us to comply with these standards could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations,
	●	changes to United States federal and state regulatory agencies may cause disruptions and delays in the approval processes and regulations relating to our products,
	●	issues with product quality could have a material adverse effect upon our business, subject us to regulatory actions and cause a loss of customer confidence in us or our products,
	●	international conflict has affected commerce worldwide, geopolitical instability, labor unrest, and economic disruptions in certain foreign jurisdictions, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition, and
	●	we may not be able to attract and retain qualified employees.

The inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by Milestone Scientific or any other person that the objectives and plans of Milestone Scientific will be achieved. A description of some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those described by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus appears in the section captioned “Risk Factors” as well as the risk factors described under the section captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our most recent fiscal year (together with any material changes thereto contained in subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K) and those contained in our other filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and elsewhere in this prospectus. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because of the risks and uncertainties related to them and to the risk factors. Any forward-looking statement made by us herein is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Company Overview

Milestone Scientific is a biomedical technology company that patents, designs, develops and commercializes innovative diagnostic and therapeutic injection technologies and devices for medical and dental use. Since our inception, we have engaged in pioneering proprietary, innovative, computer-controlled injection technologies, and solutions for the medical and dental markets. We believe our technologies are designed to provide computer-controlled delivery and pressure-monitoring capabilities for specified dental and medical applications.

We have focused our resources on redefining the worldwide standard of care for injection techniques by making the experience more comfortable for the patient by reducing the anxiety and stress of receiving injections from the healthcare provider. Our computer-controlled injection devices make injections precise, efficient, and virtually painless.

Milestone Scientific has developed a proprietary, computer-controlled anesthetic delivery device, our DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing Technology^® System, to meet the needs of various subcutaneous drug delivery injections and fluid aspiration – enabling healthcare practitioners to achieve multiple unique benefits that cannot currently be accomplished with the 160-year-old manual syringe. Our proprietary DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing technology is our technology platform that advances the development of next-generation devices. It regulates flow rate and monitors pressure from the tip of the needle, through platform extensions for local anesthesia for subcutaneous drug delivery, used in various dental and medical injections. It has specific medical applications for epidural space identification in regional anesthesia procedures.

Our device, using The Wand^®, a single use disposable handpiece, is marketed in dentistry under the trademark CompuDent^®, and STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System^® and is suitable for all dental procedures that require local anesthetic. The dental devices currently are sold in the United States, Canada and in over 33 other countries. Milestone Scientific also has 510(k) marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the CompuFlo^® Epidural Computer Controlled Anesthesia System in the lumbar, thoracic and cervical thoracic junction of the spine region. In addition, Milestone Scientific has obtained CE mark approval and can be marketed and sold in most European countries.

Our recent receipt of technology-specific CPT Code for the Company’s technology by the American Medical Association marks an important milestone that could increase the potential number of anesthesia pain management clinics adopting the CompuFlo instrument. A CPT code expands the potential for reimbursement of epidural procedures in pain management utilizing the CompuFlo Epidural System, which we believe should help accelerate the commercial roll-out of CompuFlo in the United States.

Milestone Scientific and its subsidiaries currently hold approximately 305 issued U.S. and foreign patents, along with 15 pending patent applications. The Company’s patents and patent applications relate to drug delivery methodologies, peripheral nerve block, drug flow rate measurement, pressure/force computer-controlled drug delivery with exit pressure, dynamic pressure sensing, automated rate control, automated charging, drug profiles, audible and visual pressure/force feedback, tissue identification, identification of a target region drug delivery injection unit, drug drive unit for anesthetic, handpiece, and injection device.

Milestone Scientific remains focused on advancing efforts to achieve the following three primary objectives:

	●	Establishing Milestone’s DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing technology platform as the standard-of-care in painless and precise drug delivery, providing for the first time objective visual and audible in-tissue pressure feedback, and continuing to expand potential platform applications.

	●	Following the successful FDA clearance of our first medical device, Milestone Scientific is transitioning from a research and development organization to a commercially focused medical device company; and

	●	Expanding the global footprint of our CompuFlo Epidural and CathCheck System by utilizing a targeted field sales force and partnering with distribution companies worldwide.

Building on the success of our proprietary, core technology platform for dental injections, and desiring to pursue other growth opportunities, we have recently begun efforts to expand the uses and applications of our proprietary, patented technologies to achieve greater operational efficiencies, enhanced patient safety and therapeutic adherence, patient satisfaction, and improved quality of care across a broad range of medical specialties.

We intend to continue to expand the uses and applications of our DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing technology. We believe that we and our technology solutions are recognized by key opinion leaders (i.e., academics, anesthesiologists and practicing dentists whose opinions are widely respected), industry experts and medical and dental practitioners as a leader in the emerging, computer-controlled injection industry.

Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and other matters. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company in any given year if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than what you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.

Additional Information

For additional information related to our business and operations, please refer to the reports incorporated herein by reference, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year and subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as described in the section entitled “Incorporation by Reference” in this prospectus.

Corporate Information

We were organized in August 1989 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our common stock was initially listed on the NYSE American on June 1, 2015 and trades under the symbol “MLSS”. Our principal executive office is located at 425 Eagle Rock Ave, Suite 403, Roseland, New Jersey 07068 and our telephone number is (973) 535-2717. Our web address is www.milestonescientific.com. Information contained on or accessed through our website is not part of this prospectus.

Risk Factor Summary

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the section titled “Risk Factors” contained herein and in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and discussed under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Risk Factor Summary” or similar titles contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings we make with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering.

The Securities We May Offer

We may offer shares of our common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription and other rights and units, either individually or in combination, from time to time in one or more offerings up to a total public offering price of $45,000,000, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the relevant offering.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices, and other important terms of the securities. The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. We may sell the securities directly to investors or through underwriters, dealers or agents. We, and our underwriters or agents, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities.

Use of Proceeds

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us hereunder, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes, including research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures, or for any other purpose we describe in any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider those risk factors described below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our most recent fiscal year (together with any material changes thereto contained in subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K) and those contained in our other filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and all other information contained in this prospectus and in any supplementary prospectus relating to the offering of any of our securities before purchasing any of our securities. Some statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

The prospectus supplement applicable to each type or series of securities we offer may contain a discussion of risks applicable to the particular types of securities that we are offering under that prospectus supplement. In addition, risk factors may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. These risks and uncertainties are not the only risks and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently view as immaterial, may also impair our business. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or any prospectus supplement or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition and cause the value of our securities to decline. You could lose all or part of your investment.

Future sales of our securities may materially dilute existing stockholders and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. We may offer and sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription rights and units under this prospectus from time to time. The issuance of common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, could materially dilute the ownership interests and voting rights of our existing stockholders. The actual and potential dilution resulting from any offering may be substantial, particularly if we issue securities at a discount to the market price of our common stock or issue securities with conversion, exercise, price-adjustment, anti-dilution or other features that increase the number of shares issuable over time. In addition, the sale, or the perception of the possibility of future sale, of substantial amounts of our common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of securities offered by this prospectus will be used for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds for licensing or acquiring intellectual property or technologies to incorporate into our products and product candidates or our research and development programs, the development and finalization of the next generation dental instrument, preparation for market readiness once health care insurance providers approve reimbursement payment, capital expenditures, to fund possible investments in and acquisitions of complementary businesses or partnerships. We have not determined the amounts we plan to spend on the areas listed above or the timing of these expenditures, and we have no current plans with respect to acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. As a result, unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, our management will have broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds of the offerings. Pending their ultimate use, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, government and non-government debt securities and/or money market funds that invest in such securities.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER

The following summary description of our capital stock and certain provisions of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Amended and Restated By-laws (the “By-laws”), and the applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), may not be complete in all respects and is qualified entirely by reference to the provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and our By-laws, each of which has previously been filed with the SEC, and the DGCL. For information on how to obtain copies of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws, see the discussion above under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Authorized but Unissued Common Stock

We currently have authority to issue 135,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of September 8, 2026, 90,644,403 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, and no shares of our preferred stock were issued or outstanding.

Voting Rights

Except as otherwise required by Delaware law, at every annual or special meeting of stockholders, every holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election. The common stock is not entitled to cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption.

Dividend and Liquidation Rights

Subject to the rights, powers and preferences of any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends at such times and in such amounts as the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) from time to time may determine. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive pro rata our assets, which are legally available for distribution, after payments of all debts and other liabilities and if preferred stock shall then be outstanding subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Listing on the NYSE American

Our shares of common stock are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “MLSS.”

Authorized but Unissued Common Stock

The DGCL does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares, except in certain limited circumstances. However, the listing requirements of the NYSE American, which would apply for so long as our common stock is listed on the NYSE American, require stockholder approval of certain issuances (other than a public offering) equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of common stock, as well as for certain issuances of stock in compensatory transactions. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions. One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved shares of common stock may be to enable our Board of Directors to sell shares to persons friendly to current management, for such consideration, in form and amount, as is acceptable to the Board, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby protect the continuity of our management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 1 State Street, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10004. The transfer agent and registrar for the preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK WE MAY OFFER

The following description of the terms of our preferred stock is only a summary. This description and the description contained in any prospectus supplement is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each as amended, each of which has previously been filed with the SEC. In addition, the specific terms of any series of preferred shares will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and certificate of designation amending the certificate of incorporation.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which may be issued in one or more series upon authorization of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, rights and preferences, and the qualifications, limitations, and restrictions thereof to the fullest extent permitted by our certificate of incorporation and the laws of the State of Delaware, including, without limitation, voting rights, dividend rights, dissolution rights, conversion rights, exchange rights and redemption rights. The authorized shares of our preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of our preferred stock, our Board of Directors may determine not to seek stockholder approval. The specific terms of any series of preferred stock offered pursuant to this prospectus will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock.

A series of our preferred stock could, depending on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. Our Board of Directors will make any determination to issue preferred shares based upon its judgment as to the best interests of our stockholders. Our directors, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt through which an acquirer may be able to change the composition of our Board of Directors, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority, of our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then-current market price of the stock.

The preferred stock may have some or all of the terms described below, which will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of preferred stock being issued and sold under the prospectus supplement. You should read the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of preferred stock being offered for specific terms, including:

●

the designation and stated value per share of the preferred stock and the number of shares offered;

●

the amount of liquidation preference per share and the ranking as to the right to receive a liquidation payment;

●

the price at which the preferred stock will be issued;

●

the dividend rate, or method of calculation of dividends, the dates on which dividends will be payable, whether dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative and, if cumulative, the dates from which dividends will commence to accumulate, the ranking as to the right to receive dividends;

●

any redemption or sinking fund provisions;

●

if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies including composite currencies in which the preferred stock is denominated and/or in which payments will or may be payable;

	●	any conversion provisions; and

	●	any other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions on the preferred stock.

Rank. The preferred stock may rank:

●

senior to our common stock and to all equity securities ranking junior to such preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;

●

on a parity with all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; or

●

junior to all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.

Dividends.

Holders of the preferred stock of each series may be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors, cash dividends at such rates and on such dates described in the prospectus supplement. Different series of preferred stock may be entitled to dividends at different rates or based on different methods of calculation. The dividend rate may be fixed or variable or both. Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative. If our Board of Directors does not declare a dividend payable on a dividend payment date on any series of noncumulative preferred stock, then the holders of that noncumulative preferred stock will have no right to receive a dividend for that dividend payment date, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued for that period, whether or not dividends on that series are declared payable on any future dividend payment dates. Dividends on any series of cumulative preferred stock will accrue from the date we initially issue shares of such series or such other date specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

No dividends may be declared or paid or funds set apart for the payment of any dividends on any parity securities unless full dividends have been paid or set apart for payment on the preferred stock. If full dividends are not paid, the preferred stock will share dividends pro rata with the parity securities.

No dividends may be declared or paid or funds set apart for the payment of dividends on any junior securities unless full dividends for all dividend periods terminating on or prior to the date of the declaration or payment will have been paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment set apart for payment on the preferred stock.

Liquidation Preference.

Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, then, before we make any distribution or payment to the holders of any common stock or any other class or series of our capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock in the distribution of assets, the holders of each series of preferred stock shall be entitled to receive out of assets legally available for distribution to stockholders, liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference per share. Unless otherwise specified in terms of the series of preferred stock, after payment of the full amount of their liquidating distributions, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Upon a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, if our available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all other classes or series of our capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock and all other such classes or series of shares of capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of assets, then the holders of the preferred stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock will share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be entitled.

Upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up and if we have made liquidating distributions in full to all holders of preferred stock, we will distribute our remaining assets among the holders of any other classes or series of capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock according to their respective rights and preferences and, in each case, according to their respective number of shares.

Redemption.

If so provided in the terms of the preferred stock, the preferred stock may be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, as a whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such prospectus supplement. A series of preferred stock that is subject to mandatory redemption will have specified the number of shares of preferred stock that shall be redeemed and the terms of the redemption, including the dates of redemption, price to be paid upon redemption, and the accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of redemption. We may pay the redemption price in cash or other property. If fewer than all of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any series are to be redeemed, we may determine the number of shares to be redeemed pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion to the number of such shares held or for which redemption is requested by such holder or by any other equitable manner that we determine. Such determination will reflect adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares.

Voting Rights.

Holders of preferred stock may have voting rights as determined by the Board of Directors, and will have voting rights as required by law.

Conversion Rights.

The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of preferred stock may be convertible into shares of our common stock will be set forth in the terms of the preferred stock series. Such terms may include the number of shares of common stock into which the shares of preferred stock are convertible, the conversion price, rate or manner of calculation thereof, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at our option or at the option of the holders of the preferred stock, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion in the event of the redemption.

Transfer Agent and Registrar.

The transfer agent and registrar for the preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

No Other Rights.

The shares of a new series of preferred stock will not have any preferences, voting powers or relative, participating, optional or other special rights except:

●

as discussed above or in the prospectus supplement;

●

as provided in our certificate of incorporation and in the certificate of designations; and

●

as otherwise required by law.

The specific terms of any series of preferred stock will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and certificate of designation amending the certificate of incorporation.

Any issuance of our preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock, and the likelihood that such holders would receive dividend payments and payments on liquidation, which might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control or other corporate action. No shares of preferred stock are outstanding, and we have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred stock.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS OR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS WE MAY OFFER

The following description of warrants and subscription rights is only a summary. This description is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the applicable warrant or subscription agreement. The specific terms of any warrants or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may issue warrants or other forms of subscription rights for the purchase of shares of common stock, preferred stock or units. Warrants may be issued independently or together with preferred stock, common stock or units and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Any issuance of warrants or subscription rights will be governed by the terms of the applicable form of security and any related agreement, which we will file as an exhibit to our registration statement at or before the time we issue any warrants or subscription rights.

The particular terms of any issue of warrants or subscription rights will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:

●

the title of the securities;

●

the aggregate number of securities;

●

the price or prices at which the security will be issued;

●

the currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which the price of the security may be paid;

●

the terms of the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants or subscription right and the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the securities;

●

the price at which the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants or subscription rights may be purchased;

●

the date on which the right to exercise the securities will commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

●

any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount and exercise price of securities receivable upon exercise of the securities;

●

if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the securities that may be exercised at any one time;

●

if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the securities are issued and the number of the warrants or subscription rights issued with each such security;

●

if applicable, the date on and after which any related securities will be separately transferable;

●

information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and

●

any other terms, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange or exercise of the warrants or subscription rights.

The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants or subscription rights to purchase equity securities may also include, if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax and ERISA considerations.

After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants or subscription rights will become void. We will specify the place or places where, and the manner in which, the securities may be exercised in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants or subscription rights to purchase preferred stock, common stock or units, holders of the warrants or subscription rights will not have any of the rights of holders of the preferred stock, common stock or units purchasable upon exercise.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS WE MAY OFFER

The following description of units is only a summary. This description is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the applicable units or purchase agreement. The specific terms of any units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may issue units consisting of a combination of two or more of any offered securities, at a single price or at a separate price for each security included in the unit. The securities offered may be issued separately or may be evidenced by a separate unit certificate, which may or may not trade separately. The terms and conditions governing the issuance of any units, including the form and content of any certificate evidencing the units, the terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately, a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units, and a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units, will be described in detail in the prospectus supplement to be filed in connection with the offering of such units.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus (1) to or through underwriters or dealers, (2) directly to purchasers, including our affiliates, (3) through agents, or (4) through a combination of any of these methods. The securities may be distributed at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, market prices prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to the prevailing market prices, or negotiated prices. The prospectus supplement will include the following information:

●

the terms of the offering;

●

the names of any underwriters or agents;

●

the name or names of any managing underwriter or underwriters;

●

the purchase price of the securities;

●

the net proceeds from the sale of the securities;

●

any delayed delivery arrangements;

●

any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

●

any initial public offering price;

●

any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

●

any commissions paid to agents.

Sale through underwriters or dealers

If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions. Underwriters may sell the securities in order to facilitate transactions in any of our other securities (described in this prospectus or otherwise), including other public or private transactions and short sales. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.

If dealers are used in the sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The prospectus supplement will include the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction.

Direct sales and sales through agents

We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus directly to investors. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. Securities may also be sold through agents designated from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.

We may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. The terms of any such sales will be described in the prospectus supplement.

Underwriter, dealer or agent discounts and commissions

Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or our purchasers as their agents in connection with the sale of securities. These underwriters, dealers or agents may be considered to be underwriters under the Securities Act. As a result, discounts, commissions, or profits on resale received by the underwriters, dealers or agents may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions. Each prospectus supplement will identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and describe any compensation received by them from us. Any public offering price of the securities being sold and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.

Delayed delivery contracts

If the prospectus supplement indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.

Market making, stabilization and other transactions

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, each series of offered securities will be a new issue and will have no established trading market. We may elect to list any series of offered securities on an exchange. Any underwriters that we use in the sale of offered securities may make a market in such securities, but may discontinue such market making at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the securities will have a liquid trading market.

Any underwriter may also engage in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.

Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of the transactions. The underwriters may, if they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time.

Derivative transactions and hedging

The underwriters or other agents may engage in derivative transactions involving the securities. These derivatives may consist of short sale transactions and other hedging activities. The underwriters or agents may acquire a long or short position in the securities, hold or resell securities acquired and purchase options or futures on the securities and other derivative instruments with returns linked to or related to changes in the price of the securities. In order to facilitate these derivative transactions, we may enter into security lending or repurchase agreements with the underwriters or agents. The underwriters or agents may effect the derivative transactions through sales of the securities to the public, including short sales, or by lending the securities in order to facilitate short sale transactions by others. The underwriters or agents may also use the securities purchased or borrowed from us or others (or, in the case of derivatives, securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives) to directly or indirectly settle sales of the securities or close out any related open borrowings of the securities.

General information

Agents, underwriters, and dealers may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OF THE
COMPANY’S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS

The following paragraphs regarding certain provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, and the By-laws are summaries of the material terms thereof and do not purport to be complete. We urge you to read the prospectus, any related prospectus supplement related to a security that we may offer under this prospectus, the DGCL, and the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws. Copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws are on file with the SEC as exhibits to filings previously made by us. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

General

The provisions of the DGCL, and the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting an unsolicited offer to acquire our company. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Effects of Authorized but Unissued Stock

One of the effects of the existence of authorized but unissued common stock or preferred stock may be to enable our board of directors to make more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of our Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of management. If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, the board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in our best interest, such shares could be issued by the board of directors without stockholder approval in one or more transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or costly the completion of the takeover transaction by diluting the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder group, by putting a substantial voting block in institutional or other hands that might undertake to support the position of the incumbent board of directors, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise.

Undesignated Preferred Stock

Our board of directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights, preferences and privileges that could have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control of our Company or management.

Cumulative Voting

Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would allow holders of less than a majority of the stock to elect some directors.

Classified Board of Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws do not provide for a classified board of directors.

Vacancies

Our By-laws provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.

Actions at Meetings of Stockholders; Special Meeting of Stockholders and Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals

Our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws require that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of the stockholders or by a consent in writing. Our By-laws also provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called from time to time only by a majority of our board of directors. The inability of stockholders to call special meetings may limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

For a nomination or proposal to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Company. To be timely, such stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed to and received at, the principal executive offices of the Company not less than thirty (30) days and not more than sixty (60) days prior to the scheduled annual meeting, regardless of any postponements, deferrals or adjournments of that meeting to a later date; provided, however, that if less than forty (40) days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the scheduled annual meeting is given or made, notice by the stockholder, to be timely, must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the earlier of the day on which such notice of the date of the scheduled annual meeting was mailed or the day on which such public disclosure was made. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth the information required pursuant to the By-laws. These provisions may have the effect of deterring unsolicited offers to acquire our company or delaying stockholder actions, even if they are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.

Effect of Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination (as defined below) with any interested stockholder (as defined below) for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:

●	prior to that date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

●	upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares of voting stock outstanding (but not the voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

●	at or subsequent to that date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, or who beneficially owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within a three-year period immediately prior to the date of determining whether such person is an interested stockholder, and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by any of these entities or persons.

Under certain circumstances, this provision could make it more difficult for a person who would be an “interested stockholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period.

LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

Book-Entry Holders

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers. Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities. As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.

Street Name Holders

We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution. For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not legal holders, of those securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form. For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.

Special Considerations for Indirect Holders

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

●	how it handles securities payments and notices;

●	whether it imposes fees or charges;

●	how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;

●	whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;

●	how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and

●	if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “—Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

Special Considerations for Global Securities

As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security. If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following:

●

an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;

●

an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above;

●

an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;

●

an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;

●

the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in the global security;

●

we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security, nor will we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way;

●

the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and

●

financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities.

There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.

Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated

In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

●

if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;

●

if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or

●

if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, certain legal matters in connection with the offering and the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, will be passed upon by Tarter Krinsky & Drogin LLP. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of the Company incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2025 have been audited by CBIZ CPAs P.C. (“CBIZ CPAs”), an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a going concern uncertainty). Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of the Company incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been audited by Marcum LLP (“Marcum”), an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant.

As previously reported by the Company in its current report on Form 8-K filed April 22, 2025, on November 1, 2024, CBIZ CPAs acquired the attest business of Marcum, effective November 1, 2024, and Marcum continued to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm through April 22, 2025, subsequent to the filing of the Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K containing the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. On April 22, 2025, Marcum resigned as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and, with the approval of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, CBIZ CPAs was engaged as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

As previously reported by the Company in its current report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2026, on April 30, 2026, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the dismissal of CBIZ CPAs as the independent registered public accounting firm to the Company effective as of May 15, 2026 (after the filing by the Company of its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026), and the Company entered into an engagement agreement with Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. (“Grassi”), as its new independent registered public accounting firm effective May 15, 2026. Grassi did not audit or review the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 or the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. Neither we nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered by this prospectus.

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as us (www.sec.gov), that file electronically with the SEC.

Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at www.milestonescientific.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. This prospectus “incorporates by reference” certain information that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This means we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to those documents.

The following documents are incorporated by reference into this document (other than Current Reports or portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items and other portions of documents that are furnished, but not filed, or are otherwise not incorporated into registration statements pursuant to applicable rules promulgated by the SEC), except to the extent information in those documents is different from the information contained in this prospectus, and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until the offering is terminated:

	●	Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed on March 31, 2026, and Form 10-K/A filed on May 5, 2026, including the Definitive Proxy Statement of Schedule 14A, filed on June 22, 2026;

	●	Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026, filed on August 13, 2026, and for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026, filed on May 13, 2026;

	●	Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed on January 20, 2026, February 4, 2026 (Form 8-K/A), March 11, 2026, April 2, 2026, April 21, 2026, May 6, 2026, May 6, 2026, June 25, 2026, July 29, 2026, and July 31, 2026;

	●	The description of Milestone’s Common Stock contained in Exhibit 4.5 to its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2026, as updated by the description in the section hereof entitled “Description of Common Stock We May Offer,” including any further amendment or report filed hereafter for the purpose of updating such description.

We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus all documents (other than Current Reports or portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items and other portions of documents that are furnished, but not filed, or are otherwise not incorporated into registration statements pursuant to applicable rules promulgated by the SEC) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i) after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, or (ii) after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering. These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

We will provide, upon written or oral request, without charge to you, including any beneficial owner to whom this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated herein by reference other than the exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the information that this prospectus incorporates. You should direct a request for copies by writing us Attention: Vice President of Finance, Keisha Harcum, Milestone Scientific Inc., 425 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 403, Roseland, New Jersey 07068, or you may call us at (973) 535-2717.

Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the document to the extent that a statement contained in this document or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document modifies or supersedes the statement.

You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus. We have authorized no one to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this document. All documents that we file pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus or after the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to the termination of the offering will be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference and will be a part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of the document. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement that is modified or superseded will not constitute a part of this prospectus, except as modified or superseded.

Our reports and documents incorporated by reference herein may also be found in the “Investors” section of our website at https://www.milestonescientific.com/investors/sec-filings/all-sec-filings. The content of our website and any information that is linked to or accessible from our website (other than our filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference, as set forth under “Incorporation by Reference”) is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement and you should not consider it a part of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, or the registration statement.

$45,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Warrants

Subscription Rights

Units

PROSPECTUS

September 8, 2026

Part II

Information Not Required in the Prospectus

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following is a statement of the estimated expenses of the Company in connection with the issuance and delivery of the securities being registered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions:

Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee*	$	446.95
Accounting fees and expenses *	$	27,500
Legal fees and expenses*	$	30,000
Printing expenses*	$	1,000
Transfer Agent fees and expenses*	$	2,500
Miscellaneous*	$	1,053.05
Total*	$	62,500.00

*	These fees will be dependent on the types of securities offered and number of offerings and, therefore, cannot be fully determined at this time and may vary significantly from the estimates.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL allows a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation will not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached the duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation provides for this limitation of liability.

Section 145 of the DGCL, or Section 145, provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who is, was or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was illegal. A Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests, provided that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer, director, employee or agent is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him against the expenses which such officer or director has actually and reasonably incurred.

II-1

Section 145 further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him under Section 145.

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation provides that the liability of directors for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL. The Company’s By-laws state that the Company shall indemnify every director or officer of the Company for all liabilities, costs and expenses incurred in connection with such directorship or office and any actions taken or omitted in such capacity to the greatest extent permitted under the DGCL and other applicable laws at the time of such indemnification, reimbursement or advance payment.

Expenses incurred by any present or former director or officer of the Company in defending any civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative action, suit, or proceeding, shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking in writing by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.

Other than as discussed above, neither the Company’s By-laws nor its Certificate of Incorporation includes any specific indemnification provisions for the Company’s officers or directors against liability under the Securities Act. The Company has also purchased insurance providing for indemnification of its directors and officers. Additionally, insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that a director will not be personally liable to us or to our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director, including breaches which constitute gross negligence. This provision does not eliminate or limit the liability of a director:

●

for breach of his or her duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders;

●

for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

●

under Section 174 of the DGCL (relating to unlawful payments or dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions);

●

for any improper benefit; or

●

for breaches of a director’s responsibilities under the federal securities laws.

Our certificate of incorporation also provides that we indemnify and hold harmless each of our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, against all expense, liability and loss (including attorney’s fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of Milestone Scientific, pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

II-2

Item 16. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein:

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Title

1.1		Form of Underwriting Agreement*
3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended as of August 4, 2026***
4.1		Form of Certificate of Designation*
4.2		Form of Preferred Stock Certificate*
4.3		Form of Warrant or Subscription Agreement*
4.4		Form of Warrant Certificate*
4.5		Form of Unit Certificate*
4.6		Form of Unit Agreement*
5.1		Opinion of Tarter Krinsky & Drogin LLP**
23.1		Consent of CBIZ CPAs P.C. **
23.2		Consent of Marcum LLP**
23.3		Consent of Tarter Krinsky & Drogin LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)**
24.1		Power of Attorney**
107.1		Calculation of Registration Statement Fee**

*	To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference.
**	Filed herewith.
***	Incorporated by Reference to Milestone Scientific’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 13, 2026, Exhibit 3.1.

II-3

Item 17. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in this registration statement;

(2) provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by this registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or, as to a registration statement on Form S–3, Form SF–3 or Form F–3, is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this registration statement.

(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

(1) each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(2) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(e) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(f) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the indemnification provisions described herein, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-4

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Borough of Roseland, State of New Jersey, on September 8, 2026.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Benedetta Casamento and Eric Hines, or any of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including all pre-effective and post-effective amendments, exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith) to this registration statement and any subsequent registration statement filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 462(b) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any one of them full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully as to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or his or her substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on September 8, 2026.

Signature		Title

/s/ Eric Hines		Chief Executive Officer
Eric Hines		(Principal Executive Officer) and Director

/s/ Keisha Harcum		Vice President of Finance and Acting Chief Accounting Officer
Keisha Harcum		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/Benedetta Casamento		Chairman of the Board
Benedetta Casamento

/s/ Neal Goldman		Director
Neal Goldman

/s/ Dr. Didier Demesmin		Director
Didier Demesmin

/s/ Dawood Sayed		Director
Dr. Dawood Sayed

/s/ Kelly Ulto		Director
Kelly Ulto

/s/ Greg Shilling		Director
Greg Shilling

II-5